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Twenty-five years after the "Single European Act" was signed, the EU still has no unified electricity market.
However, all this will be fundamentally changed in 2014. Out of concerns about energy security and future competitiveness, the European Union has inspired the determination to establish an integrated energy market.
The first EU summit this year, held on February 4, 2011, made unprecedented choice of energy as the central issue.
During the meeting, the low-profile European Council’s Van Rompuy hurriedly left a word on Twitter: “It is impractical to design energy policies in a single and purely national policy context. The European (Energy) framework is in Imperative."
Member States' ambitions After the Cancun Climate Change Conference in Mexico was held, the outside world was optimistic about the EU summit with energy issues at the core. Countries even lobbied the European Commission with their own advantages.
The EU member states have formulated strict emission reduction plans and long-term general energy policy strategies, among which Germany has taken the lead. They also put forward: “To advance into the era of renewable energy, we must adjust the energy structure around the world.â€
Germany has set an ambitious goal for this: With 1990 as the base year, greenhouse gas emissions will be reduced by at least 80% by 2050.
From the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology/Federal Ministry of Environment, the “Energy Program Draft†was obtained. Among them, Germany believes that “Germany should become one of the world’s most energy efficient and environmentally friendly national economies and must have competitive energy prices. We must also maintain a high level of affluence."
For this reason, the German government has formulated a long-term general strategy for energy policy, in order to create reliable conditions for the development of technology and the necessary investment.
The draft "Energy Plan" of Germany takes the 2050 as a long-term goal and takes into consideration the long investment cycle of the energy economy from 20 to 30 years. Therefore, the goal of climate protection policy is formulated every 10 years, and the goal of expanding the use of renewable energy and improving energy efficiency is given as a long-term positioning, but at the same time ensuring the necessary flexibility for new technological and economic development. .
Germany's draft Energy Plan states: "In the future, diversified energy sources, renewable energy should be the main part. Through this approach, in the process of vigorously developing diversified energy sources, renewable energy sources are gradually replacing conventional energy carriers. Nuclear energy that should be phased out is a transitional technology to this goal."
At present, the concrete action areas of the energy program include: renewable energy, energy efficiency, nuclear power and fossil fuel power plants, high-efficiency grid infrastructure and renewable energy grid-connected infrastructure, energy efficiency retrofitting of existing buildings and energy-saving buildings, transportation challenges, and energy The field of innovative research and new technology research, European and international cooperation in energy supply and so on.
Contrary to the German side's view that nuclear energy is a transitional technology and focuses on renewable energy technologies, France has focused its lobbying on the use of "nuclear energy" that it is more adept at.
Before the meeting, France urged EU leaders to support the use of low-carbon energy instead of renewable energy as a unified electricity market. The secret of this is that low-carbon energy power generation includes nuclear power generation, which will open the door to the French nuclear power company Areva.
Although EU environmentalists are concerned that low-carbon targets may eventually replace the goal of renewable energy, the European Commission officials finally expressed their concern in the statement. They stated that apart from investing in renewable energy, they will Support "safe and sustainable" development.
At the same time, Poland succeeded in persuading EU leaders to add statements in the final statement on the possibility of further evaluating the use of unconventional natural gas fuels such as shale.
“To further enhance supply security, Europe needs to assess potential conventional and unconventional (shale gas, oil shale) to fossil fuel resources for sustainable extraction and utilization.†The final text shows.
European energy business giants call for the establishment of an integrated power market The European Parliament once again called on the EU directors to increase their emission reduction targets for the next ten years to 30% in order to ensure European economic competitiveness.
Judging from the results of the meeting, the 2020 target has not been materialized, and there is no longer any worry about energy security for the goal of climate change reduction.
To achieve the goals of smart growth and sustainable growth proposed by the “Europe 2020 Strategyâ€, EU leaders focused on energy security issues in the EU economy.
