Fire fighting equipment gas station fire safety

Gas stations are mainly referred to as auto gas stations. They are special sites for adding gasoline, light diesel oil to various types of motor vehicles. The automobile gas station is mainly composed of three parts: underground storage tanks, tankers and management rooms. Some are also equipped with lubricants for cars, retail small packaged oil products, car washes and maintenance rooms, and warehouses. It is recommended that gas stations be equipped with adequate fire-fighting equipment.

Since gas stations have a large number of fire hazards, they should be reasonable in terms of layout, fire separation, facilities, operation and management to ensure safety.

Gasoline operated by petrol stations is the most flammable and explosive liquid, especially during the unloading and refueling process, volatile gases are volatilized or some petrol or other light oil is spilled, and oils that cause leakage due to improper operation are once Encountered with open flames, static electricity sparks, and lightning strikes can cause fires and explosions. This not only causes gas stations to be affected but also threatens the surrounding buildings.

Fire prevention measures

The scale of auto gas stations is divided into three levels, with a total primary capacity of 1 to 300 cubic meters, a single tank capacity of no more than 5O cubic meters; a secondary total capacity of 16 to 100 cubic meters, and a single tank capacity of no more than 5O cubic meters; third-level total capacity is 15 cubic meters and 15 cubic meters, single tank capacity is not more than 15 cubic meters.

When choosing a site, the city can build a gas station for every 5 square kilometers to plan. The size of the gas station should be determined according to the number of service vehicles. The site should be selected in a place convenient for transportation and avoiding personnel gathering. The gas station should also be close to the main road or on a convenient secondary road. Suburban petrol stations should be close to roads or near traffic entrances near the city. The distance between the fire station and the surrounding buildings, main buildings within the station, etc. shall be in accordance with regulations.

(1) Fire protection requirements of pipelines

Gas pipelines at gas stations should adopt seamless steel pipes, and welding methods should be applied to the pipelines. Gas pipelines in gas stations should be laid directly underground, and trenches should not be used. If they must be used, the trenches should be filled with sand or separated from buildings and structures by solid walls. It is not advisable to install pits, wells, canals or other ditch in the gas station so as not to accumulate oil and gas. In addition, at the beginning, end, branch, and straight-line sections of the pipeline, anti-static and anti-radar grounding devices should be installed every 100 meters.

(2) Fire prevention requirements of management room

The management room shall be a separate building of Class I or Class II fire resistance. Tankers should be cast in-situ reinforced concrete shelters. Boilers for boiling food or boiling water should be located in a separate room. The doors and windows of the boiler room must not face the tanker, the oil unloading port, the tank, and the mouth of the breathing tube. The Martian extinguisher should be installed to prevent fires. The management room should be equipped with common firefighting equipment.

(3) Fire protection requirements at gas station sites

A solid wall of not less than 2 meters high shall be installed around the gas station, and a fence of metal or non-combustible material may be provided when the fire-proof spacing of the surrounding buildings meets the requirements. In order to prevent oil from flowing out of the station, the gas station floor should also have a certain slope, and grease traps should be provided. In addition, lightning protection facilities and some foam, dry powder fire extinguishers, asbestos cloth, sand and other fire-fighting equipment should also be provided.

(4) Fireproof requirements of oil storage tanks

Gasoline and diesel storage tanks in urban auto gas stations should be directly buried underground. Gasoline storage tanks are strictly forbidden to be installed indoors or in pits covered with cover plates, and the storage tank capacity should not be too large. If the gas station is built in the suburbs, and the tank is buried directly in the ground, it may be located on the ground or buried in a semi-underground condition. However, a fire-breaking embankment should be provided. Directly buried oil tanks such as inlet pipes, outlet pipes, oil holes, and breathing pipes should be installed on the inlet cover. The oil hole should be made of non-ferrous metal rulers such as copper and aluminum to prevent friction between the steel rule and the steel pipe. Underground breathing tanks should be provided with breathing tubes separately, the tube diameter should not be less than 5O mm, and flame arrestors must be installed, and the distance between the nozzles and the ground should not be less than 4 meters. The breathing tube laid along the wall (column) of a building should have a nozzle 1 meter higher than the building, and the net distance from the doors and windows should not be less than 3 meters. The underground oil irrigation hole should be set in a solid operation well, and the well cover should be made of a material that does not generate sparks when it collides. In addition, there must be lightning protection and anti-static devices. The anti-static grounding device should be tested twice a year.

