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In traditional machining companies, tools have long been included in the management of low-value consumables. This aspect reflects the neglect of the importance of the tool, and on the other hand is an objective reflection of the low technical content of the tool products at that time. Since the 1970s, the so-called "CNC tools" developed with the development of CNC machine tools have led the development of cutting tools in the direction of the three high-tech (high efficiency, high precision, high reliability and specialization). Develop traditional tool products into high value-added, high-tech products. At present, the progress made in tool materials, coating technology, tool structure, etc. are the latest achievements in contemporary materials, information science, computer and microelectronics application technology.
First of all, in terms of tool materials and coating technology. The current status of tool materials is: the performance of various tool materials has been significantly improved, forming a unique pattern of each tool material and the scope of use and replacement of each other, so that the efficiency of various fields and processes of cutting And the overall level has been significantly improved. Carbide has become the main material of the tool, and there is a tilting function material suitable for the coating substrate. It is suitable for general-purpose tools such as drills, end mills, taps, etc., and fine particles and ultrafines of IT industry micro-tools. Granular cemented carbide materials; such cemented carbides have a strength of more than 3000 N/mm2, even more than 4000 N/mm2, which is twice that of ordinary cemented carbide materials, thereby expanding the application range of cemented carbide tools. In recent years, significant advances have been made in coating technology, and it is possible to develop a variety of grades, or composite multilayer, gradient structures, nanostructured coatings for different tooling and use requirements. The latest AlCrN coating and TiN-Si3N4 nanostructure coating have hardness of HV3200 and HV4000 respectively, and the oxidation resistance temperature reaches 1100 °C, which significantly improves the cutting performance of the tool. It is the latest research result in the field of materials technology. . Another example is the practical diamond coating and the CBN coating being developed, which are all in the high-tech category. Advances in tool materials and coating technology have not only improved the performance of standard universal tools, but also improved the performance of precision tools such as gear hobs and shavers, laying the foundation for the upgrading of cutting tool performance.
Secondly, the universal turning, milling and hole machining tools represented by indexable tools and special, composite and intelligent tools have innovative structure, excellent performance, compound functions, high processing efficiency and precision. It fully shows that the tool is the crystallization of modern technology. The special tool used in the mass production line has far exceeded the concept of ordinary tools. It can not only combine multiple steps in one process, improve machining efficiency and precision, but also develop new with special machine tools. The processing method also saves investment. With the rise of composite machining CNC machine tools, there has been a multi-purpose composite tool or multi-tool, which reduces the number of tool changes and plays an important role in the advantages of the composite machining machine. Intelligent tool with photoelectric sensing, measuring and servo compensation mechanism, can automatically adjust the size of the tool according to the measurement result, the resolution reaches 0.002mm; a milling cutter with 3 accelerometers integrated in the tool, can be collected in real time The information of the cutting process is processed by the numerical control system to keep the machine in an optimal state.
In addition, the well-known HSK tool handle, the machine tool and tool interface, is a major technological innovation. Compared with the traditional 7:24 holder, it not only improves the precision and rigidity of the connection between the tool and the machine tool, but also serves as a common technique for the positioning of the taper shank. The principle has been applied to the connection and tool of the wheel flange to the spindle. The connection of the system has a wide impact on manufacturing technology.
If the concept of "CNC tool" is understood as a high-tech, high-performance tool, then it can be said that the cutting tool has fully entered the era of "CNC tool", which has doubled the overall efficiency of the cutting process.
Cutting technology to a leap in innovative manufacturing processes
In addition to the direct cutting effect produced by high-performance tools in the development of the manufacturing industry, we can also see the greater effect of cutting technology in the innovation process, which is an important feature of today's cutting technology development, but also cutting technology. Enter the remarkable features of the new era. In recent years, the continuous development of new cutting technology has become a key technology to promote the rapid development of equipment, mold manufacturing and automotive, aerospace and other industrial sectors in the manufacturing industry.
