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Foreword:
Beijing Electric Processing Research Institute is an old research institute with long history and brilliant achievements in special processing equipment and process research and development. In recent years, in order to meet the needs of the market, we are constantly developing new products. The project I participated in. Micro-precision wire-cutting machine is one of them. Micro-wire cutting is the design idea of ​​absorbing foreign slow-moving wire machine. There are many innovative new fast-cut wire cutting machines, which use horizontal wire-traveling, light structure and suitable for precision. Processing of small parts, such as watch parts, test samples, etc. In order to cooperate with the development of new machine tools, the author developed a set of wire cutting programming control software, which was originally developed under DOS. During the test, many defects were found. WINDOWS system Good graphical interface, perfect multi-tasking ability and memory management ability make the author completely abandon the original program and re-develop a new system. This system can be used not only for electric machining machines, but actually it is slightly modified, the application surface Very broad, this article is the introduction of the main points of this system.
As an important branch of mechanical special processing, electric machining technology has played an extremely important role in industrial production since its birth. In recent years, with the rapid development of computer technology, digital control technology for electric machining has also leapfrogged. Improvement, the author developed a set of wire cutting programming control software on the windows platform because of the needs of the work, and has been applied in practice. This system has been used in the wire cutting CNC transformation project of many factories and the firm In the trial production of new products, the effect is good and the work is stable. Now it is briefly introduced as follows.
The system consists of two independent software. Its module diagram is shown in the drawing. One is the automatic cutting software for line cutting. This software is compiled with DELPHI. Its main function is to automatically generate the NC code of the wire cutting machine and generate corresponding Process diagrams and process cards, while supporting DNC, directly transfer code to the controller by the computer. Its working process is as follows:
1. Firstly, the general CAD system, such as autocad, generates the geometry of the part to be processed. Output the standard dxf file.
2. The dxf file is read by the automatic programming software. Under the instruction of the processing wizard, the process parameters are picked up by the mouse, and the threading point, the cutting element and the cutting direction are selected. The computer automatically generates the processing chain table according to the selection, and the processing chain table is Generate NC code.
3. Through the simulation module, read in the newly generated NC code, input the process parameters, simulate the machining, and check the code error.
4. The computer automatically generates the process map and process card, which is printed out by the printer.
5. Transfer the code to the control unit via disk or DNC.
The advantages of this programming software are:
a. Using the windows platform, the available memory is almost unlimited, freeing the length limitation of the NC code of the past line cutting programming software.
b. Support multi-tasking, can be programmed while cutting. And these are completely managed by the operating system, safe and reliable.
c. Provide a variety of programming modes, support multiple processing, multi-row cavity processing, to meet the special process needs of various parts.
d. The interface is a Windows standard interface, easy to learn, very friendly.
The difficulty in developing this programming software is:
* Implementation of the interface between CAD and CAM:
CNC machine tool programming, first of all to establish the geometric model of the machined parts. Now the general CAD platform can be very convenient and quick to generate geometric models. Thus, the interface between CAM and CAD becomes very important. DXF files are the majority The text file format supported by the CAD platform is completely open to the public. It is a good tool for CAD and CAM interfaces. Now the visual language provides good file operation support, rich controls and low-level functions. The tool can easily interface between CAD and CAM.
* The process parameters are combined with the geometry path to generate the NC code:
The geometric path information generated by CAD is not enough to generate the NC code for part machining. According to the needs of various CNC machine tools, different process information is also required. For wire cutting machine tools, you also need to input threading points, cutting points, cutting. Direction, offset and other process information. Since this software runs on the WINDOWS platform, its good graphical interface can give full play to the programmer's imagination. In this software, I designed a processing wizard, under its guidance, The operator can easily input the process parameters.
This program stores the processing information in a linked list, including geometric path information and process information. When the process parameters are input, the linked list is generated. The program travels once along the linked list, and the code is generated.
* NC code translation and simulation processing:
After the NC code is generated, in order to ensure the correctness of the NC program and reduce the processing scrap rate, computer simulation processing is also required. It is necessary to convert the NC code into processing information to generate a processing linked list. This is actually equivalent to compiling the program source code. The process of machine code, so the theory of the compiler principle can be applied to this. I developed an NC code compiler that scans two times, through lexical analysis, parsing, and can convert NC code into processing information. Generate the processing chain table. With the processing chain table, the geometrical path can be formed by the interpolation module, and then the computer animation technology can be used to reflect the processing situation.
* Process card and process map generation:
The WINDOWS system provides great convenience for the use of peripherals. Its device independence has irked the distress of many programmers. This program uses the print controls provided in DELPHY, and simultaneously programs the CANVAS of PRINTER to automatically generate process cards and Process diagram, making full use of computer computing and drawing capabilities.
* DNC computer direct transmission
This program can directly send the code to the control machine through the photoelectric paper tape interface of the control machine, which provides great convenience for the transformation of the old machine tool. At the same time, it also provides a solution for the network of the new machine tool.
Another software for this system is the wire cutting control software. Its key controls are compiled by VC, and the interface is compiled with delphi. The switch control uses inline assembly. In the cnc system under windows, the key problem to be solved is that the windows system prohibits the application from directly accessing the hardware. In order to enter the ring0 layer, the software has compiled a special virtual device driver.
The main functions of this control software are:
1. Read the nc code and provide editing and editing functions.
2. A manual console is provided to manually move the machine at three speeds.
3. Can be graphically simulated, or can be simulated.
4. When processing, you can directly control the high-frequency power supply, and you can also pause the feed. At the same time, there is speed and status display.
5. Provide automatic clearance compensation.
6. Because it is running on the windows platform, it naturally has multi-tasking ability. While cutting, you can freely perform other operations, you can play games or watch vcd.
The difficulty in developing this control software is:
1. To provide an NC code editor:
This code editor has all the functions of a simple word processor. Previously in the DOS state, this is a very tedious task. On the WINDOWS platform, with the DELPHY VCL control, this becomes a very easy job. All functions of the code editor can be easily implemented using DELPHY's RICHEDIT control.
2. With manual console:
Previously in the DOS state, manual speed control relied on software delay, you need to design a loop subroutine, empty loop to generate delay, wasting CPU time. On the WINDOWS platform, using DELPHY's TIMER control, you can control the machine speed more accurately. At the same time, because the WINDOWS system does not shield the IO port access to the application, you can use the inline assembly to directly control the motion of the stepper motor. Since the TIMER control is actually interrupted during use, it is far from CPU usage. Less than DOS.
3. Interpolation module:
For the CNC system, the interpolation module is a very important part. In order to meet the requirements of high precision, the program uses 0.1um as a pulse equivalent, for various precision requirements, with multiple interpolation, one feed. Ways to solve the difference in precision between CNC system and mechanical system.
4. Interrupt control under WINDOWS:
Under the WINDOWS system, the application of the hardware interrupt is shielded by the application. In order to obtain the control of the system ring0 level, it is necessary to develop the device driver. VtoolsD is a good driver development environment, which can easily compile the driver and avoid the cumbersome Assembly language.
In short, this system runs on the windows platform, making full use of the characteristics of the windows system, and exploring a new path for the development of the electric machining CNC system.
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