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A study by the University of Georgia found that after genetically modifying the thermophilic xylanase that degrades lignocellulose, they directly converted the biomass energy from switchgrass into ethanol fuel, which was published in the latest report. The study on the "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences" in the future is expected to achieve industrial production and produce inexpensive fuel.
In the process of using biomass energy from non-food crops such as switchgrass and barbadensis to produce cost-effective biofuels, one of the major “stumbling blocks†faced is the use of microbial fermentation to prepare plants before they are used to pre-treat the plants' plant cell walls. Cracked, scientists have not found a good way, therefore, also slowed down the pace of bio-fuel production for scientists.
Now, Janet Westferring, professor of genetics at the University of Georgia at the University of Georgia, and researchers at the University’s BioEnergy Science Center (funded by the U.S. Department of Energy) have studied for more than two and a half years. The glycanase has been genetically engineered, and the engineered strain has successfully assumed the task of dismantling plant biomass energy cell walls and abandoning the pretreatment process.
Westfield and her colleagues deleted a lactate dehydrogenase gene from a thermophilic xylanase and introduced an acetaldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase gene from Clostridium thermocellum that produces ethanol. Hot xylanase therefore possesses the ability to ferment sugar to ethanol. The results of the study showed that this modified thermophilic xylanase strain converted switchgrass biomass to 70% of its total fermentation final product, compared to 0 for the wild-type strain.
Westphine Ling said: "Now, without any pretreatment, we took the switchgrass, ground it into powder, added a low-cost, very small amount of salt culture medium, and at the other end we could get ethanol. Research has taken the first step towards an economically viable industrial process."
Westfield said that many microorganisms in nature have been proven to have very strong chemical and biological capabilities, but the biggest challenge is to develop good genetic systems to use these microorganisms, and system biology allows us to The bodies are manipulated to allow them to accomplish what they could not do before. The latest research is the best example.
In addition to ethanol, the resulting biofuels include butanol and isobutanol (traffic fuel comparable to ethanol) as well as other fuels and chemicals. Westfield Lin said: "The latest research is a start to prove that we can manipulate organisms to produce truly sustainable products." (Liu Xia)
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