Jiaju network property channel teaches you how to visit the Housing Fair

When it comes to how to visit the exhibition, you may want to say: "There is no end to how to visit." Now we will give you an overview of the main points of the exhibition, that is to achieve three aspects. First, there is preparedness and in-depth exploration. Under normal circumstances, there will be new information and promotional information on the housing exhibition. If you can conduct fixed-point contact and in-depth conversation, it is entirely possible to purchase an affordable house.
Second, the peripherals are thoroughly aware of the evaluation project. Exhibitions will be not simply to stall the size of Heroes, but the live performance can be thoroughly corporate brand awareness and market businesses, and sales staff in contact with in-depth understanding of the project, to choose the most suitable for their own projects.
Third, bring back information to facilitate contact. The exhibition can provide a lot of choice of housing, home buyers have ample choice, so to use the show, for each possible choice of real estate projects, such as the developer's situation, availability of loans, housing prices, location, community environment and Comprehensive comparison and measurement of detailed conditions such as property management. At the exhibition, general exhibitors are provided with exquisite sales brochures and salesperson business cards. After understanding the details of the real estate, these materials are brought back. After the idea of ​​your purchase is finalized, you can contact the sales staff at any time. , Negotiate signing contract.
If you are really interested in buying a home, you are sure to be prepared to think ahead of time and get ready to know about certain types of listings. Therefore, before entering the exhibition, it is best to check the distribution map of the exhibition. And record the location of the project you are looking for in advance, so that after entering the exhibition site, you can avoid the noisy crowd and go directly to the project booth of your choice.
After that, you can look for the project booths that are equal to the grade and location of your chosen shopping industry, ask them about the price, the community environment, etc. What are the characteristics of the purchase factors, and then analyze and compare them, and finally determine where to select the real estate. The advantage of doing so is that visitors can save time and do not have to spend time and energy on the project booth that has nothing to do with their own home purchase, so that they can understand the project they have chosen more carefully and comprehensively.
1, the overall visit, collect information. Due to the unfamiliarity with the overall market, it is often difficult to understand the market in full, and it is often found after the purchase of the house that there are more desirable real estate. Therefore, it is very obvious that the exhibition exhibition will collect data comprehensively for analysis and comparison.
2, horizontal analogy, primary real estate. The direction of each real estate buyer's choice of real estate is extremely obvious. Therefore, the real estate exhibition provides the unique conditions for real estate horizontal analogy at the same time, which is an ideal time for real estate de-election.
Before you visit the exhibition, think about what you need to know from the exhibition and what questions you need to ask. During the exhibitions will be held, first, to be more staff, sales staff did not have sufficient time to receive you as usually only one person to ask. In addition, due to the fact that there are so many developers at the same time that there are so many developers at the same time, the opportunities in this field are very valuable. Only by thinking in advance about the issues you want to understand, will you not lose everything and wait until the end of the exhibition to think of a lot of needs. understanding of the situation has not been asked. In particular, has a staff of competent experts and business counseling in the field of the show, many buyers encounter when policy, regulatory issues, where can get authoritative interpretation. So prepare some questions in advance, certainly will not regret it after the meeting.
In addition, there are a lot of houses available at the exhibition, and buyers have plenty of room for choice. Therefore, we must use the exhibition for every possible choice of real estate projects, such as developer conditions, availability of loans, housing prices, location, and community environment. Comprehensive comparison and measurement of detailed conditions such as property management.
Advantages of visiting exhibitions In addition to the special exhibition vehicles that save time and money, the exhibition site often has related services related to real estate, such as banking, intermediary services, property management, legal consulting, etc. You can enjoy a variety of free consultation services while you look at the building, which is very useful to you for the first time.
In addition, the Housing Fair often gathers different types of units in different locations and prices, and home buyers can also compare horizontally and vertically to correct their own purchase plans.
