Melon Fertilization Management Technology

Melon cultivation and land preparation

(1) The selection of melon roots is relatively developed, drought-tolerant and not wet, especially thick-skinned melon. Therefore, the plots that grow melon must be well drained, and of course there must be reliable irrigation conditions.

From the perspective of soil conditions, the sandy loam with deep soil is the most suitable. Not only is the soil permeability good, it is beneficial to the development of the root system, and the early spring temperature rises quickly, which is good for most of the cultivation.

(2) If the land preparation is conditional, it should be done twice in winter and spring. The first is to grasp the ploughing and sun drying after harvesting the autumn crops to facilitate soil weathering and winter water storage. After the spring, it is necessary to smash the timing of soil freezing, re-cultivating and smashing, eliminating the dark and dark, and doing a good job.

Before planting, lay the film on the basis of applying the base fertilizer. Different local cultivation methods and different cultivation methods have different requirements for cockroaches. Generally speaking, in the cultivation of melon, ridges and small sorghum are more, which is beneficial to irrigation and drainage, and prevents flooding and smudging due to watering. Melon; on the other hand, it is more conducive to raising the ground temperature for early maturing.

Types and selection of organic fertilizers in melon cultivation

The type of fertilizer is closely related to the quality of melon. It is generally believed that cake fertilizer, fish fertilizer and chicken feces with high phosphorus and potassium content have the best effect.

The commonly used fertilizers for melons are manure, compost, grass manure, soil fertilizer, and other manure, manure, cake, fish, bone meal, and various fertilizers.

The manure is mostly cattle and pig manure, of which pig manure is the best. Composting and grass manure are made from straw, weeds, leaves and soil, water, and manure. The soil fertilizers in the northwest include bauxite, wall soil, and nitrate soil. Xinjiang melon farmers use nitrate soil when planting cantaloupe, which can improve fruit quality and promote early maturity.

Sesame cake is the best in cake fat, followed by bean cake, peanut cake, rapeseed cake, cottonseed cake, hemp cake, castor cake and so on. Thirdly, fish fertilizer, bone meal, grass ash, chicken and duck manure, pigeon dung, etc. with high phosphorus and potassium content, experienced melon farmers like to use pigeon dung, but now more attention is paid to the use of chicken manure and its The use of processed products. These fertilizers can promote the robust growth of plants, enhance disease resistance and improve fruit quality. The application of green fertilizer shields such as bitter beans and camel thorns in Xinjiang melon farmers also has the effect of increasing the sugar content of the fruit.

Rational use of chemical fertilizers in melon cultivation

Practice has proved that the rational use of chemical fertilizer can have a good effect of increasing production and quality, and if used improperly, it will lead to a decline in quality. In the process of using chemical fertilizers, you must pay attention to the following principles:

1 It must be combined with organic fertilizers to better function, especially on plots with low organic matter content and poor fertilizer retention.

2 Must pay attention to the reasonable combination of the three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and must not be biased towards a single nitrogen fertilizer.

3 The type and quantity of fertilizer applied should be determined according to different growth stages, plant growth and different cultivation purposes. Nitrogen and phosphorus are the main seedling stage, which promotes the development of root system; nitrogen fertilizer is the main stage to promote the strong growth of stems and leaves; potassium and nitrogen are the main stage to improve the fruit quality.

In recent years, more and more application of compound fertilizers and compound fertilizers for melons has been applied. It has been proved that the application of compound or special fertilizers on melons has obvious effects of increasing yield and ensuring quality, and should be promoted.

Fertilization amount of melon cultivation

At present, the actual fertilization amount of melon production varies greatly from place to place, especially the gap in production of protected areas is greater, which is closely related to fertilizer source, fertilization habits and economic conditions and benefits. The amount of scientific fertilization must be determined according to the amount of fertilizer absorbed. Of course, the need to slow down the continuous cropping should also be considered. According to the analysis, the production of 37,500 kilograms of thin melon per hectare, the total demand for the three elements is generally 210 kilograms per hectare of nitrogen. Phosphorus 30-360 kg, potassium 231 kg; thick skin muskmelon three elements per plant need a total of 10 grams of nitrogen, 12 grams of phosphorus, 10 grams of potassium, the actual application rate must also take into account the loss of soil nutrients and is fixed and other factors Impact.

Irrigation technology for melon cultivation

In dry land, melons are often affected by the good or bad rainfall conditions, and the production is extremely unstable. Therefore, where there are irrigated conditions, artificial irrigation should be carried out as much as possible.

