1 Overview

A planer is a machine tool that uses a planer to machine the surface of a workpiece. The tool and the workpiece are processed in relative linear motion, and are mainly used for processing various planes and grooves, and can also be used for processing of straight forming surfaces. According to their structure can be divided into the following types:

(1) Cantilever planer: A planer with a single column and a cantilever. The table reciprocates longitudinally along the bed rail. The vertical tool holder can move laterally along the cantilever rail and the side tool holder moves vertically along the column rail.

(2) Planer: It has double columns and beams. The table is longitudinally reciprocated along the guide rails of the bed. The columns and beams are equipped with movable side tool holders and vertical tool holders.

(3) The planer: The planer is mounted on the tool holder of the ram for the longitudinal reciprocating planer. Usually the workbench is used for horizontal or vertical intermittent feed motion.

(4) Inserting machine (planing machine): This type of machine tool reciprocates in the vertical plane, and the table performs the feeding motion.

A grinding machine is a machine tool that processes various surfaces of a workpiece with an abrasive or abrasive. Portal milling machines are generally used for grinding hardened surfaces of parts. Generally, the grinding tool rotates as the main motion, and the movement of the workpiece or the grinding tool is the feed motion. The application is extensive, the machining precision is high, the surface roughness Ra is small, and the grinding machine can be divided into more than ten kinds:

(1) Cylindrical grinding machine: It is a common type of basic type, mainly used for grinding grinding machines with cylindrical and conical outer surfaces.

(2) Internal grinding machine: It is a common type of basic type, mainly used for grinding grinding machines with cylindrical and conical inner surfaces.

(3) Coordinate grinding machine: an internal grinding machine with a precision coordinate positioning device.

(4) Centerless grinding machine: the workpiece adopts the centerless clamping, generally supported between the guide wheel and the bracket, and the workpiece is rotated by the guide wheel, which is mainly used for grinding the cylindrical surface.

(5) Surface Grinding Machine: A grinding machine mainly used for grinding the plane of a workpiece.

(6) Belt Grinding Machine: A grinding machine that grinds with a fast moving belt.

(7) Honing machine: A grinding machine for honing various surfaces of workpieces.

(8) Grinder: A grinding machine for grinding the inner or outer surface of a workpiece.

(9) Guide grinding machine: It is mainly used to grind the grinding machine surface of the machine tool.

(10) Tool Grinding Machine: Grinding machine for grinding tools.

(11) Multi-purpose grinding machine: a grinding machine for grinding cylindrical, conical inner and outer surfaces or planes, and capable of grinding a variety of workpieces with followers and accessories.

(12) Special grinding machine: special machine tool for grinding certain parts. According to its processing objects, it can be divided into: spline shaft grinding machine, crankshaft grinding machine, cam grinding machine, gear grinding machine, thread grinding machine, curve grinding machine and so on.

Drilling machine refers to a machine tool that mainly uses a drill bit to machine a hole in a workpiece. Usually the drill bit rotates for the main motion and the drill bit moves axially for the feed motion. The drilling machine has simple structure and relatively low machining precision. It can drill through holes and blind holes, replace special tools, and expand the cast iron platform, boring, reaming or tapping. Drilling machines can be divided into the following types:

(1) Bench Drilling Machine: A small drilling machine that can be placed on the workbench and the main shaft is vertically arranged.

(2) Vertical drilling machine: the headstock and the table are placed on the column, and the drilling machine is arranged vertically.

(3) Radial Drilling Machine: The rocker arm can be rotated and lifted around the column. Usually, the headstock can be used as a horizontally moving drilling machine on the rocker arm. It is suitable for machining large and different azimuth holes.

(4) Milling and drilling machine: The working table can be moved vertically and horizontally, the drill shaft is vertically arranged, and the drilling machine can be milled.

(5) Deep hole drilling machine: Granite plate uses special deep hole drill bit, workpiece rotation, drilling deep hole drilling machine.

(6) Flat-end central hole drilling machine: cutting shaft end face and central hole drilling machine processed by central drilling.

(7) Horizontal drilling machine: the drilling machine is arranged horizontally and the headstock can be moved vertically.

Boring machine refers to a machine tool that processes a prefabricated hole on a workpiece mainly with a boring tool. The scribing platform usually has a rake rotation as the main motion and a sickle or workpiece movement as the feed motion. It is mainly used for the machining of high-precision holes or finishing of multiple holes in one position. In addition, it can also be used for the processing of other machined surfaces related to hole finishing.