At present, about half of the EU’s energy needs to be imported, ranking first in the world in imports, and relying heavily on Russia. This over-reliance on external energy sources and the absence of a single European Union energy market have created ** for the future development of the EU.
Lucas Bath, head of the European project of the Climate Group, told the First Financial Daily before the conference that from a commercial point of view, the victory of Cancun means that European companies have been rewarded with low-carbon investment returns. Rest assured that at the same time, European business groups will have the courage to call on the EU's ambitions.
On February 2nd, 20 industrial giants, including the Italian National Power Company, GE Energy, Siemens, Vestas, etc., jointly called on the EU leaders to show courage and foresight and create a single EU electricity market.
“The European legislative system provides (free) choice of electricity suppliers with options and guarantees, but only 5% of electricity in Europe belongs to transnational trade.†The above 20 companies stated in the statement, “The result of this transaction is low Efficiency competition: With coal prices, natural gas prices, or carbon prices rising in the future, electricity suppliers do not need to bear major risks or losses. This is unacceptable.â€
"A well-functioning European electricity market will have many benefits: Increased competition will, in the long run, reduce electricity prices and improve safety (and reduce the risk of blackouts)." The above statement stated that "it is possible to do without fuel at the same time." , do not cause pollution, and increase trading opportunities in power, and do not need to worry about their source."
"In order to achieve a single market for electricity, Europe needs infrastructure for the transmission of electricity in Europe and a set of common market rules." The above statement suggests.
At the EU leaders’ summit, the leaders of EU member states finally agreed that EU member states need to improve their ability to share energy supplies across borders, and reduce energy use while reducing their dependence on imported energy.
EU leaders particularly emphasized that in 2015, the EU will no longer be an isolated island of energy.
"After 2015, there should be no EU member states that continue to be isolated from European natural gas and electricity networks, or suffer from energy safety damages due to lack of proper connections," said the joint statement after the meeting.
In response to the demands of the business community, EU leaders also stated that the EU should invest more in building pipelines, and at the same time, in order to ensure reliable supply, it should also make more efforts to promote Russia to adopt more predictable behavior.
"In the development of partnership work with Russia, we should adopt a reliable, transparent and rules-based partnership as far as possible." EU leaders stated in a joint statement.
Difficult to follow, due to the EU's political authorization factors, EU diplomats often have very limited mandates when dealing with energy-related foreign affairs, and the borders are unclear.
EU Energy Council member Guenther Oettinger and EU High Representative for Diplomatic and Security Policy Ashton have hoped that EU leaders can award energy to Russia, Turkey, Central Asian countries and North African countries when dealing with energy issues. Greater diplomatic power.
For example, when dealing with the North Africa Desert Solar Energy Project or when processing the Caspian Sea to the European Energy Project (Nabucco Natural Gas Pipeline), strong support from the European Commission will increase the certainty of the above investment.
In response, European Union leaders asked the European Commission to submit a briefing on supply and international cooperation in June 2011 to further enhance the EU's coherence of external actions in the energy sector.
At the same time, in the implementation of the "unified market," EU countries have different rates.
In 2009, the European Union had passed a new law requiring all countries to open up their energy markets. This point was once again reinforced at this meeting. The deadline for the implementation of the new law is on March 3, 2011. Currently, half of EU countries have developed their energy markets, but France is one of the countries that are most reluctant to open up its domestic energy market.
Germany, on the other hand, has made detailed plans for the "energy draft", considering that the EU integrated network is the core of the internal energy market, and the expansion of the entire European network determines the speed of energy market integration.
To this end, Germany will be committed to building and expanding a European-wide integration network at the European level. Through the amendment of the Energy Economic Law, the third EU internal market package will be implemented in 2011. This way, the German electricity market The integration of competition conditions and domestic markets in each country will be further improved and the liberalization of internal markets will be promoted.
