"Diamond Key" opens the door to Molecular Magnetic Resonance Research

At present, magnetic resonance technology has been widely used in various fields such as basic research and medical applications because it can accurately and quickly and non-destructively acquire the composition and structural information of substances.

However, the current general-purpose magnetic resonance spectrometer is subject to detection methods. The research object is usually billions of molecules, the imaging resolution is only on the order of millimeters, and the unique information of a single molecule cannot be observed.

Recently, the research team led by Du Jiangfeng, a professor at the University of Science and Technology of China, applied quantum technology to the study of single protein molecules. Using a special structure in diamonds as a probe, the world's first single protein was obtained for the first time at room temperature under atmospheric conditions. Molecular magnetic resonance spectrum. This result makes it possible to use diamond-based high-resolution nano-magnetic resonance imaging diagnostics.

The research results were published in Science on March 6th, and the "Science" column of the "Science" column reported that "this work is a milestone in real-time imaging of single protein molecules in living cells."

Previous studies have shown that new diamond-based magnetic resonance technology can advance research to single molecules and increase imaging resolution to nanoscale. But achieving this goal faces many challenges, mainly because single-molecule signals are too weak to detect.

Later, Du Jiangfeng's research team used nitrogen-vacancy site defects in diamonds as quantum probes (hereafter referred to as "diamond probes") to select an important protein in cell division as a target. First, the protein is separated from the cell and the label (nitroxyl radical) is immobilized at a specific position of the protein, and then the protein molecule is placed on the surface of the diamond. At this time, the label is about 10 nm away from the "diamond probe", which is generated. It is only a very weak magnetic signal equivalent to one-sixteenth of the earth's magnetic field. The "diamond probe" has the ability to sense extremely weak magnetic signals. Under laser and microwave manipulation, it forms a quantum sensor that converts a single-molecule signal into an optical signal for detection.

After more than two years of hard work, they successfully obtained the magnetic resonance spectrum of a single protein molecule for the first time under room temperature atmospheric conditions, and obtained the kinetics of this protein molecule by comparing the characteristics of multiple sets of magnetic resonance spectra under different magnetic fields. nature.

Subsequently, Science magazine selected the work as the highlight of the current period and accompanied it with a special article, praising its “achieving a lofty goal” “to effectively overcome the difficulties of purifying and growing single crystals when measuring the molecular structure of proteins in the past, and In-situ detection of single protein molecules in cells is a milestone in real-time imaging of single protein molecules in living cells.

Previously, Du Jiangfeng Group has successfully detected two 13C nuclear spins in diamond, and resolved the spatial orientation of these two isotopic atoms by atomic resolution by characterizing their interaction intensity, to single-core spin magnetic resonance spectroscopy. And imaging has taken an important step.

In addition, Professor Du Jiangfeng, through cooperation with the German-American research group, detected proton signals in (5nm)3 organic samples and made breakthroughs in nanoscale nuclear magnetic resonance technology. In the same period, the "Science" column of "Science" was commented as "a diamond-based nanomagnetic probe that detects the detectable volume of magnetic resonance imaging to a single protein molecule level."

It is understood that this research not only advances the research object of magnetic resonance technology from billions of molecules to a single molecule, and the relaxed experimental environment of "room temperature atmosphere" provides the future application of this technology in the field of life sciences and other fields. Conditions make high-resolution nano-magnetic resonance imaging and diagnosis possible.

"The most direct use of this technology is to detect its structural and kinetic properties without affecting the properties of the protein, and to study protein molecules directly on the cell membrane or in cells." Du Jiangfeng said that this is great for life science research. Attractive.

Therefore, this technology is expected to help people explore the mechanism of life and material science from a deeper level of single molecules, and has far-reaching significance for many subject areas such as physics, biology, chemistry, and materials.

According to reports, based on this, combined with scanning probes, high gradient magnetic fields and other technologies, the technology can be applied to single molecule imaging, structural analysis, dynamics monitoring in the field of life and materials, and even directly into the interior of the cell for microscopic analysis. Magnetic resonance research.

The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.

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