Study articles
Mortgage room can only be traded <br> Recently, when a large intermediary company assisted owner Mr. Liang to search, he discovered that the property was still in the mortgage. It is understood that Mr. Liang had paid off bank loans six months ago. As a result, Mr. Leung wondered why the property was still in mortgage. Is the property owner Mr. Liang's property available for sale? How should I go through the formalities? The professional customer service department of Hefu Real Estate pointed out that after the owner pays off his personal home mortgage loan, the owner’s right to ownership, disposition and income of the real estate have completely belonged to him. Therefore, the owner should go to the Housing Authority as soon as possible to apply for the printing and cancellation of the real estate license. The status of his “right to mortgage” in his “rights situation” to protect personal rights. Should be dealt with as soon as possible for the registration of the printing industry. The Customer Service Department of the Wealth Management Professional reminds the general public that the deregulation registration applies to the owner who has paid off the bank loan and needs to go to the trading center to cancel the real estate ownership certificate. At the same time, the registrant generally needs to prepare the following information when registering for deregistration: 1. Real estate ownership certificate; 2. Real estate title certificate (shared certificate); 3. Applicant's identity certificate; 4. Other rights application form; 5. The bank pays off the loan certificate. The landlord can use the above information to register with the Housing Authority for the purpose of registering for printing (paying 90 to 180 yuan for search and printing fees). What is the "other rights" and "other rights" is the identification of the mortgage of the house on the real estate license. When the house is in the mortgage duration, the "right of ownership" on the real estate certificate is marked as "mortgage", and the Housing Authority will also be filed as "mortgage". At this time, the owner does not have full ownership of the property and cannot hold the mortgage. The house is transferred or re-pledged to a third party without authorization; after the mortgage is completed, the column of “right of his rights” will indicate the date of cancellation and the date of cancellation of registration. After the file is filed, the owner will enjoy the integrity of his house. The right to ownership, disposition and income can be used to perform free disposal of the house. Tips for Buying a Home 1. Following most bank operations in the past, after the mortgage payment is generally paid off, the owner can apply to the bank to provide proof of loan repayment, which can usually be collected within 1 to 2 months. After handling the mortgage, if the owner did not receive or did not receive the full amount of the housing invoice, the owner will keep in mind that the mortgage loan proof can be used to request the developer to receive the unpaid part of the mortgage payment invoice. 2. After the real estate license has not been issued and the contract has been agreed upon at the time of signing the contract for the real estate agent, the owner will bear in mind that the original copy of the “Credit Registration Certificate” and the “Commercial Housing Sale Contract” will be submitted to the development. Business as a real estate license for future use. 3. The major banks may now allow quality customers to obtain the original real estate permit in advance without completing the purchase, depending on the specific circumstances. That is, the house is still in the mortgage state, but the real estate license has been applied. Buyers in the transaction need to beware of the owner's concealment of the mortgage situation and pay attention to the "right of his situation" on the real estate certificate. It is best to go to the Housing Authority before the transaction.
Buying a house alert to "six distances"
Industry sources pointed out that noise and air pollution are important factors that affect the quality of life of residents, so buyers should look carefully at the house and pay more attention to things around the house. Distance to the road. Traffic on busy roads will have a lot of air and noise pollution. This is also true for railways, airports, and other places. When buying such second-hand houses, the noise heard when windows are opened is not obvious. Distance to public places of activity. It is convenient to live near to community activities, but it can also bring inconvenience to your life. In particular, community amusement parks, fitness equipment venues, and so on, there will be loud noise. Distance from the parking lot of the community. In the case of low-level tenants, most drivers must be hot for a few minutes after starting the car. If the situation is even worse, the noise may have to force you to get up early every day. Near and far from street lights. The general situation is still a little better, mainly due to nighttime security considerations, but it should not be too close. If it is too close, on the one hand, people are not used to being very bright in the house at night, on the other hand, the mosquitoes in the summer night will also be The door to your house is too close. The distance to the neighboring building. The two buildings are closely related, commonly known as the "handshake building." Most of these houses have poor lighting, especially at the lower levels, and there are also security risks. Buyers should take special look to see if there is a window opposite the nearest neighbor window to see if they can easily see each other’s life. Distance to the district supermarkets and restaurants. Many old districts in Foshan have catering, entertainment services, “one-stop” venues, supermarkets are better, if close to the restaurant, the noise is only a “pediatric” problem, the most terrible is the fumes, there are many kinds of carcinogens there of.