At the same time, Germany will improve the research and development of European integrated network planning initiatives and common network technology standards. Germany will actively participate in the design of the EU infrastructure package and study the extent to which the European legal framework can be refined to expand the European integrated network in areas where market-driven network expansion is insufficient, which is particularly suitable for facilitating corporate funding. And to expand the border network system in the power grid.
At the same time, the German government will further strengthen its cooperation with France, Netherlands, Belgium, and Lu in the Five-Party Energy Forum with the goal of preventing network bottlenecks. In line with the goal of promoting the formation of other regional mobile electricity markets, the German federal government will continue to cooperate with its neighboring countries in Central and Eastern Europe.
The German government will also engage in dialogue with Norwegian and Alpine countries with the participation of relevant companies in order to seek long-term cooperation with European partners in the supply of electricity, especially in terms of building and using reserve capacity.
Germany’s “Energy Program Draft†also judged that the prospects for development in Europe’s renewable electricity show that, in the long term, a large part of Germany’s renewable electricity demand will depend on imports. From the perspective of prospects, from North Africa The country's imported solar power in 2050 will contribute to Europe's future energy supply based on renewable energy.
Therefore, taking into account that storage conditions will be improved, in the long term, solar thermal power (CSP) will also be an important factor in ensuring that Germany will use on-demand renewable energy generation in the future.
"According to this policy and considering the experience accumulated in the EU's cross-border cooperation to promote the implementation of the Renewable Energy Cooperation Mechanism, we will study the extent to which the member countries' promotion systems can be further harmonized." Germany "Energy The draft program shows.
However, the EU is not so smooth in terms of infrastructure and infrastructure.
In the EU's envisaged pan-European energy infrastructure supply project, many projects are not suitable for companies to build because the project is not too risky or it will easily lead these companies to open the markets that they have successfully monopolized.
As a result, EU leaders have given the European Office a difficult task: to find out the way of corruption, the number of investments needed, and financial instruments, to make a report in June this year.
In this joint statement, countries also admitted that "some projects cannot attract sufficient marketization."
However, all this will be fundamentally changed in 2014. Out of concerns about energy security and future competitiveness, the European Union has inspired the determination to establish an integrated energy market.
The first EU summit this year, held on February 4, 2011, made unprecedented choice of energy as the central issue.
During the meeting, the low-profile European Council’s Van Rompuy hurriedly left a word on Twitter: “It is impractical to design energy policies in a single and purely national policy context. The European (Energy) framework is in Imperative."
Member States' ambitions After the Cancun Climate Change Conference in Mexico was held, the outside world was optimistic about the EU summit with energy issues at the core. Countries even lobbied the European Commission with their own advantages.
The EU member states have formulated strict emission reduction plans and long-term general energy policy strategies, among which Germany has taken the lead. They also put forward: “To advance into the era of renewable energy, we must adjust the energy structure around the world.â€
Germany has set an ambitious goal for this: With 1990 as the base year, greenhouse gas emissions will be reduced by at least 80% by 2050.
From the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology/Federal Ministry of Environment, the “Energy Program Draft†was obtained. Among them, Germany believes that “Germany should become one of the world’s most energy efficient and environmentally friendly national economies and must have competitive energy prices. We must also maintain a high level of affluence."
For this reason, the German government has formulated a long-term general strategy for energy policy, in order to create reliable conditions for the development of technology and the necessary investment.
The draft "Energy Plan" of Germany takes the 2050 as a long-term goal and takes into consideration the long investment cycle of the energy economy from 20 to 30 years. Therefore, the goal of climate protection policy is formulated every 10 years, and the goal of expanding the use of renewable energy and improving energy efficiency is given as a long-term positioning, but at the same time ensuring the necessary flexibility for new technological and economic development. .
Germany's draft Energy Plan states: "In the future, diversified energy sources, renewable energy should be the main part. Through this approach, in the process of vigorously developing diversified energy sources, renewable energy sources are gradually replacing conventional energy carriers. Nuclear energy that should be phased out is a transitional technology to this goal."