2. By structure and processed object

(1) Horizontal boring machine: The boring shaft is horizontally arranged and axially fed. The headstock moves vertically along the front pillar rail, and the table moves longitudinally or laterally for boring. This machine tool is widely used and economical. It is mainly used for the hole machining of box (or bracket) parts and other machining surfaces related to the hole.

(2) Coordinate boring machine: boring machine with precise coordinate positioning device, CNC gantry milling machine It is mainly used for boring size, shape, especially the hole system with high positional accuracy, and can also be used for precision coordinate measurement, sample scribe line, scale Waiting for work.

(3) Fine boring machine: A precision boring boring machine is made of a tool such as diamond or cemented carbide.

(4) Deep hole boring machine: a boring machine for boring deep holes.

(5) Floor boring machine: The workpiece is placed on the landing workbench, and the column moves longitudinally or laterally along the bed. Used to machine large workpieces.

There are also milling and boring machines for milling, inspection platforms or deep hole drilling and boring machines for drilling.

The lathe refers to a machine tool that rotates the workpiece as the main motion and the turning tool moves into the rotary surface of the feed motion. It can be used to machine a variety of rotary forming surfaces, such as: inner and outer cylindrical surface, inner and outer conical surface, internal and external threads and end faces, grooves, knurling and so on. It is the most widely used metal cutting machine in the world, with the longest production history and the most variety of machine tools. There are many types of lathes. According to their application, the structure can be divided into: instrument lathe, horizontal lathe, single-axis automatic lathe, multi-axis automatic and semi-automatic lathe, turret lathe, vertical lathe, multi-tool semi-automatic lathe, special lathe Wait. In recent years, computer technology has been widely used in the machine tool manufacturing industry, and there have been electromechanical integration products such as CNC lathes and turning machining centers.

Milling machine refers to a machine tool that mainly uses a milling cutter to machine various surfaces on a workpiece. Usually, the rotary motion of the milling cutter is the main motion, and the movement of the workpiece (and) milling cutter is the feed motion. It can process planes, grooves, and various surfaces, gears, and so on. There are many types of milling machines, and according to their structure, there are mainly:

(1) Bench milling machine: A small milling machine for milling small parts such as instruments and meters.

(2) Cantilever milling machine: milling machine with milling head mounted on the cantilever. The bed is horizontally arranged. The cantilever can usually move vertically along the column rail on one side of the bed, and the milling head moves along the cantilever rail.

(3) ram type milling machine: the milling machine with the spindle mounted on the ram, the bed is horizontally arranged, the ram can be moved laterally along the sliding saddle rail, and the sliding saddle can be moved vertically along the column guide.

(4) Gantry milling machine: The bed is horizontally arranged, and the columns and connecting beams on both sides constitute the milling machine of the gantry. The milling head is mounted on beams and columns and can be moved along its guide rails. Usually the beam can move vertically along the column rail and the table can be moved longitudinally along the bed rail. For large parts processing.

(5) Face milling machine: The cast iron plate is used for milling the plane and the forming surface of the milling machine. The bed is horizontally arranged. Usually the table moves longitudinally along the bed rail, and the spindle can move axially. It has a simple structure and high production efficiency.

(6) Copy milling machine: A milling machine that performs contouring on a workpiece. Generally used to machine complex shape workpieces.

(7) Elevator milling machine: A milling machine with a lifting platform that can move vertically along the rail of the bed. The table and saddle that are usually mounted on the lifting platform can be moved longitudinally and laterally, respectively.

(8) Rocker milling machine: The rocker arm is mounted on the top of the bed. The curved plate milling head is mounted on one end of the rocker arm. The rocker arm can be rotated and moved in the horizontal plane. The milling head can rotate the milling machine at a certain angle on the end face of the rocker arm.

(9) Bed-type milling machine: The worktable cannot be lifted and lowered, and can be moved longitudinally along the guide rail of the bed. The milling head or the column can be used as a vertical moving milling machine.

(10) Special milling machines: for example, tool milling machines: milling machines for milling tooling tools with high machining precision and complex machining shapes.

Popular speaking

The car is a machining shaft. disc. Thread

Milling is machining gear spline keyway

Planing is processing the keyway plane groove

Grinding is the inner and outer surface and plane of the machined circle

é•— is the processing of holes and planes

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