Buyers pay attention to low-lying terrain <br> backing house should be high on the slopes before construction of the house, mostly single-family villas, emphasis on landscape view, it should be a higher-lying room house behind and in front of the terrain should be lower, but the terrain is relatively A low slope should be lowered in front of it, and avoiding the subsidence of layers, steep slopes, or even cliffs, makes people feel negative. On the contrary, single-family villas are built on top of high ground and low terrain. The most unfavorable one is. If there is a steep drop in the back of the house or even a cliff is worse, there is a sense of fear and security. Buildings with a narrow front width or a narrow front width and a narrow front width have reduced momentum and give people a bad impression. The construction base is lower than the surrounding terrain. It tends to accumulate water vapor when it rains. It also makes people feel unpleasant except for the dampness. . The villas built on the mountains can enjoy a peaceful and elegant living environment away from the dusty, but if the terrain is higher and more remote, the natural population is less. If there are no other villas in the vicinity, this type of product is by no means an excellent target for investment protection. The sidewalk in front of the house should be wide and flat in front of the wide house. The house and the road should be kept at an appropriate buffer distance. The narrowest sidewalk should be avoided and the house should be close to the road. If the speed of the road section is often more than 70 kilometers, it is not only safe and worrying, and pedestrians pass by in a hurry, and it is difficult to gather popularity. The sidewalk in front of the house is inclined from the inside to the outside. If the slope is more than 7 degrees, pedestrians will walk past the pedestrian section and feel poor balance. Shops on the first floor are naturally not crowded. If the roadway alley in front of the house is too narrow, it is not appropriate for people to feel oppressive. Houses in the "dead lane" have poor ventilation, and their firefighting concerns have also increased. The closer to the bottom of the "dead lane", the less the investment should be.
Negotiation

Happy to go to the building to retake what to check?

● Purchase area: From the practice of housing transfer, most homebuyers only pay attention to the acceptance of housing structure and decoration quality, but neglect to verify the area of ​​the house because they do not understand the calculation method of the sales area of ​​commercial housing. In fact, the size of the housing area not only affects the ultimate property rights, but also involves housing prices, which has a direct impact on the economic interests of buyers. Therefore, verifying the sales area of ​​the purchased houses is also an important link in the acceptance of houses, and should cause buyers to pay great attention. In accordance with the newly promulgated “Real Estate Sales Area Calculation and Common Building Area Allocation Rules (Trial)” promulgated by the Ministry of Construction, the purchase area is calculated.
● Main structure: settlement of ground foundation shall not cause ground deformation, cracking of superstructure or damage of adjacent houses; reinforced concrete components shall not produce obvious deformation; masonry structure must have sufficient strength and toughness, and no obvious cracks are allowed; The wooden structure should have a firm knot, a reliable support system and no ant damage.
● Exterior wall: Do not seep water, especially on rainy days. Observe whether or not there are obvious watermarks and mildew spots. There must be no emptying or cracking on the outer wall. ● Roofing: All types of roofs need smooth drainage, no accumulation of water, no leakage; flat roof should have thermal insulation measures, three-storey or more houses should be set at the common parts of the roof access hole; balcony and three floors above the roof should be Organized drainage, outlets, trenches, downfalls should be firmly installed, the interface is flat and does not leak.
● Floor: The surface layer and the base layer must be firmly bonded, not empty, and the whole surface should be flat and flat. No defects such as cracks, peeling and sanding are allowed. Block surface layer (such as teakwood floor) should be smooth surface, uniform joints straight, no missing edge angle; bathroom, balcony, bathroom floor and adjacent ground relative elevation should meet the design requirements, there should be no water, no Poured water and leakage are allowed; the wooden floor should be flat and tight, and the joints should be close together.
● Decoration: Steel doors and windows should be installed with firm, no warping, flexible switching, complete assembly of parts and components, accurate location, tight gaps between steel doors and windows, moderate gaps between wooden doors and windows, and wooden finishes with smooth surfaces, straight lines, and joints. Strict, not exposed nail cap, and the base must be nailed; door and window glass should be smooth, full putty, paste firmly; plaster should be smooth surface, there should be no empty drums, cracks and blisters and other defects; paint, brush should be color Consistent, there should be no peeling or brushing on the surface.

