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(Image source: nrel official website)
According to foreign media reports, researchers from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and the United States Department of Energy’s Bioenergy Chemical Catalysis Alliance (ChemCatBio) and the Joint Optimization Fuel and Engine Program (Co-Optima) have joined forces to develop a new single-phase catalyst , To convert renewable carbon waste into sustainable diesel fuel.
Researchers use reductive etherification chemical methods to convert ethanol and ketone substrates extracted from microbial carboxylic acids into ether biofuels for mixing with traditional diesel. This continuous catalytic process is designed to reduce the production cost brought by batch chemistry. In addition, this new fuel has potential compatibility with infrastructure, and compared with diesel fuel, it can reduce greenhouse gas emissions, greatly reducing the potential risks of adopting new technologies. More importantly, as the demand for diesel rises, the use of this fuel helps to meet this demand in a sustainable way.
Last fall, the NREL and Co-Optima teams discovered a new type of bio-hybrid fuel with great development potential-4-butoxyheptane, which uses the oxygen in biomass to make diesel fuel with higher performance. The reductive etherification process uses a single-phase catalyst to produce 4-butoxyheptane more efficiently. Researcher Derek Vardon said: "Through this research, we hope to develop a new biofuel conversion process, which is suitable for renewable energy and waste-to-energy technologies."
In this project, researchers used reductive etherification technology to optimize single-phase catalysts for the development of renewable fuels for the first time. Researchers face challenges in the development process, because the catalyst must perform two functions at the same time, mixing metal sites and acid sites in one process. With the help of a commercial partner, the research team found the appropriate acidity in the catalyst carrier. At the same time, the research team used palladium metal nanoparticles to chemically link molecules together.
The single-phase catalyst has regeneration performance, which is a very promising feature. This type of chemical process can generate a biofuel that can not only be burned cleanly, but also has a low soot index. At the same time, it is worth mentioning that this catalyst can maintain long-term stability and even become more active during regeneration. For industrial catalysts, high stability is essential, because these catalysts must be used for several years to achieve sustainable economic and environmental development.
Researchers will continue to study and improve this process. Because palladium is very effective, but also very expensive. The team is exploring the functions of palladium to determine the specific usage. In addition, researchers are conducting tests to discover the performance of this type of catalyst when dealing with more complex waste materials. In addition to 4-butoxyheptane, these waste materials can also produce ether mixtures.
Vardon said: "In the future, we will cooperate with Argonne National Laboratory to observe what is happening on the surface from an atomic point of view to help us design the next high-performance, low-cost catalyst material." (Elisha)
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