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Recently, the Ministry of Land and Resources released a message: a major breakthrough in the investigation of the Huangyangshan graphite mine in Xinjiang has opened up a new field of magmatic rock-type crystalline graphite ore prospecting, which is expected to become China's new crystalline graphite resource development base. Graphite is classified into crystalline graphite and cryptocrystalline graphite. The cryptocrystalline graphite has a high grade, but the selectivity is poor. Generally, it is smashed after being selected, and the use value is not as good as that of crystalline graphite. The crystalline graphite has a low grade and is mainly used as a raw material for extracting high-purity graphite products. The crystalline graphite has the most industrial value and is the main type of graphite used in industrial use at home and abroad, while crystalline graphite is superior in the proportion of large scales. Crystalline graphite resources is one of the 24 strategic mineral resources in China, and it is also one of the key targets for the supervision of mineral resources in China. China's crystalline graphite resources are unevenly distributed, and crystalline graphite resources are scarce in some regions. I. Status of graphite resources 1. Global distribution of graphite resources is concentrated. The relative distribution of graphite minerals is relatively concentrated. Crystalline graphite ore is mainly contained in China, Ukraine, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Brazil and other countries; cryptocrystalline graphite ore is mainly distributed in India, South Korea, Mexico and Austria. Most countries produce only one type of graphite, both Chinese crystalline and cryptocrystalline graphite are produced, and there are many large deposits. Turkey is the world's richest source of graphite resources. In 2015, Turkey's proven graphite reserves were 90 million tons, accounting for 39.1% of the global total. Secondly, Brazil has proven reserves of 72 million tons, accounting for 31.3% of the global total. Then China, 55 million tons, accounting for 24% of the global total. 2. China has two kinds of graphite ore at the same time, but the distribution is uneven. China's graphite minerals mainly include two types: scaly (crystalline) graphite and cryptocrystalline graphite, mainly scaly crystal type, followed by cryptocrystalline type. . From the perspective of regional distribution, Heilongjiang Province is the most, and Sichuan and Shandong graphite mines are also abundant. In the past 20 years, the reserves of crystalline graphite in China have increased, but the high-quality graphite reserves of large scales have been reduced to less than 5 million tons. (1) Scale (crystal) graphite distribution According to the statistics of the Ministry of Land and Resources, China's crystalline graphite reserves amounted to 45.3 million tons (minerals), and the identified resource reserves were 174.94 million tons (minerals). Among them, Heilongjiang has the most abundant reserves; Shanxi, Sichuan, Shandong and other provinces are also rich. (2) Distribution of cryptocrystalline graphite The basic reserves of cryptocrystalline graphite in China are 8.18 million tons (ore), and the resource reserves are 27.3 million tons (ore). In terms of geographical distribution, Inner Mongolia has identified the largest reserves of resources, followed by Hunan and Guangdong. Second, Baibaodi Xinjiang graphite mine has broken through, it is expected to change the resource pattern 1. The beautiful scenery of treasures - Xinjiang mineral resources overview Xinjiang is one of the provinces with the richest mineral resources in China, with all kinds of mineral resources, large reserves, development prospects broad. According to statistics, more than 4,000 mineral deposits and 13 minerals have been discovered in Xinjiang. There are 117 kinds of minerals with proven reserves, among which five are the first in China; 24 are in the top five in China; 43 in the top 10 in the country, and the potential value of major mineral reserves in Xinjiang is 1.5572 trillion yuan. Ranked sixth in the country. At present, 41 important ore belts and 264 prospecting targets have been discovered and delineated, and 73 census evaluation bases have been provided, and 8 large-scale development bases have been formed. 2, strategic minerals - a major breakthrough in graphite ore Whether it is scale (crystalline) graphite or cryptocrystalline graphite, the distribution in China is very uneven. The Huangyangshan graphite mine in Qitai County, Xinjiang is the first superlarge magmatic rock crystalline graphite mine discovered in China. Experts have identified two ore bodies newly discovered in the I-1 prospecting target area, and estimated a total of 72.64 million tons of crystalline graphite mineral resources, reaching the scale of super-large deposits. The research results show that the fixed carbon content of raw ore is 6.15%, the graphite slice diameter is +0.15mm, which accounts for 23%, and the ore is selectable. The total recovery rate of fixed carbon in graphite concentrate is 94.87%, of which graphite film diameter +0.15mm accounts for 12.01%. The fixed carbon content is 90.17%, and the graphite sheet diameter is -0.15mm. The fixed carbon content is 95.15%, which has a good prospect of development and utilization. The distribution of graphite resources in China is “too much in the eastâ€, and this discovery has changed the distribution pattern of graphite resources in China. It is expected to become a large crystalline graphite ore base in China. 3, graphite is not scarce, it is a strategic mineral reason (1) graphite "strategic" is not only resource scarce minerals, it can become a strategic mineral resource. Although the reserves of graphite resources are relatively abundant, due to the special geological origin and nature, it has always been an indispensable strategic resource for the development of military and modern industries and high, new and legal technologies. Compared to its excellent properties, special generation conditions make graphite a valuable non-renewable resource. In 2010, the European Commission identified 14 minerals as key mineral raw materials based on the study of 46 minerals around the world. Nine of them are mainly produced in China (锑, fluorite, antimony, graphite, rare earth, tungsten, gallium, Indium, Magnesium); In 2013, the US RAND Corporation released the "Report on Key and Strategic Minerals Threatening the US Manufacturing Industry", which also listed graphite as one of the strategic minerals that are difficult to obtain. (2) National key protection, avoiding becoming the second “rare earth†China is also the largest exporter of graphite. According to the US Geological Survey, the global natural graphite production in 2013 was 1.19 million tons, of which China produced 810,000 tons, accounting for 68% of global production, ranking first in the world and 95% in the EU. Graphite comes from China, and China has become the world's largest supplier of natural graphite. The price of high-quality phosphorus flake graphite raw materials exported by China is 3,000-5,000 yuan per ton. After being purified and processed by foreign countries and imported into China, the price jumps to 100,000 to 200,000 yuan per ton. This low-cost export situation is similar to another important mineral in China: rare earth. The technological blockade in developed countries, coupled with China’s ignoring the development of non-metallic mining, has led to the late development of China’s graphite industry and has been in the status of raw material supply, which has led to an urgent need to plan the focus of graphite mines. It is imperative to protect the national graphite resources. In November 2016, the National Mineral Resources Planning (2016-2020) approved by the State Council (hereinafter referred to as the “Planningâ€) included 24 minerals such as oil, natural gas and graphite for the first time in the strategic minerals catalogue. The policy protection guidelines have improved the resource security supply capacity and development and utilization level, and strengthened the ability to respond to international major conflict resources. It is hoped that the situation of the loss of rare earth resources will no longer occur.
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