Buying bargains tips

Some people say that the key to buying a house is to rely on your ability to bargain. This is not without reason, especially for homebuyers who want to invest. Only buying a cheap home has its own profit margin. Otherwise, not only did not earn or even lose money. The skill of negotiating real estate transactions is to grasp the market trends, have a good idea, and at the same time understand each other's situation and know each other. In the end, the heart must be "squeaky," and the knowledge of the negotiating price negotiation is very large. Only by doing enough can we be confident and win the game. One must be quiet and multi-dimensional to understand 1. Look at the house. The house is in kind, everything can be seen in the eyes, look at the house, should behave and be interested in it. Too cold the seller will not talk to you about it, and observe the structure of the house, lighting, maintenance, the surrounding environment and so on. Listen to sellers to explain and ask sellers more questions. 2. Grasp the background material. How long has the house been launched in the market, how many people have made a price, and how much to offer, can be used as a reference factor. The more houses that people bid, the stronger their resale power. 3. Let the seller know that your purchase is self-occupancy, not for resale. Usually the seller does not want the house sales person to make a profit at the middle of the house, but also likes the buyers who live in their own homes. One can sell at a high price, and the other is relatively simple. Second, to find out the seller's psychology: 1. How long the seller must sell the house, is very important for when to bargain, the closer to selling the main selling period, the seller is eager to sell, this is your most favorable bargaining moment. 2. Understand what the seller intends to use to sell the house. If the seller believes in the housing estate and is not in a hurry, there will be many setbacks in the price of the housing. In this case, it will be time for you to stop or turn. 3. Deposit. How much the deposit is considered appropriate, there is no certain standard, depending on individual needs, negotiated by both parties. The principle of bargaining: 1. The shortcomings of exposure to the house, revealing all the shortcomings of the seller’s house, and making the seller lose confidence in the high price he has opened to achieve the purpose of bargaining. 2. Delay tactics. If sellers are anxious to release their hands, they can deliberately delay the time. If they falsely claim that they need time to collect funds, wait until the final stage of the deadline. 3. Partnership tactics. You can tell that the seller is investing in the joint venture with the partner. The price must be negotiated with the partner to negotiate a subtotal price. 4. For the sake of success. For the house to be seen, it is clear that China and Italy still have to express various reasons that they do not like. In short, there are many ways to slash prices. Buyers need to be clear-headed and flexible to use.
Some people say that the key to buying a house is to rely on your ability to bargain. This is not without reason, especially for homebuyers who want to invest. Only buying a cheap home has its own profit margin. Otherwise, not only did you not earn or even lose money. The skill of negotiating real estate transactions is to grasp the market trends, have a good idea, and at the same time understand each other's situation and know each other. At the end of the day, the heart must be “squeaked”. The knowledge of the negotiating price negotiation is very large. Only by doing enough can we be confident and win the game. One must be quiet and multi-dimensional to understand 1. Look at the house. The house is in kind. Everything can be seen in the eyes. If you look in the house, you should behave and you are interested. If you are too indifferent, the owner will not talk to you about it. At the same time, you will carefully observe the structure of the house, light, and maintain the surrounding environment. Listen to the seller to explain and ask the seller more questions. 2. Grasp the background material. How long has the house been launched in the market, how many people have made a price, and how much to offer, can be used as a reference factor. The more houses that bid by more people, the stronger the resale ability. 3. Let the seller know that your purchase is self-occupancy, not for resale. Usually the seller does not want the house sales person to make a profit at the middle of the house, but also likes the buyers who live in their own homes. One can sell at a high price, and the other is relatively simple. Second, we must find out the psychology of the seller:
1. How long the seller must sell the house is very important for the time when the price is to be sold. The closer it is to selling the main selling period, the more eager the seller is to sell. This is your most favorable time for bargaining. 2. Understand what the seller intends to use to sell the house. If the seller believes in the housing estate and is not in a hurry, there will be many setbacks in the price of the property. In this case, it will be time for you to stop or turn. 3. Deposits. How much the deposit is considered appropriate, there is no certain standard, depending on individual needs, negotiated by both parties. The principle of bargaining: 1. The shortcomings of exposure to the house, revealing all the shortcomings of the seller’s house, and making the seller lose confidence in the high price he has opened to achieve the purpose of bargaining. 2. Delay tactics. If sellers are anxious to release their hands, they can deliberately delay the time. If they falsely claim that they need time to collect funds, wait until the final stage of the deadline. 3. Partnership tactics. You can tell that the seller is investing in the joint venture with the partner. The price must be negotiated with the partner to negotiate a subtotal price. 4. For the sake of success. For the house to be seen, it is clear that China and Italy still have to express various reasons that they do not like. In short, there are many ways to slash prices. Buyers need to be clear-headed and flexible to use.
