Promoting cotton scientific fertilization technology is an important measure to increase the yield per unit area and product quality of cotton fields.
Cotton's requirements for ammonia, phosphorus and potassium and fertilizer application techniques
The results of the field fertilizer test proved that for every 100 kg of seed cotton, 5.0 kg of pure nitrogen, 1.8 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, 4.0 kg of potassium oxide, and nitrogen: phosphorus pentoxide: potassium oxide 1:0.36:0.8 were required.
Rational application of base fertilizer. The base fertilizer should be based on organic fertilizer, with a certain proportion of chemical fertilizer. Generally, 2000 kg of pigs, cow dung or 5000 kg of soil is used per mu. Because phosphorus is difficult to move in the soil, and cotton is particularly sensitive to phosphorus in the early stage of growth and development, the phosphate fertilizer should be used as the base fertilizer, generally 50 kg of calcium phosphate per acre. The superphosphate is preferably mixed with the organic fertilizer and applied deep to reduce the contact surface with the soil. The calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer should be applied after 7 to 10 days of fermentation with the organic fertilizer or the soil fertilizer.
Stable application of bud fertilizer. The principle of applying bud fertilizer is to require the cotton plant to be stable and not mad. It can not only build a high-yield shelf, but also early bud, early flowering, and early sitting peach, laying a good foundation for high yield. Miao fertilizer should be based on organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Generally, 1,500 kg of pigs, cow dung or 100 kg of cake fertilizer per acre.
Reapply flower bell fertilizer. Flower bell fertilizer should account for about 50% of the total amount of topdressing. Generally, 25 to 30 kg of compound fertilizer per acre is mixed with sifted soil or dry fine soil 2000 kg, and it is placed at the beginning of flowering to the lower part. ~ 2 large bells when the ditch is applied to cover the soil to improve fertilizer utilization.
Physiological Needs of Cotton and Boron Fertilizer Application Techniques
The content of available boron in cultivated soil in our province. The results of the second soil census showed that the effective boron content in the cultivated soil of our province was seriously insufficient, with an average of only 0.26 mg of effective boron per kg of soil. If 0.5 mg of effective boron per kg of soil proposed by the Nanjing Institute of Soil Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences was used as the boron deficiency threshold Value, the province has 94.3% of the soil available boron supply is insufficient.
Cotton is a dicotyledonous plant. The amount of boron required is larger than that of monocotyledonous plants. The boron content in the plant is high. The normal boron content per kilogram of plant is 20-35 mg. Below 20 mg, the boron is insufficient. From the seedling stage, cotton began to absorb boron nutrition, and the boron absorbed during the bolling period accounted for 45.4% of the total total growth period, and 65.95% of the boron absorbed by cotton was distributed in the reproductive organs.
Boron fertilizer can promote the growth and development of roots, improve the physiological functions of roots, promote the early development of strong seedlings, improve the leaf speed of true leaves, promote the operation of carbohydrates in cotton plants, coordinate the growth and development of cotton plants, and benefit cotton. The plant is stable, early maturing, and does not prematurely decay. It can effectively prevent the phenomenon of “buds and flowers†​​in cotton, reduce the rate of buds and sheds, increase the number of peaches per plant, single boll weight and clothing points, and improve cotton quality and increase. Fiber length and clothing.
When the cotton is deficient in boron, the root growth is hindered, the lower leaves become larger, the top new leaves become smaller, the petiole has an infiltrated annulus, the main stem grows damaged, the axillary buds grow, the buds and bells fall off, and the buds are not serious. The corolla is shortened, it is not easy to stretch, it is difficult to make peach, which seriously affects cotton yield.
Cotton boron fertilizer application techniques are as follows:
Boron fertilizer base. Use 0.5 to 1 kg of borax per mu and mix with 2000 kg of sifted soil or dry fine soil, spread it in the soil, then plow the soil, and then sow or transplant the nutrient.
As a seed fertilizer. Use 0.5 to 1 kg of borax per mu and mix with 2000 kg of sifted soil or dry fine soil and apply it in sowing or transplanting ditch and acupoints. Pay special attention to the application, avoid contact with the seeds, do not mix seeds, do not cover the seeds, and do not apply directly under the seeds, so as not to hinder the seed germination and seedling growth.
Foliar application. Foliar application of boron fertilizer not only avoids leaching loss, but also avoids the direct contact of boron with soil to produce chemical fixation, which is the most economical and effective method of application. At the same time, the split spraying better meets the needs of boron in different growth stages of cotton.
Spraying period. The best period for spraying boron fertilizer on cotton leaves is bud stage, early flowering stage and flowering and bolling stage.
The amount applied. Generally, 200 g of borax per acre is the best for spraying 100 kg of water on the foliar surface.
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