How to apply scientific fertilizer in Northwest China

The northwestern region includes Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi and the western part of Inner Mongolia. It is an important grain and cotton oil production base in China. The mountainous areas, plateaus and basins in this area are distributed, and the climate spans three major areas: inland arid areas, semi-arid grassland areas, and the northwest Yellow River area. The northwest region is affected by natural conditions and planting habits. The consumption of fertilizers has its own characteristics. Coupled with the long-term investment in chemical fertilizers, the accumulation of soil nutrients has caused a large decline in agricultural fertilization income. Therefore, according to different soil types, land characteristics, field position and the relationship between planting mouthwash and nutrient supply, scientific fertilization should be done according to local conditions.

The soil is generally divided into sand, loam and clay. Different soil types have great differences in structure and nutrient content, so there are also great differences in the demand and application methods of chemical fertilizers. For example, sandy soil, its characteristics are not water conservation, no fertilizer, so the use of organic fertilizer to improve the soil, the use of chemical fertilizers a small number of times. The characteristics of clay soil are high nutrient content. When fertilizing, pay attention to the early supplement and later control fertilization. Loamy soil is characterized by higher soil nutrients than sandy soil, but is prone to lack of fertilizer when crop yields are high. Therefore, depending on the characteristics of different soils, targeted fertilizers should be used.

The relationship between the supply of nutrients and the soil. For example, saline-alkali land is characterized by high salt content and rich nutrients. However, due to the presence of salt such as sodium chloride and potassium chloride, a large amount of calcium and phosphorus nutrients in the soil are adsorbed on the surface of the soil particles, resulting in a frequent lack of phosphorus, so attention should be paid to the application of phosphorus and calcium. Phosphorus lime is worth using, avoid using alkaline fertilizer, acid fertilizer is better, organic fertilizer is the best choice. Acidic land is characterized by low pH, very high activity of harmful aluminum, and is prone to lack of elements such as calcium and magnesium, but the effectiveness of phosphorus is significantly improved under acidic conditions. Therefore, in practice, it may be considered to apply lime, phosphate lime or alkaline fertilizer to neutralize soil acidity, and then consider supplementing other nutrients. Raw land is a soil with low organic matter content and lack of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients. In practice, phosphorus should be applied on the basis of applying organic fertilizer, and attention should be paid to supplement trace elements.

The relationship between nutrient supply and field. The location of the field in the village is closely related to the fatness and thinness of the field. In the production practice, different fertilization methods can be selected according to the actual situation. For example, in the field of thin field, due to the relatively large amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied in production, organic fertilizer is rarely applied, resulting in less soil organic matter and lack of phosphorus nutrients. Fertilizer should pay attention to the application of organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer. For nitrogen fertilizers, it depends on past application and increase in production to ensure a balanced growth of the fields. Near the village, due to the proximity to the village, in the past invested a lot of organic fertilizer, nitrogen and phosphorus input is large, so pay attention to weight loss and efficiency.

Consider a pre-crop crop and develop a fertilization plan. Generally speaking, due to the large differences in cropping systems in different regions of China, the northeast region is basically cooked once a year, the Huanghuaihai is two-year-old, and the southern region is mostly cooked twice or three times a year. Different farmland crops absorb soil nutrients. There are also great differences. Therefore, before fertilization, the nutrient content taken by the former crops should be considered, and the amount of fertilizer applied should be determined. Such as medlar, peas, rapeseed, buckwheat glutinous rice, generally consume more phosphorus, after the work should pay attention to the application of phosphate fertilizer. Phosphorus deficiency is generally not applied to organic fertilizer fields. Such fields can be supplemented with nitrogen on the basis of organic fertilizer application, and nitrogen and phosphorus should be combined when organic fertilizer is not applied.
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