The property market slumps how to negotiate bargaining prices for three-step bargaining. In general, the bargaining space is small when the property market is booming, and the bargaining power can be increased during the relatively low phase. However, besides the boom factor, the extent of bargaining for house purchases is mainly due to differences in the property market, housing mentality, sales tactics, and consumer bargaining techniques. Of course, the sellers all hope that the higher the price of the sale of the house, the better, and the buyer wants to buy a good house at the cheapest price. How should homebuyers negotiate a bargaining strategy so that the trading situation is beneficial to the buyer? The first step to grasp the target market First of all, it should be clear what the property market. The better the basic information of the property, the more it can increase the bargaining chips. Pre-sale room prices can be divided into table prices, reserve prices and transaction prices. The table price is the price of the sales site, and the reserve price is the final bottom line of sales commissioned by the developer. There is no fixed spread between the two, and there is basically a gap of tens to hundreds of dollars per square meter. The transaction price is the price at which the buyer and the seller engage in the transaction if you want to. In the case where the market is large and the conditions for sale and purchase of the house are the same, those who are good at bargaining may have lower transaction prices than the developer’s reserve price. It can be seen that strengthening bargaining power is particularly important. In general, when a developer sets a price, it is the total cost plus profit and taxes payable. The cost of housing mainly includes land, construction, marketing and other expenses, as well as license fees, media advertising, interest burden, and a reasonable vacancy rate during the estimated sales period. Of course, real estate is unique and its price varies with the individual factors of the property, regional factors and timing of sales. Therefore, the price of other similar products in the region should be taken as a reference. The second step shows that since the purchase of homeowners has mastered the judgment of how prices should be determined, how should the face of the salespersons of the buyers be “fighting”? Most salespersons have arguments for various bargain prices. However, based on the performance pressure, business personnel will try to reach a transaction within the scope of their authority. The premise is that buyers want to buy a property and agree with the product, which means that the salesman feels the sincerity of the buyer. In addition to showing sincerity, homebuyers should clearly understand the rules of pre-sale homes if they purchase pre-sale homes. In the sales process, the pre-sales center is flexible in its use of price. If the building is launched, sometimes a house with a lower price will be suddenly launched. At this time, the bargaining space of the house will increase, but the transaction ratio of the house will increase, the salesman will keep the price tight, and the bargaining space will be relatively narrow. The third step is to pick faulty houses. In the bargaining price between buyers and sellers, the salesperson will initially have some deficiencies based on the pre-sale room. When the buyer asks for the asking price, he will give up tens of yuan per square meter within the authority. . If the buyer's bid and house price gap, sales staff will ask the business executives to come forward. How can the supervisor be willing to ask for price? Buyers start with picky products, such as providing reasonable views on the calculation of public facilities, the design of related pipelines, and the cost of construction, or the selection of buildings, the home environment, the number of elevators, etc. Will let the price. If the buyers want to further slash prices, they can buy houses collectively and adopt a quantitative system to achieve the goal of bargaining. They can also ask developers to provide gifts, or to increase the level of gifts, such as air-conditioning requirements for cooling capacity such as split type and cooling type. big.
Notary
The change of four types of property rights must be notarized <br>According to the relevant regulations, the following types of property rights change must be notarized: In order to inherit a real estate property, a "certificate of inheritance right" should be handled. In other words, if the children or their families are to inherit the property, they must have a notarial deed. 2. Candidates established for the purpose of disposing of real estate shall be notarized. The will of the property is not notarized. After the will comes into effect, the legal inheritance and the beneficiary of the will may negotiate and sign the inheritance division agreement according to the will. After the notarization, the real estate management department will go through the transfer registration of the ownership of the property. 3. For the gifted property, the donor’s “gift certificate” and the recipient’s “acceptance of the donation certificate” should be handled, or both parties should jointly handle the “gift certificate of donation”. 4. The foreigners involved in the transfer of ownership of the property and the legal acts involving Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan must apply for notarization.