In the mass-produced automotive industry, the production efficiency of the main parts of automobile engines is particularly outstanding. This is inseparable from the large number of new cutting methods used in the automotive industry, such as the new process of machining cylinder bores with solid carbide drills, the new process of fine cylinder bores with Si3N4 ceramic tools or CBN tools, and the high-speed milling of aluminum alloys with diamond milling cutters. The new process of the cylinder head; such as the milling process of the crankshaft or the car F-drawing process and the hard boring process of the gearbox hardened gear bore. These new processes not only improve processing efficiency but also improve processing quality. Table 1 shows the improvement in machining accuracy of the automotive industry from the 1970s to the 1990s in the last century.
In the modern aviation industry, the frame structure of the whole aluminum alloy is used as the component of the aircraft. When processing, more than 90% of the material should be cut from the whole piece of aluminum. The new high-speed cutting technology can be used, and the cutting speed can reach 4000~7000m/min. The speed is 60~100m/min, and the metal removal rate is above 6000cm3/min.
The high-efficiency cutting and forming process and the hardened die hard cutting process for the cavity of the open space in the mold industry have replaced the traditional EDM process, greatly improving the processing efficiency and the surface roughness is better than Ra0. 6μm, even reaching the mirror effect, greatly reducing the workload of mold polishing and shortening the development cycle of the mold. High-efficiency cutting tools and machining processes such as multi-tools, cavity roughing and inserting tools and large-feeding tools developed around mold processing have become the key technologies for the rapid development of the mold industry.
In the process of close integration of cutting technology and process development, the innovative cutting process drives the development of new cutting tools, and the innovative cutting tools open up new cutting processes. The two are closely combined and promote each other, bringing the cutting process into the process. A benign development track and a higher level.
Leap of the knife industry management concept
At the same time of rapid development of cutting technology, the tool industry itself has undergone major changes. The function of the whole industry is not only to supply the “three high and one special†tool products and technology, but to serve as the social resource guarantee in the manufacturing industry chain. One of the subsystems directly undertakes the major tasks and professional responsibilities of advancing the cutting technology of the manufacturing industry, and opens up a broader space for the development of cutting technology and cutting tools. In the traditional machinery manufacturing enterprises, enterprises must invest a lot of manpower and material resources, set up a special organization, responsible for the cutting process, and take care of the tools needed for production. However, with the development of the manufacturing industry, it is more and more complicated to select a suitable tool (including tool material, geometric parameters, optimized matching of coatings) and reasonable cutting parameters for specific workpiece materials and processing operations. It is a very professional job. The company's "self-protection" ability alone cannot meet the needs of enterprises to improve the level of cutting and processing. To this end, more and more companies are beginning to turn the work of improving the cutting process and the care of the production line to professional tool manufacturers, through specialized tool manufacturers, to global resources, to a higher professional Vision and optimized configuration help companies improve the level of cutting and produce better results. In response to this demand from users, tool manufacturers have put forward the business philosophy of “providing solutions to problems†for users. We have done a lot of work for the user to "improve the processing efficiency and reduce the manufacturing cost" as the whole activity of the company, and to expand the comprehensive strength of the company or to increase the degree of specialization, so that the development of cutting technology and new tool products is oriented to the manufacturing industry. The development of major industrial sectors is tailored to the needs of individual users, closely combined with the first-line practice of cutting, making the tool industry deeply rooted in the fertile soil of manufacturing, becoming an inexhaustible tool industry development and innovative cutting technology. The source of it. In this context, tool manufacturers are speeding up the introduction of new products and technologies, and the speed of product updates or replenishments can reach 10% to 20% per year. Each new grade can usually increase cutting efficiency by 50%. A foreign tool company said that 60% of the company's total sales are products that have been developed for less than five years, and products that have been developed less than three years account for 35%, indicating the scientific business philosophy and corporate purpose established in practice. It captures the essence of cutting technology and conforms to the laws of the tool industry itself.
