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Potassium is an essential element for crop growth and development, but most farmers have not yet formed the habit of actively using chemical potash. According to the survey, more than 60% of cultivated land in Pinglu County needs potassium supplementation, and the application of potash has become an important technology for agricultural production.
First, the role of potassium fertilizer Potassium is a very active element in plants, mainly distributed in the most active organs and tissues, is the activator of a variety of enzymes . The main functions are: promoting photosynthesis, conducive to protein synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, symbiotic nitrogen fixation, etc., thereby improving the fertilizer efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer, accelerating the flow and accumulation of synthetic products, and increasing production. Activate a variety of enzymes to make crops grow robust and improve crop resistance to freezing, drought, disease and lodging.
Second, the symptoms of potassium deficiency in crops are usually yellowish leaf margins, which are browned and burnt like burns; brown spots or plaques appear on the leaves, but the middle leaves, veins and veins near the veins remain green, with the degree of potassium deficiency Intensified, the entire blade turns reddish brown or dry, with necrotic shedding and some curling downwards. The most obvious victims of roots, short and small, easy to premature aging, severe rot, easy to crop lodging. When the cereal crops are deficient in potassium, the lower leaves show brown spots, and in the severe case, the same symptoms appear in the upper new leaves. The leaves are soft and drooping, and the stems are short and thin. The cruciferous and leguminous crops, as well as cotton and other leaves, firstly showed chlorosis between the veins, and then turned yellow, showing the variegated leaves. In severe cases, the leaf margins were curled downward, the brown spots developed inward along the veins, and the leaf epidermal tissue was dehydrated. Shrinking, the leaves are arched and gradually fall off. Potassium deficiency symptoms are tip from the beginning, while the leaf base often remain dark green, sometimes there are similarities with other symptoms, it is not easy to determine. It should be determined by means of soil and plant test analysis.
Third, the main varieties of the common chemical species potassium potash are: potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, fertilizer, sulfuric acid, potassium, magnesium and the like.
　　 1. Potassium chloride fertilizer has two kinds of white and red, soluble in water, has certain hygroscopicity, and will agglomerate when stored for a long time. Potassium chloride fertilizer commonly found in the market generally contains about 60% of potassium oxide .
　　 2. Potassium sulfate fertilizer is white crystal or powder, soluble in water, long-term storage is not easy to agglomerate, it is a fertilizer containing both potassium and sulfur, generally containing about 50% of potassium oxide .
　　 3. The color of potassium nitrate fertilizer is white, soluble in water, easy to absorb moisture, easy to agglomerate, low ignition point and easy to explode. It is both nitrogen and potassium fertilizer, typically containing 45% potassium, 13% of nitrogen. Because of the relatively high price of potassium nitrate fertilizer, it is used in small field food crops, mainly on tobacco, fruits, vegetables and other cash crops.
　　 4. potassium dihydrogen phosphate as white crystals, soluble in water, both contain a potassium and phosphorus containing fertilizers, typically containing 27% potassium hydroxide, phosphorus pentoxide containing about 22%. In practical applications, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is mainly used for soaking and foliar application.
　　 5. Compound fertilizer Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizers contain a certain proportion of potash fertilizer, and the content varies depending on the formula. The raw material of potassium fertilizer in compound fertilizer is mainly potassium chloride. Therefore, when farmers buy compound fertilizer, they must pay attention to the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
Fourth, potash application of technology in recent years, according to the monitoring of nutrients in arable land, flat land County potassium arable area has expanded each year, more than about 60% of the arable land needed potassium. Therefore, the following points should be noted when applying potassium fertilizer:
　　 1. Determine whether potassium fertilizer is needed according to the abundance of potassium in the soil. Based on soil analysis tests and available data, determine whether the soil potassium content is below the critical value, usually the soil effective potassium content of 100 mg / kg is the critical value. However, according to our repeated tests, the effective potassium content of the soil is more than 150 mg / kg, and the application of potassium fertilizer still has an effect of increasing yield.
　　 2. Determine how much potassium fertilizer is applied based on the amount of potassium in the soil and the yield of the crop. At the same time, it is necessary to modify the fertilization parameters in light of local conditions. Target production should take into account the impact of the local environment, rainfall and other natural environments.
　　 3. Apply potassium fertilizer at the same time, and mix nitrogen and phosphorus at the same time. Potash and other fertilizers to organic manure, nitrogen, phosphorus and the like with the administration, in order to play better results.
　　 4. Foliar application of potassium fertilizer. When not administered or potassium potash fertilizer is not enough, crop emergence SYMPTOM, 0.5% to 1.0% solution may be potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the like spraying.
　　 5. Potassium sulphate is suitable for all kinds of soils and crops. It can be used as base fertilizer, seed fertilizer, top dressing, strip application, acupoint application and spraying. Potassium chloride is suitable for the soil other than saline, and should avoid chlorine in tobacco and other crops of administration, to avoid increasing the salinity of reducing tobacco combustion. Potassium chloride is generally used as the base fertilizer before sowing.
6. General dosage. Different regions and different crops suitable amount of potassium, hydroxide of Grain administration normally takes 10 to 15 kg / acre, potato, fruit and vegetables, etc. hi potassium or demand large amount of potassium hydroxide applied to the crop usually takes 15 ~ 20 kg / mu.
V. Effect of Potassium Fertilizer based on years of testing, the rational application of fertilizer, not only can increase crop yields, but also to improve product quality crops. Under normal circumstances, 1 kg of potassium oxide can increase corn production by 6.5 to 9.8 kg, lint 2.0 to 3.0 kg, wheat 6.2 to 9.3 kg, rape 2.2 to 3.3 kg, peanut 3.2 to 4.9 kg, and fruit 15.7 to 21.3 kg. At the same time, the protein content of food crops can be increased by 0.9% to 2% , the crude fat content by 2.5% to 5.5% , the fat content of oil crops by 0.5% to 2.1% , the cotton clothing by 0.05% to 1.9% , and the fiber length by 0.32. ~ 2.5 mm, finger index increased by 0.37% ~ 0.8% , fiber strength was significantly enhanced; fruit and vegetable vitamin C content increased by 1.86 mg / kg on average , reducing sugar content increased by 0.265 g / 100 g, acidity decreased by an average of 0.024% , nitrate content decreased by 37.8 % , and can improve the shape, size, color and flavor of fruit vegetables, and enhance their storability.
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