Notarial Procedures——Application and Acceptance: The parties submit a notarization application to the notary office, fill in a notarization application, and provide relevant materials. The notary office shall decide whether to accept the application according to the application of the parties. ——— Review: The notary office (notary) inquires about the parties, examines relevant materials, conducts other relevant investigations, and reviews the authenticity and legality of the notarized objects. --- Issue a notarial document: The notary office shall decide whether to issue a notary certificate based on the results of the review. The notarial certificate includes the following contents: basic information of the party, notarized testimony, notarial signature, notarial office (notary office) stamp, date of issue.
Material for the notarization of real estate contract
1, proof of identity. Such as corporate business licenses, legal representative identity certificates, passports, (Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan compatriots) homecoming cards, identity certificates issued by the Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office, Taiwan Affairs Office or Overseas Chinese Affairs Office. 2, power of attorney and agent identification. 3. Real estate warrants (or state-owned land use permits, 期房) 4. Pre-sale permit for internal (outer) sales of commodity housing (off-site) 5. Permit for construction project planning (off-site) 6. Real estate ownership certificate or building ownership certificate and use of state-owned land Certificate (Currently Available) 7. Internal (external) commodity pre-sale contract (commercial house first transaction) or house sale contract (second-hand house transaction) 8. State organs, organizations, and state-owned enterprises should provide higher authorities' approval for the purchase of houses. It is proved that the institution must provide the higher authorities' written approval to purchase the house, the collective enterprise should provide the employee representative meeting with the resolution to purchase the house, and the limited liability company and the joint stock limited company should provide the board of directors with the decision to purchase the house. 9. Payment Licence (if payment has been made) 10. Pre-existing house purchase contract and deed tax certificate (second-hand housing) 11. Other materials to be registered Registration of common sense After housing transactions, buyers and sellers must start three transactions from the date of transaction. In the month, the city's real estate transaction department will register. First, why do you need to register? The "Regulations of the Shanghai Municipality on the Registration of Real Estate" stipulates that real estate rights legal person or natural person legally obtained by various means of housing ownership and land use rights, after real estate registration, real estate warrants, only to have real ownership of the land and land use rights. Otherwise, the acquired property rights cannot be protected by law. That is to say, if a homebuyer signs a pre-sale contract for a house and does not go through the registration formalities, the real estate company re-sells the house to a second home buyer, and the second pre-sale handles the registration process. Then, according to the above regulations, although the developer can be held liable for breach of contract, the second home buyer will acquire the ownership of the house. 2. Procedures Both buyers and sellers need to bring: 2 copies of the original and photocopy of the ID card or power of attorney, account book, and sale and purchase agreement (the owner of the second-hand house must also hold the “House Ownership Certificate”), the original and copy of the purchase payment invoice, and procedures. fee. After both parties register, the transaction department will review the real estate trading behavior according to the relevant laws and regulations (second-hand house call price assessment report), and submit it to the competent authority. After the approval, the buyer and the seller will be notified of the transfer procedure. Where the application for real estate change registration meets the requirements, the municipal realty office shall, within 30 days from the date of the change registration application, make a decision on approval for registration and issue a real estate title certificate. For the registration of other real estate rights, the applicant shall submit the real estate right certificate and the relevant application registration documents. The Municipal Housing and Lands Bureau shall make a decision of approval or non-registration within 10 days from the date of acceptance of the registration application. If registration is granted, a registration certificate shall be issued; if the registration is not granted, the applicant shall be notified in writing. In the process of handling formalities, there is a rule that is often overlooked. That is, buyers and sellers must come to the scene personally. If it cannot be present in person, the person handling the application must issue a valid power of attorney. If a valid power of attorney cannot be issued, any agent will be rejected by the transaction department, that is, the relatives of his or her party shall not be the exception. If the selling and buying parties want to entrust another person to apply for the formalities, they should go to the real estate transaction department to fill out a unified printed power of attorney; they can also apply for notarization. Third, the right to apply for registration of real estate rights should have what conditions? 1. The right holder to handle real estate registration, must have full capacity for civil conduct. Citizens over eighteen years of age, or citizens who are 16 years of age or older but less than eighteen years of age, who use their own labor income as their main source of income, may register their own real estate. 2. Persons with limited capacity who are over the age of 10 and those who cannot fully identify their own behavior and those who do not have civil capacity are under the age of 10 and those who cannot identify themselves as mental patients. The legal representative is the guardian agent, and the agent shall issue the agent's certificate. 3. The unit real estate registration must be a legal person organization that has the civil rights ability and civil conduct ability to independently enjoy civil rights and assume civil obligations. Any authority, enterprise, institution, or social group that applies for registration and entrusts others to register as agents should issue a power of attorney.