At present, the concrete action areas of the energy program include: renewable energy, energy efficiency, nuclear power and fossil fuel power plants, high-efficiency grid infrastructure and renewable energy grid-connected infrastructure, energy efficiency retrofitting of existing buildings and energy-saving buildings, transportation challenges, and energy The field of innovative research and new technology research, European and international cooperation in energy supply and so on.
Contrary to the German side's view that nuclear energy is a transitional technology and focuses on renewable energy technologies, France has focused its lobbying on the use of "nuclear energy" that it is more adept at.
Before the meeting, France urged EU leaders to support the use of low-carbon energy instead of renewable energy as a unified electricity market. The secret of this is that low-carbon energy power generation includes nuclear power generation, which will open the door to the French nuclear power company Areva.
Although EU environmentalists are concerned that low-carbon targets may eventually replace the goal of renewable energy, the European Commission officials finally expressed their concern in the statement. They stated that apart from investing in renewable energy, they will Support "safe and sustainable" development.
At the same time, Poland succeeded in persuading EU leaders to add statements in the final statement on the possibility of further evaluating the use of unconventional natural gas fuels such as shale.
“To further enhance supply security, Europe needs to assess potential conventional and unconventional (shale gas, oil shale) to fossil fuel resources for sustainable extraction and utilization.†The final text shows.
European energy business giants call for the establishment of an integrated power market The European Parliament once again called on the EU directors to increase their emission reduction targets for the next ten years to 30% in order to ensure European economic competitiveness.
Judging from the results of the meeting, the 2020 target has not been materialized, and there is no longer any worry about energy security for the goal of climate change reduction.
To achieve the goals of smart growth and sustainable growth proposed by the “Europe 2020 Strategyâ€, EU leaders focused on energy security issues in the EU economy.
At present, about half of the EU’s energy needs to be imported, ranking first in the world in imports, and relying heavily on Russia. This over-reliance on external energy sources and the absence of a single European Union energy market have created ** for the future development of the EU.
Lucas Bath, head of the European project of the Climate Group, told the First Financial Daily before the conference that from a commercial point of view, the victory of Cancun means that European companies have been rewarded with low-carbon investment returns. Rest assured that at the same time, European business groups will have the courage to call on the EU's ambitions.
On February 2nd, 20 industrial giants, including the Italian National Power Company, GE Energy, Siemens, Vestas, etc., jointly called on the EU leaders to show courage and foresight and create a single EU electricity market.
“The European legislative system provides (free) choice of electricity suppliers with options and guarantees, but only 5% of electricity in Europe belongs to transnational trade.†The above 20 companies stated in the statement, “The result of this transaction is low Efficiency competition: With coal prices, natural gas prices, or carbon prices rising in the future, electricity suppliers do not need to bear major risks or losses. This is unacceptable.â€
"A well-functioning European electricity market will have many benefits: Increased competition will, in the long run, reduce electricity prices and improve safety (and reduce the risk of blackouts)." The above statement stated that "it is possible to do without fuel at the same time." , do not cause pollution, and increase trading opportunities in power, and do not need to worry about their source."
"In order to achieve a single market for electricity, Europe needs infrastructure for the transmission of electricity in Europe and a set of common market rules." The above statement suggests.
At the EU leaders’ summit, the leaders of EU member states finally agreed that EU member states need to improve their ability to share energy supplies across borders, and reduce energy use while reducing their dependence on imported energy.
EU leaders particularly emphasized that in 2015, the EU will no longer be an isolated island of energy.
"After 2015, there should be no EU member states that continue to be isolated from European natural gas and electricity networks, or suffer from energy safety damages due to lack of proper connections," said the joint statement after the meeting.
In response to the demands of the business community, EU leaders also stated that the EU should invest more in building pipelines, and at the same time, in order to ensure reliable supply, it should also make more efforts to promote Russia to adopt more predictable behavior.