In this process, the tool industry has completed a leap in understanding and practice of its own value. Tool manufacturers are not only producers and sellers of tool objects, but also realize that in the new situation, they must consciously become the driving force for manufacturing development. And important professional social resources for technological advancement. The change of concept has produced a huge material force, promoted the faster development of the tool industry, and is shaping a new tool industry.
First of all, in terms of tool materials and coating technology. The current status of tool materials is: the performance of various tool materials has been significantly improved, forming a unique pattern of each tool material and the scope of use and replacement of each other, so that the efficiency of various fields and processes of cutting And the overall level has been significantly improved. Carbide has become the main material of the tool, and there is a tilting function material suitable for the coating substrate. It is suitable for general-purpose tools such as drills, end mills, taps, etc., and fine particles and ultrafines of IT industry micro-tools. Granular cemented carbide materials; such cemented carbides have a strength of more than 3000 N/mm2, even more than 4000 N/mm2, which is twice that of ordinary cemented carbide materials, thereby expanding the application range of cemented carbide tools. In recent years, significant advances have been made in coating technology, and it is possible to develop a variety of grades, or composite multilayer, gradient structures, nanostructured coatings for different tooling and use requirements. The latest AlCrN coating and TiN-Si3N4 nanostructure coating have hardness of HV3200 and HV4000 respectively, and the oxidation resistance temperature reaches 1100 °C, which significantly improves the cutting performance of the tool. It is the latest research result in the field of materials technology. . Another example is the practical diamond coating and the CBN coating being developed, which are all in the high-tech category. Advances in tool materials and coating technology have not only improved the performance of standard universal tools, but also improved the performance of precision tools such as gear hobs and shavers, laying the foundation for the upgrading of cutting tool performance.
Secondly, the universal turning, milling and hole machining tools represented by indexable tools and special, composite and intelligent tools have innovative structure, excellent performance, compound functions, high processing efficiency and precision. It fully shows that the tool is the crystallization of modern technology. The special tool used in the mass production line has far exceeded the concept of ordinary tools. It can not only combine multiple steps in one process, improve machining efficiency and precision, but also develop new with special machine tools. The processing method also saves investment. With the rise of composite machining CNC machine tools, there has been a multi-purpose composite tool or multi-tool, which reduces the number of tool changes and plays an important role in the advantages of the composite machining machine. Intelligent tool with photoelectric sensing, measuring and servo compensation mechanism, can automatically adjust the size of the tool according to the measurement result, the resolution reaches 0.002mm; a milling cutter with 3 accelerometers integrated in the tool, can be collected in real time The information of the cutting process is processed by the numerical control system to keep the machine in an optimal state.
In addition, the well-known HSK tool handle, the machine tool and tool interface, is a major technological innovation. Compared with the traditional 7:24 holder, it not only improves the precision and rigidity of the connection between the tool and the machine tool, but also serves as a common technique for the positioning of the taper shank. The principle has been applied to the connection and tool of the wheel flange to the spindle. The connection of the system has a wide impact on manufacturing technology.
If the concept of "CNC tool" is understood as a high-tech, high-performance tool, then it can be said that the cutting tool has fully entered the era of "CNC tool", which has doubled the overall efficiency of the cutting process.
Cutting technology to a leap in innovative manufacturing processes
In addition to the direct cutting effect produced by high-performance tools in the development of the manufacturing industry, we can also see the greater effect of cutting technology in the innovation process, which is an important feature of today's cutting technology development, but also cutting technology. Enter the remarkable features of the new era. In recent years, the continuous development of new cutting technology has become a key technology to promote the rapid development of equipment, mold manufacturing and automotive, aerospace and other industrial sectors in the manufacturing industry.