What documents should be submitted for initial registration of real estate rights? The initial registration of real estate rights should submit the following documents:
(1) Application;
(2) Unit business license (photocopy);
(3) Power of attorney (original) and agent's ID (copy);
(4) Land use right certificate (original);
(5) Construction project approval documents:
(6) Construction project planning permit (original);
(7) Commercial Housing Construction Plan;
(8) Foreign-funded enterprises need to submit investment enterprise approval certificates;
(9) Pre-sale permits for commercial houses or relevant approval documents;
(10) Completion acceptance certificate (comprehensive assessment of unit project quality);
(11) Residential Delivery License;
(12) A technical report on the apportionment of housing and land area issued by the municipal or district/county real estate surveying and mapping department;
(13) An approved building area notice;
(14) Approval of the preparation of the building number issued by the local police station;
(15) Construction and installation project budget;
(l6) general plans, hierarchical plans and cadastral maps;
(l7) Land use right transfer contract or land acquisition (relocation) compensation agreement;
(18) Other relevant documents.

Real estate transaction and housing ownership registration process flow chart

Acceptance → First instance → Reexamination → Approval → Certificates → Fees Issue → Archive Acceptance:
1. Complete verification and verification
2. The authenticity of the first-degree documents;
3. Enter registration;
4. Fill out the receipt ticket.
Preliminary examination:
1. Nuclear verification
2. Site investigation (if necessary);
3. Check the file review;
4. Make preliminary comments.
review:
1. Review review opinions;
2. Provide advice on difficult issues;
3. Submit review comments.
Approval:
1. Full review;
2. End of difficult problems;
3. Sign approval opinions.
Explanation: The registration of housing right belongs to cancellation registration, housing lease registration, and pre-sale contract for commercial housing. The approval system for the third-instance review is not required. All localities can be appropriately simplified according to local conditions.
Contract articles

Beware of blank space for purchase contracts <br> Recently, many readers have raised the same doubts in our hotline: They have no intention of falling into a real estate dispute, but as the most important evidence - the housing sale contract, But suddenly there were many more favorable terms for developers, and when signing a home sales contract, they found no similar provisions at all. Is it really the carelessness of homebuyers when they sign a contract that they haven't taken care of, or are developers supplementing the relevant clauses later? These have become the focus of real estate disputes encountered by home buyers. Many of these consumers are often unable to sue because they cannot obtain reasonable evidence and explanations. Many experts in the legal profession pointed out that they did not rule out the possibility of individual buyers not negotiating the terms carefully when signing a contract. However, most of the relevant circumstances were due to buyers neglecting the blanks in the purchase contract and letting unscrupulous development. In the later period, the merchants had a chance. They reminded homebuyers that they should be careful about the contract space when signing a purchase contract. Do not understand that consumers have lost their dumb losses. In April this year, after consultation with the entire family and Mao Sheng's own multi-party inspections and advocating sales lady, Mr. Mao fancy a community property in Chang Gang Road. After a preliminary negotiation, Mr. Mao was satisfied with the conditions given by the developer. After the two parties