Silicone Challenges Graphene - A silicon atom thick silicon wafer will have a great deal

Since scientists discovered graphene in 2004, a wave of research on graphene has swept the world. Graphene is a two-dimensional material with only one carbon atom thickness. It is not only the thinnest known material, it is also very firm and hard, and its electrical conductivity is excellent. Most scientists believe that graphene, a nanomaterial, can be The use of thinner, faster electronic devices is expected to revolutionize the status quo in computing, electronics and medicine.

However, there are also scientists who do not allow graphene to the United States. According to a recent report by the Physicist Organization Network, several research teams have claimed that they have developed the same thin silicon-only silicon (silicone), and they believe that compared with graphene, silicon The application potential of the resin is not inferior, but also helps scientists to develop smaller and faster electronic devices. However, the scientific community has caused a lot of controversy as to who is the first to synthesize silicones.

Silicone is no worse than graphene

In electronics, small is fast. Scientists are racking their brains to make traditional silicon-based electronic devices smaller and smaller, but when these devices approach the limit of single-atom size, they all begin to fail. Therefore, manufacturers need to find solutions to develop electronic devices that will run faster in the future. They stated that since silicone and graphene are both two-dimensional structures, they all can work at a single atomic size, so silicones are expected to become their "savior."

“The silicone resin is expected to bring people to the ultimate size limit, so it is extremely important,” said Locke Wenleiyan, director of the Department of Physics and Electronic Engineering at Wright State University in Dayton, Ohio. In 2007, he created silicene. This term.

Wen Leiyan said that compared with graphene, the advantage of silicone is that it has a unique structure. In silicon, several silicon atoms are distributed above and below the main two-dimensional surface, and the electrons in the upper and lower regions have different energy levels. The applied voltage allows the electrons to cross the energy gap and let the silicon resin Can change between "on" and "off" states.

In this way, electronic devices made of silicone can reliably exhibit the key on-off function of the transistor (the basic element of the computer). Now, graphene has taken the lead and has made many breakthroughs in this area. It is slowly becoming the basic component of the transistor manufacturing process with its “silent” attitude.

According to Guy Lehner of the University of Marseille in Aix-en-France, “The electronics industry is currently shifting from carbon-based (graphene)-based to silicon-based. In theory, it is very good to transfer graphene. But it's also very complicated."

Lehne explained that because the current infrastructure for manufacturing electronic devices is based on silicon, whether or not they are fully embracing the graphene, which will become the basis for the development of ultra-fast processors in the future, at this point, the manufacture of electronic devices. Businessmen are very hesitant, and silicones are in their time, providing manufacturers with attractive applications.

Lehne said that he and his colleagues synthesized silicones for the first time. Research papers were published in the journal Physical Review Letters. Next they will study how to use silicon to make transistors, and hope to develop the first silicon transistor in the next two years or so.

"Father of silicone" controversial

Although the Le Nei team claimed that they first synthesized silicone, this claim was refuted by other research teams.

According to reports, the research teams in China and Japan also recently announced the synthesis of silicone resins. Moreover, as early as 2010, a research team stated in the magazine “Applied Physics Express” published at the end of the year that they had synthesized silicon for the first time. Resin. However, Leone said that the evidence provided by the 2010 study did not provide sufficient evidence for the team he led.

Abu Dekad Kara, a theoretical physicist specializing in silicones at the University of Central Florida, said that "Lee wanted to be the father of silicone, but he was not." ”

Although the Carla team claimed that they had synthesized silicones in 2010, they only used one test method to prove their own conclusions. It was a picture taken with a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). Scanning tunneling microscopes rely on quantum mechanical effects to provide atomic level images that provide more detail than ordinary microscopes.

Le Nei team believes that such images are deceptive. The results of the 2010 study did not prove that the Kara team had synthesized silicone.

Lehner pointed out that most scientists who study silicones have tried to grow silicone on silver because the interaction between silver atoms and silicon atoms is not strong, although this method can make silicone independent on the silver base. Molding, but it may be difficult to distinguish real silicone flakes from silver structures.

Patrick Vogt, a silicone expert at the Technical University of Berlin in Berlin, another leader of the Leone Research Group, said: “There are some deceptive things on the surface of silver. The surface of silver can simulate silicone. The surface of the honeycomb, but the real silicone structure does not look like this."

However, Carla countered that they had enough evidence that they had synthesized silicone in 2010. The evidence includes how the silver atoms align themselves with the silver pedestal at an angle; in addition, the silver surface itself cannot form the honeycomb structure revealed by the microscope image.

Karaddin said: "Sweeping tunnel microscopy images are deceptive, of course, but we conducted very careful inspections, so the paper was accepted and published."

However, Le Nei and Vogt were not satisfied with the Kara team's answer. To ensure that they have really made silicone, they used several methods to analyze the resulting sample. They measured their electrical and chemical properties and compared the actual picture with theoretical predictions. Lehne said that multiple sources of evidence are needed to prove that silicone has been truly synthesized.

In addition, the team also found that compared with the 2010 results, the distances they observed for silicon atoms are more consistent with theoretical predictions.

Carla's team has made important progress in silicone research, but he said that Le Nei team is not enough to become the "silicon father", they should be.

Wen Leiyan does not belong to the Kara team and does not belong to Le Nei team. He acknowledged that there are still many differences between the 2010 conclusions and the theoretical predictions, so it is not yet clear who was the first to synthesize silicones, and the number of research teams claiming to synthesize silicones is increasing. Let this be An argument becomes more complicated.

Practical applications still face challenges

Although it was not clear who was the first to synthesize silicone, the researchers reached a consensus on the next research idea. They said that in order to fully utilize the performance of silicone, physicists need to grow the silicone on an insulating material that does not conduct electricity like silver. Once silicon can be grown on insulators, scientists will be more likely to develop silicon semiconductors and other devices.

Lehne said that silicone equipment can be used to significantly increase processing speed, but related research also faces some major challenges. He said: "There is still a long way to go from the current achievement to practical application." (Reporter Liu Xia, General External Power)

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