In the mass-produced automotive industry, the production efficiency of the main parts of automobile engines is particularly outstanding. This is inseparable from the large number of new cutting methods used in the automotive industry, such as the new process of machining cylinder bores with solid carbide drills, the new process of fine cylinder bores with Si3N4 ceramic tools or CBN tools, and the high-speed milling of aluminum alloys with diamond milling cutters. The new process of the cylinder head; such as the milling process of the crankshaft or the car F-drawing process and the hard boring process of the gearbox hardened gear bore. These new processes not only improve processing efficiency but also improve processing quality. Table 1 shows the improvement in machining accuracy of the automotive industry from the 1970s to the 1990s in the last century.
In the modern aviation industry, the frame structure of the whole aluminum alloy is used as the component of the aircraft. When processing, more than 90% of the material should be cut from the whole piece of aluminum. The new high-speed cutting technology can be used, and the cutting speed can reach 4000~7000m/min. The speed is 60~100m/min, and the metal removal rate is above 6000cm3/min.
The high-efficiency cutting and forming process and the hardened die hard cutting process for the cavity of the open space in the mold industry have replaced the traditional EDM process, greatly improving the processing efficiency and the surface roughness is better than Ra0. 6μm, even reaching the mirror effect, greatly reducing the workload of mold polishing and shortening the development cycle of the mold. High-efficiency cutting tools and machining processes such as multi-tools, cavity roughing and inserting tools and large-feeding tools developed around mold processing have become the key technologies for the rapid development of the mold industry.
In the process of close integration of cutting technology and process development, the innovative cutting process drives the development of new cutting tools, and the innovative cutting tools open up new cutting processes. The two are closely combined and promote each other, bringing the cutting process into the process. A benign development track and a higher level.
Leap of the knife industry management concept
At the same time of rapid development of cutting technology, the tool industry itself has undergone major changes. The function of the whole industry is not only to supply the “three high and one special†tool products and technology, but to serve as the social resource guarantee in the manufacturing industry chain. One of the subsystems directly undertakes the major tasks and professional responsibilities of advancing the cutting technology of the manufacturing industry, and opens up a broader space for the development of cutting technology and cutting tools. In the traditional machinery manufacturing enterprises, enterprises must invest a lot of manpower and material resources, set up a special organization, responsible for the cutting process, and take care of the tools needed for production. However, with the development of the manufacturing industry, it is more and more complicated to select a suitable tool (including tool material, geometric parameters, optimized matching of coatings) and reasonable cutting parameters for specific workpiece materials and processing operations. It is a very professional job. The company's "self-protection" ability alone cannot meet the needs of enterprises to improve the level of cutting and processing. To this end, more and more companies are beginning to turn the work of improving the cutting process and the care of the production line to professional tool manufacturers, through specialized tool manufacturers, to global resources, to a higher professional Vision and optimized configuration help companies improve the level of cutting and produce better results. In response to this demand from users, tool manufacturers have put forward the business philosophy of “providing solutions to problems†for users. We have done a lot of work for the user to "improve the processing efficiency and reduce the manufacturing cost" as the whole activity of the company, and to expand the comprehensive strength of the company or to increase the degree of specialization, so that the development of cutting technology and new tool products is oriented to the manufacturing industry. The development of major industrial sectors is tailored to the needs of individual users, closely combined with the first-line practice of cutting, making the tool industry deeply rooted in the fertile soil of manufacturing, becoming an inexhaustible tool industry development and innovative cutting technology. The source of it. In this context, tool manufacturers are speeding up the introduction of new products and technologies, and the speed of product updates or replenishments can reach 10% to 20% per year. Each new grade can usually increase cutting efficiency by 50%. A foreign tool company said that 60% of the company's total sales are products that have been developed for less than five years, and products that have been developed less than three years account for 35%, indicating the scientific business philosophy and corporate purpose established in practice. It captures the essence of cutting technology and conforms to the laws of the tool industry itself.
In this process, the tool industry has completed a leap in understanding and practice of its own value. Tool manufacturers are not only producers and sellers of tool objects, but also realize that in the new situation, they must consciously become the driving force for manufacturing development. And important professional social resources for technological advancement. The change of concept has produced a huge material force, promoted the faster development of the tool industry, and is shaping a new tool industry.
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