In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, melons enter the dry season at the late growth stage, often requiring supplementary watering and multi-row furrow irrigation.

The melon farmers all over the place have accumulated rich experience in the irrigation water. This is that the seedling stage generally does not water, and the vines are not poured or less poured as appropriate. The fruit is quickly inflated and watered frequently. The water volume should be large, and it should be stopped 5-7 days before harvesting. Watering. In addition to looking at the sky and seeing the ground, the main thing is to depend on the growth of the plant: the melon leaves are light green, and the tops of the melons grow upwards, indicating that the plants have too much water and cannot be watered; Dark green, vine leaves thick, indicating that the plant body water is appropriate; noon curls drooping at noon, the leaves can not return to normal, it indicates that the plant is seriously deficient in water, must be timely irrigation.

Melon watering should be based on ditching, and it should not be flooded with large water. The ditch is watered and the water seepage depth is l-2 times deeper than that of the drip irrigation. Watering should be carried out early and late.

Once in the rainy season, there is more precipitation, greater soil moisture, and less soil porosity. When the permeability is poor, the root respiration of melon is often hindered, and the absorption capacity is weakened, which seriously affects fertility. When the water is continuously accumulated for more than 12 hours, the melon root is prone to lignification. For example, if the water is soaked for 5 days, the cortex is completely decomposed. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the drainage and not to accumulate water near the roots.

Pruning

Melon stems are very branched, and can grow on the mother vines, and the vines can produce the vines. If left to grow, usually the growth of most species of female vines is weak, while the growth of vines and sun vines is very strong. Most of the female flowers of the breed are born on the vines and the sun vines. Very few species are under low temperature conditions, and female flowers can also be born in the spider mites of the main vine.

The greenhouse has a small space and a high cultivation density. In order to make full use of the greenhouse space, the melon can obtain ideal ventilation and light conditions, and the melon can obtain high yield and excellent quality, and the melon plants in the shed must be pruned.

The whole branch includes the topping of the female vine, the vine, the sun vine, or the removal of the excess side vine, the reasonable vine, the leaves, and the tendril.

The main purpose of pruning is to artificially regulate the growth of plants. Leaves are the manufacturing organs of nutrients, but too much stems and leaves will consume nutrients and affect fruit development. Through pruning, the vegetative body of the plant can be kept at an appropriate size without affecting the yield and quality of the fruit due to too much or too little stems and leaves; secondly, promoting flowering and fruit setting, achieving early maturity and high yield; and again regulating the distribution of nutrients. At the seedling stage (4~5 pieces of true leaves), the heart is removed, and the nutrients are transferred to the side branches in time to promote the occurrence of collaterals. When the fruit on the branch is sitting, the fruit is picked up in time to make the nutrients transport to the fruit, which can prevent the melon. Promote fruit enlargement.

There are many ways to pruning melon. It should be combined with the characteristics of the variety, the cultivation method, the soil fertility, and the number of melons. The greenhouse cultivation of muskmelon is usually carried out with single vine pruning and double vine pruning. The greenhouse can be cultivated with three vines.

(1) Single vine pruning: It can be divided into female vines as main vines, single vines, and vines as main vines and single vines. The mother vine is the main vine single vine, which is the mother vine seedling period is not topping the heart, sitting on the vine of a certain node, and removing all the other vines; the vine is the single vine of the main vine, is the mother When vines 4 to 5 pieces of true leaves, pick the heart, promote the vines, choose a strong vine at the base, remove the remaining vines, and use the sun vine to sit. When the vines are used as the main vines, the side buds on the base of the main vines are smeared at the time of germination, and only the side vines born on the 11th to 15th positions are selected. When the mother vine is used as the main vine, the spring should be kept in 14 to 16 knots, and the large mid-late maturing varieties should be 15 to 17 knots. The side branches without female flowers are called in time. When the main vine grows to 22 to 28 leaves, the topping is carried out. If multi-layered melon cultivation is adopted, one side bud can be left at the uppermost end of the main vine, and the other side vines that are not knotted are all erased.

(2) Double vine pruning: When the mother vines 4 to 5 pieces of true leaves, pick the heart and promote the vines, choose the two vines with good growth and suitable parts, let them grow, and wipe off the base of the vines 1 to 6 The sun vine (side bud) born on the bit, choose the sun vine on the 7th to 11th position of the vine, and the vine with the female flower leaves 1 to 2 leaves to pick the heart. The sun vine without the female flower is also erased at the time of germination. Each vine grows to 20 leaves and tops, and finally leaves two melons per plant. The double-wing topping method has a high yield and is suitable for cultivation in large arch sheds in spring and autumn, but the ripening period of the melon is later, and the ripening period is not concentrated.