"In the development of partnership work with Russia, we should adopt a reliable, transparent and rules-based partnership as far as possible." EU leaders stated in a joint statement.
Difficult to follow, due to the EU's political authorization factors, EU diplomats often have very limited mandates when dealing with energy-related foreign affairs, and the borders are unclear.
EU Energy Council member Guenther Oettinger and EU High Representative for Diplomatic and Security Policy Ashton have hoped that EU leaders can award energy to Russia, Turkey, Central Asian countries and North African countries when dealing with energy issues. Greater diplomatic power.
For example, when dealing with the North Africa Desert Solar Energy Project or when processing the Caspian Sea to the European Energy Project (Nabucco Natural Gas Pipeline), strong support from the European Commission will increase the certainty of the above investment.
In response, European Union leaders asked the European Commission to submit a briefing on supply and international cooperation in June 2011 to further enhance the EU's coherence of external actions in the energy sector.
At the same time, in the implementation of the "unified market," EU countries have different rates.
In 2009, the European Union had passed a new law requiring all countries to open up their energy markets. This point was once again reinforced at this meeting. The deadline for the implementation of the new law is on March 3, 2011. Currently, half of EU countries have developed their energy markets, but France is one of the countries that are most reluctant to open up its domestic energy market.
Germany, on the other hand, has made detailed plans for the "energy draft", considering that the EU integrated network is the core of the internal energy market, and the expansion of the entire European network determines the speed of energy market integration.
To this end, Germany will be committed to building and expanding a European-wide integration network at the European level. Through the amendment of the Energy Economic Law, the third EU internal market package will be implemented in 2011. This way, the German electricity market The integration of competition conditions and domestic markets in each country will be further improved and the liberalization of internal markets will be promoted.
At the same time, Germany will improve the research and development of European integrated network planning initiatives and common network technology standards. Germany will actively participate in the design of the EU infrastructure package and study the extent to which the European legal framework can be refined to expand the European integrated network in areas where market-driven network expansion is insufficient, which is particularly suitable for facilitating corporate funding. And to expand the border network system in the power grid.
At the same time, the German government will further strengthen its cooperation with France, Netherlands, Belgium, and Lu in the Five-Party Energy Forum with the goal of preventing network bottlenecks. In line with the goal of promoting the formation of other regional mobile electricity markets, the German federal government will continue to cooperate with its neighboring countries in Central and Eastern Europe.
The German government will also engage in dialogue with Norwegian and Alpine countries with the participation of relevant companies in order to seek long-term cooperation with European partners in the supply of electricity, especially in terms of building and using reserve capacity.
Germany’s “Energy Program Draft†also judged that the prospects for development in Europe’s renewable electricity show that, in the long term, a large part of Germany’s renewable electricity demand will depend on imports. From the perspective of prospects, from North Africa The country's imported solar power in 2050 will contribute to Europe's future energy supply based on renewable energy.
Therefore, taking into account that storage conditions will be improved, in the long term, solar thermal power (CSP) will also be an important factor in ensuring that Germany will use on-demand renewable energy generation in the future.
"According to this policy and considering the experience accumulated in the EU's cross-border cooperation to promote the implementation of the Renewable Energy Cooperation Mechanism, we will study the extent to which the member countries' promotion systems can be further harmonized." Germany "Energy The draft program shows.
However, the EU is not so smooth in terms of infrastructure and infrastructure.
In the EU's envisaged pan-European energy infrastructure supply project, many projects are not suitable for companies to build because the project is not too risky or it will easily lead these companies to open the markets that they have successfully monopolized.
As a result, EU leaders have given the European Office a difficult task: to find out the way of corruption, the number of investments needed, and financial instruments, to make a report in June this year.
In this joint statement, countries also admitted that "some projects cannot attract sufficient marketization."