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Storage and the development of China's use of ceramic materials <br> <br> overview of ceramic raw material is rich in mineral resources, mine ceramic raw materials distributed throughout the provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. In the long-term development and utilization practice, China's ceramic enterprises have accumulated rich technology and experience, and created great economic benefits, which are summarized as follows.
Ceramic clay: According to the latest statistics, more than 180 ceramic clay deposits have been discovered nationwide. Among them, kaolin deposits account for 29% of the country, followed by Jiangsu, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Fujian and other provinces. The proven reserves have reached more than 10 million tons. Longyan, Fujian Province has discovered the largest kaolin mine in China, with a reserve of 54 million tons. The reserves of porcelain stone are the largest in Jiangxi and Hunan, and the reserves of Ma Mugou in Fuling, Hunan Province reach 100 million tons. Among the reserves of clay, Xinjiang is the most, and only the reserves of clay mines in Tasku have reached 170 million tons. In addition, Jilin, Jiangsu, Jiangxi and other provinces have concentrated 75% of the country's clay reserves. As a clay material for plastics, it can be used in ceramics, glazes, pigments and other formulations. In addition to the production of ceramic products, kaolin raw materials are widely used in various applications such as coatings for coatings in the paper industry and building materials.
Quartz: Quartz has a large amount of reserves on the earth. It is a non-plastic ceramic raw material in the ceramic industry. It can be used in the formulation of ceramic products such as blanks and glazes. China's high-quality quartz resources are abundant, with Hunan, Jiangxi, Hebei, Fujian and other provinces being the most abundant. They usually exist in the form of crystal, vein quartz, quartzite, quartz sandstone, quartz sand, vermiculite, diatomaceous earth, sea pebbles and powder quartz. The chemical composition of quartz is mainly silica. Quartz is the main raw material in the ceramic body, which can reduce the plasticity of the ceramic mud, reduce the drying shrinkage of the body, shorten the drying time and prevent the deformation of the body. In the firing, the thermal expansion of the quartz can partially offset the shrinkage of the green body; at high temperature, the quartz becomes the skeleton of the green body, and the mullite is formed together with the alumina to prevent the soft body from being softened and deformed; the quartz can also improve the whiteness of the porcelain. Degree and translucency. Quartz can increase the melting temperature and viscosity of the glaze in the glaze, reduce the expansion coefficient of the glaze, and also improve the mechanical strength, hardness, wear resistance and chemical resistance of the glaze.
Flux material: Generally refers to a material that can reduce the firing temperature of the ceramic glaze and promote the sintering of the product. Commonly used flux materials in the ceramic industry are feldspar potassium feldspar, albite, calcite, dolomite, talc, fluorite, and lithium-containing minerals. China's feldspar resources are distributed in Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Guangxi, Guangdong, Henan, Hebei, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia and other places. The feldspar is a non-plastic raw material before firing, which can reduce the shrinkage and deformation of the green body and improve the strength of the dry blank. Feldspar is the flux material of the billet glaze, which accounts for 25% of the billet and 50% of the glaze. The main function of feldspar is to reduce the firing temperature; in the firing, the feldspar molten glass can fill the voids between the green particles and promote the melting of other mineral raw materials; the feldspar raw materials can also make the green body dense and improve the ceramic products. Mechanical strength, electrical properties and translucency. Among various ceramic products, feldspar is an indispensable common ceramic raw material.
Carbonate flux raw materials: As the main ceramic flux raw material, there are many kinds of carbonate flux materials. They are calcium carbonate, calcite, marble, dolomite, magnesite magnesium carbonate, limestone and the like. Carbonate flux raw materials are widely distributed in China. Such as calcite, limestone, all parts of China have produced. Limestone is distributed in Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi and the southwestern Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou and other provinces; the areas producing calcite are Hubei Hubei Xifeng Xianfeng, Jiangxi Pingxiang and Jingdezhen, Hunan Xiangtan; major production of magnesite The area is concentrated in Haicheng and Yingkou, Liaoning Province, with reserves accounting for more than 80% of the country, about one quarter of the world's production. In addition, raw materials for magnesite are produced in Shandong, Hebei, Sichuan, Gansu, Tibet and Qinghai. The main component of the carbonate flux raw material, calcium carbonate, mainly acts as a flux in the ceramic blank glaze. Especially in ceramic tiles, limestone, calcite and marble are used in an amount of between 5 and 15%. Used in the glaze can increase the hardness and wear resistance of the glaze; increase the corrosion resistance of the glaze; reduce the high temperature viscosity of the glaze and increase the gloss of the glaze. Carbonate flux materials are used in many building sanitary ceramic products.
Magnesium silicate raw materials: Liaoning, Shandong, Inner Mongolia, Guangxi, Hunan, Yunnan and other places. The raw materials of this type mainly include talc, serpentine and forsterite. In the ceramic industry, talc has a wide range of applications, and can produce high-grade daily-use ceramic products, electric porcelain, and special ceramic products with high whiteness and good transparency. After adding talc to the building sanitary ceramics, the firing temperature can be lowered, the firing range can be expanded, and the translucency and thermal stability of the product can be improved. When talc is added to the glaze, cracking of the glaze can be prevented and the opacity of the glaze can be increased. And can expand the firing range of glaze and improve the yield.
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