(3) Three vine pruning: main vine 5 ~ 6 leaves topping, choose to stay suitable for three vines, vines 6 ~ 8 leaves topping, Sun vine in front of female flowers 2 ~ 3 leaves topping, such as branches and leaves dense, can be excluded as appropriate The result of Sun Man, leaving about 50 leaves per plant. Finally, 2 to 3 melons are left. This method is mostly used for the cultivation of greenhoused melons.

Regardless of the method used, the following problems should be noted when pruning: pruning should make the stems and leaves distribute reasonably and evenly, and prevent the stems and leaves from being closed, so as to make full use of the land and solar energy. Stems and vines should be pruned and vines in a prosperous growth period. The vines are elongated until the fruit is swollen rapidly. The growth of stems and vines can reach 9 to 14 centimeters in one day. In the rapid elongation period of the vines, they should be pruned in time. After the pollination of the melons, the seeds are picked up in time to promote the growth of the melons and fruits. The pruning should be carried out after 10:00 am on a sunny day. The rainy days or morning prunings are difficult to heal due to the high humidity in the shed, which is easy to cause infection. In addition. In the morning, the stems are brittle and easy to break, and the other stems are easily damaged when they are pruned. Pruning should ensure that there are more functional leaves during fruit enlargement and maturity. The leaves are the organs for making nutrients. The melon leaves produce more nutrients in the 30-day-old age, and the nutrients supplied to other parts of the plant are also the most. At this time, the leaves are mature leaves or functional leaves. When the fruit is enlarged, the more functional leaves, the more nutrients are supplied to the fruit. It is not too early to pick up the side. Because the growth of plant roots depends on the supply of leaf nutrients, proper lateral branching can promote root development. Production can be topped when the side branches grow to 4 to 5 cm. For the side vines sitting on the melon, you can leave 1 or 2 leaves in front of the melon.

Condolence

When the solar greenhouse (that is, the winter warm greenhouse) is confined, a 10 wire can be fixed in the east-west direction from the ground 2 to 2.2 meters on the rear pillar, and a 10 wire is fixed in the east-west direction of the front pillar. In the direction of cultivation (north-south direction), a wire of 16 to 18 wire is fixed in each row, and the two ends are respectively attached to the wire of the front and rear pillars. Nylon rope or plastic rope sling is generally used. The method of fixing the wire and the sling in the bottom of the plant, and fixing the wire and nylon rope in the arched greenhouse can refer to the fixing method of the winter warm greenhouse. Generally, when the vine is 40 cm long, it should be confined and grow with the plant, and the stems will be wrapped in time.

Brackets, tied vines Because bamboo rafts are not easy to swing, easy to hang melons, and can prevent the advantages of falling melons, bamboo rafts can be used as brackets in greenhouse cultivation. Generally, the bamboo raft with thick thumb is used, and the length is generally 2.2 to 2.5 meters according to the height of the greenhouse. Insert the rack before the melon vines, and use the stand for the rack. At the base of the plant, the distance is about 10 cm. In the direction of the melon, a bamboo raft is inserted into each plant. It is required to insert and erect, so that each line is erected in a straight line. A bamboo pole is fixed horizontally at a distance of 80 cm from the ground and 20 cm from the top of the bamboo pole, or the top of the bamboo pole is fixed to the wire drawn along the planting row, so that the top of the bamboo pole does not have to be laterally tied to the bamboo pole. If there is no need to fix the wire between the rows, in the vertical direction with the melon row, use the bamboo pole as a tie rod to connect the rows of rafts into one body. The tie rods are fixed on a horizontal raft at the top of the vertical raft, and the rows can be arranged. The shackles are tied to the large scaffolding, which prevents the stalks from tilting or collapsing after the melons grow.

After the melons are stretched, the melons are led to the stand and the stems are fixed to the stand with the "8" shaped rope buckle. Before the seedling grows to the first horizontal frame, first tie it together. After the seedling grows to the first horizontal squat, the scorpion will grow in the same direction on the raft, and after a certain degree, it will lead to the raft. Continue to grow upwards. When tying the vines, be careful not to break the tender stems, leaves, female flowers, fruits, etc., and pay attention to the vines, so that the leaves, melons, etc. can be reasonably distributed in space.

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