(5) Fire Retarder Requirements

The holes in the oil pipelines, power lines, and grounding wires that are passed through the tanker foundation are filled with sand to prevent oil and gas from escaping.

The area around the tanker should be classified into a Class 1 area according to the level of explosion hazardous locations within the oil depot. The electrical wiring should be laid with cables and steel pipe wiring, and electrical equipment should be safe. Power and lighting switches should be installed in the gas station management room. The connection between the tanker and the reservoir is connected with a wire and grounded to prevent a potential difference between the two. It is strictly forbidden to check the electrical equipment with electricity. The dust and foreign materials in the electrical equipment should also be removed. The refueling machine gun hose should be wrapped around a spiral wire and connected to the tanker with a ground wire to eliminate static electricity generated at the muzzle. Persons approaching the tanker must not wear static-accumulating garments (such as acrylic and polyester) and nailed shoes. The overhauling operation should use non-sparking tools. There must be no knocking or collision during operation. The inspection site should avoid any source of fire. Suction pipes, oil pumps, grease guns, etc., and connecting pipes must not leak.

Operation and management

(1) Fire protection requirements for refueling operations

The refueling personnel must personally operate the refueling gun, and must not twist the refueling hose or stretch it to the limit. The refueling gun must be firmly inserted into the tank port of the fuel tank, concentrate on it, and perform the operation carefully so that it does not spill or run. To fuel the car tank, it is best to use a self-sealing refueling gun. When the liquid level reaches a certain height and the small hole on the refueling gun is submerged, the oil gun will automatically shut down and stop refueling. When the tanker malfunctions and the safety of the gas station is endangered, the refueling should be stopped immediately. When running, running or leaking oil occurs, the vehicle must be started and left after the scene must be cleared. When the gas station stops operating, the tanker should be turned off, the power supply turned off, and the valve for filling the oil out of the oil line should be closed to lock the doors and windows.

(2) Fire protection requirements for repairing tanker When repairing the tanker, especially when disassembling the oil pump, oil separator, and oil inlet pipe, it is necessary to prevent the oil from flowing out. When repairing electrical equipment, be sure to cut off the power supply in the power distribution room and hang up the signboard that does not allow closing. Before repairing electrical equipment, oil and gas must be removed to prevent sparks from igniting oil and gas.

(3) General fire management requirements Operators should master the operating techniques and fire prevention regulations of this post, so that they can be carefully operated to prevent oil leakage and splashing. Fireworks inside the gas station are strictly prohibited and prominent publicity boards are established to strictly use the fire and electricity systems. It is forbidden to engage in jobs that may generate sparks at gas stations, such as overhauling vehicles and knocking on ironwork. Safety valves, breathing valves, and grounding cables should be inspected and tested frequently to ensure safety and ease of use. It is strictly forbidden to bring all dangerous goods into the station, and it is strictly forbidden for random personnel to enter or leave the station at random. Passengers must first get off the bus when the bus stops to refuel, and wait until the refueling is completed. The vehicle then leaves the station and gets on the train. Lightning should stop refueling and unloading operations.

(4) Fireproof requirements for unloading operation The exhaust pipe of the tanker shall be equipped with a fireproof cover. When unloading oil by gravity, the engine should be shut down, at the same time, the fueling operation should be stopped, safety precautions must be taken, and unloading should be arranged in a timely manner. When unloading the oil in the tanker, special guardianship should be provided. The driver should first pick up the temporary grounding wire at the location specified by the tanker and stick to his position to prevent pedestrians from approaching. After the unloading is completed, the oil tank is retested after 5 minutes of stabilization to prevent the electrostatic discharge between the oil dipstick and the oil level and the oil tank, resulting in a fire. Before unloading the oil, the oil tank must be measured and the oil storage capacity of the oil tank must be approved before the oil can be unloaded, so as to prevent the top oil from running when the oil is unloaded. When unloading oil, the speed of the oil must be strictly controlled. Before the oil product is submerged in the oil inlet pipe, the oil flow rate should be controlled at O. Within 7 to 1 meter to prevent static electricity. When unloading oil, it is also necessary to prevent static electricity from splashing.