Leading scientific fertilization at a new starting point

Since the soil testing and formula fertilization was written in the Central No. 1 document in 2005, the promotion of soil testing and formula fertilization technology in China has been increasing. Currently, the technology has been carried out all over the country. In the "Guidelines for Scientific Fertilization" issued this time, it is also emphasized that soil testing and formula fertilization is the main way to promote scientific fertilization, and it is required to promote popularization on a larger scale and at a higher level. By 2015, the application of soil testing and formula fertilization technology will be promoted. The area reaches more than 60% of the crop planting area, and the application area of ​​the formula fertilizer reaches more than 20% of the crop planting area. So, how is the effect of soil testing and formula fertilization technology promotion over the years? What improvements need to be made? With these questions, the reporter interviewed relevant experts in the industry.
Results:
The soil testing formula makes the concept of scientific fertilization deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. "To some extent, it is precisely because of the comprehensive promotion of soil testing and formula fertilization technology in the country, as well as through government propaganda and subsidies. In recent years, the awareness of Chinese farmers on scientific fertilization and The degree of understanding of scientific fertilization has been greatly improved.” As the director of the National Soil Testing and Formulation Laboratory, Bai Yulu, a researcher at the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, has been devoted to the research on the related aspects of balanced fertilization through soil testing formula. And promotion work. Since the implementation of the soil testing and formula fertilization subsidy project in 2005, the investment has increased year by year, from 500 million yuan in 2006 to 1.2 billion yuan per year, and it is still increasing, and the scope of promotion is also expanding. The total area of ​​promotion has exceeded 1.1 billion mu, and the project has covered all agricultural counties (fields). At the same time, in some areas, it has indeed had some practical effects on guiding farmers to implement scientific fertilization and improve fertilizer and soil utilization.
Need to break through one:
The bottleneck of soil testing and formula fertilization mechanism “Although some achievements have been made, the existing problems cannot be ignored”, Bai Youlu proposed, because the current soil testing and formula fertilization project mechanism still needs to be improved, there are also some problems in the project implementation process that restrict the project. Play a bigger role. He believes that there are four major problems in the current work of soil testing and formula fertilization: First, the scope of promotion is not wide enough. “We can't ask every household to do soil testing and fertilizer, but according to the sample size submitted by each county every year, the proportion of farmers who can truly achieve soil testing and formula fertilization is very small.” The core idea of ​​the soil formula is “large formula, small adjustment”, but what is the coverage of the large formula to be done now, and the scope of the small adjustment and adjustment, these refinement problems have not been specifically implemented. Third, the management mechanism needs to be diversified. At present, the main body of the soil testing formula is the agricultural technology extension station or the soil and fertilizer station of each county-level agricultural bureau. From the soil testing, formula design, field trial to the final effect evaluation, the agricultural sector is “taken by the agricultural sector”. "There is a problem in the implementation of the formula. The formula fertilizer should be provided by the enterprise. Now the formula is provided by the local soil and fertilizer department, which is easy to breed power protection and local protectionism, which is not conducive to the development of the industry. Fourth, it is difficult to say how high the soil testing formula technology in some areas is. He once encountered such a situation in the northeast region. Two plots, one is managed by long-term intensive cultivation, and the other is randomly planted. Even from the visual point of view, the fertility of the two plots is significantly different, but the technicians The result on the issued recipe card is the same. A phenomenon like this has appeared in many places. “This will lead to a decline in farmers’ trust in soil testing formulas, which is not conducive to promotion.”
Need to break through two:
Let farmers really use the formula "testing soil formula is a systematic project," when talking about the promotion of soil testing formula technology, Yang Fan, deputy director of the soil and fertilizer department of the National Agricultural Technology Promotion Center, said that in addition to the problem of soil testing formula, in technology promotion There are still some shortcomings in the process that need to be improved. “When we talk about the soil testing formula project, everyone pays more attention to the results of soil testing and fertilizer, paying attention to how much nutrients the soil itself contains and how much nutrients need to be supplemented. A large part of the project is connotation of the use of formulas. For example, when we provide farmers with soil testing formula cards, they will not only tell them the reasonable ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, but also tell them how to use them. How much to apply when making base fertilizer, how much to apply fertilizer and how much to apply, is the need for ditching or strip application, but in fact the farmers simply did not notice these supporting methods."
For the introduction of Yang Fan, Bai Youlu also has a deep understanding. He said that the low level of knowledge of farmers themselves is also a major difficulty in the promotion of soil testing formulas. At present, the NPK nutrients on the soil testing formula card are basically marked with NPK, but some farmers are unclear about these labels. He gave an example of his personal experience: When he went to the grassroots level to inspect, when asked about the effect of a farmer's soil testing formula card, the farmer said that the effect was very good, and the fertilizer was applied according to the instructions on the formula card. But when Bai took out the formula card by the road and covered the logos of several other nutrients, only P2O5 was left to ask the peasant, "What is this nutrient?" The peasant could not answer at all.
development of:
Large-scale agriculture helps speculate soil formula “The current soil testing formula project has already stood at the crossroads. On the one hand, the concept of balanced fertilization through soil testing formula has been accepted by farmers. This can be said to be obtained by the soil testing formula project. Staged results. But in the next step, how can we truly exert the effect of soil testing formulas, which is a problem that must be solved.” Bai Yulu said.
“The best way to promote soil formula formulation is to provide products according to the formula, but it is difficult to achieve in the case of a single household in China.” Bai Yulu told reporters that he had tried in Heze, Shandong. I want to explore the use of small-scale mixing equipment to produce small-volume, personalized and targeted fertilizers. He sent a small mixed BB fertilizer production equipment to the local distributor, allowing the dealer to use the existing nitrogen, phosphate and potassium fertilizer raw materials in the store to formulate the compound fertilizer products on site according to the formula measured by the farmer's soil. But dealers are not willing to implement. "The profit is too low and it is troublesome."
“This method may be more suitable for large-scale planting on similar farms.” Bai Youlu said that the same crop is planted on the same plot, the amount of fertilizer is large, and farmers who implement large-scale planting have improved the efficiency of scientific farming. The requirements are also higher. “Therefore, land transfer and large-scale production methods may promote the development of soil testing formulas in recent years.”
In fact, some companies are now trying to provide individualized and targeted fertilizer products to large-scale farmers through soil testing. For example, Zhongnong Group Holdings Co., Ltd. develops a small cooperative model, first organizes farmers to join small cooperatives, and small cooperatives have their own fertilizer stations. Then they first test the soil formula and then provide the formula to the fertilizer station. Order production; and enterprises such as Yantai Zhongde also set up a fertilizer plant in the northeast region, and produce suitable formula fertilizer products according to the needs of some local growers. These ideas are actually proposed by Bai Youlu. The farm model is coincident.
“We encourage some big companies with social responsibility to participate, but it is important to emphasize that I always think that formula fertilizer should be used as a service model rather than as a commodity. “Big formula” is produced by fertilizer producers. The agricultural technology promotion department is either no, it is the technique of soil testing and formula fertilization. According to the local situation, how to educate farmers to make “small adjustments” to adapt to their different planting conditions. Only in this way can the soil testing formula be able to exert greater effects. Formulated fat road can only go long." Bai Yulu said.