reached an agreement on a series of purchase elements, they signed a house sale contract. The contract stipulated: The developer sold a set of 64 square meters of housing to Mr. Mao, and the payment of the housing payment was in installments. The date of delivery was September 12, 2003. In the process of signing the contract, the two parties did not make further detailed provisions on the terms of the breach, but agreed that if the developer did not cause the loss to the buyer on time, the developer was liable for compensation. Mr. Mao told reporters with excitement: At the time of signing, he had noticed that there was still a few lines of blank space under the last paragraph of the contract, but he did not pay too much attention to it. The developer then signed and stamped the above. Mr. Mao’s work was so busy that the developer’s staff volunteered to submit the contract text to the Housing Authority for the relevant formalities. Mr. Mao agreed, and he also felt that the developer was “compassionate with public opinion” and “a good service”. A few months later, Mao Sheng requested the developer to take back a copy of the purchase contract because of the need to withdraw the housing provident fund from the unit. However, when he took the contract, he was surprised to find that the blank space of the original contract had been added with a few lines. It stated that if the project could not be completed on time due to natural changes or human factors, the developer would not take damages in terms of force majeure. Liability, the situation covered by force majeure is reserved by the developer for final interpretation. Mao Shengqi said with indignation: "This is obviously an unfair clause. Moreover, with the premise that I do not know what I want to add to it, such deception has caused me to lose confidence in real estate." This is a violation of the integrity of the developer. Mr. Mao asked the developer to rescind the contract and refund his purchase price. The developer however argued that this clause already existed when the contract was signed. It was Mr. Mao who did not notice himself. Mr. Mao was very angry. He said: "It seems that only through the lawsuit to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests." "Failed to make up for the bad" is not as good as "preparing for a rainy day." Mao Sheng is not the first person to encounter such a situation. In the process of housing sales, a certain part of the blank space for buying and selling contracts will be used by developers to protect their own interests. Unfair terms. In fact, there are also many developers who have changed the blanks and are able to hand over the building on time. Buyers who live in new homes are full of joy and will naturally not care about it. However, the "contract blank" does provide a possibility for many developers delaying the handover to avoid punishment.在我国的房屋买卖惯例中,通常是由开发商将合同文本送到房地产管理机关办理相关手续的。由于合同文本在开发商手中,而合同文本又留有空白处的话,一些奸诈的开发商就会借机在空白处填上自己需要的内容,以谋取他方利益或逃脱己方责任。购房者即便对此否认,也会因为没有证据而无法主张自己的权利。虽然开发商的做法违背了合同法中有关诚实信用原则的规定,但由于购房者自己的疏忽,导致无法举证,从而也难以通过法律途径维护自己的合法权益。岳城律师事物所袁雪律师分析毛生的案例时指出:开发商正是钻了合同空白处的空子,将双方并没有约定而对己方有利的事项写入合同中。购房者的合法权益虽然已经受到侵害,却常常因拿不出证据而无法追究开发商的违约责任。所以,袁雪律师提醒购房者:与其在后期“亡羊补牢”不如一开始就“未雨绸缪”,签订合同时一定要仔细,合同空白处需要填写的就应该填写;如果不需要填写的,应该划上横线、曲线或作出其他标志表明此处不填,以防止开发商在合同空白处做手脚。
如何解除二手买卖合同 <br>案例一: 陈先生近日在天河区买下一套三房的单元,并打算把自己原来位于芳村的房子卖掉,遂通过中介公司出售房屋,一中介公司很快为陈先生找到买家。随后,陈先生与买家很快就交易条件协商一致,买家还将1万元定金交付给陈先生。收取定金后,陈先生与买家和中介公司签署了买卖合同,并收取了买家交来的首期房款4万元。没多久,另一家中介公司找到陈先生,说有买家愿意以高出现买家5万元的价钱购买其房屋,陈先生遂向第一家中介公司表示,要求退回所收房款5万元并取消交易,并与第二家中介公司及买家签署了买卖合同。其后,第一位买家和中介公司向法院起诉陈先生,要求陈先生承担违约责任。法院最后判决陈先生败诉,陈先生须承担相应的违约责任。案例二:张先生与刘小姐于2004年1月签订房屋租赁合同,约定由刘小姐以每月2000元的租金,承租张先生的房屋一间,租期由2004年2月1日至2005年1月31日,合同内并无约定续租的相关条款。2005年1月租期届满时,张先生口头通知刘小姐要求增加租金,按每月2500元收取,刘小姐也表示同意。半年后,张先生要求再次上调租金至每月3000元,刘小姐表示不同意,并仍按每月2500元向张先生交纳租金,但张先生拒绝收取,并要求刘小姐按每月3000元的标准补交8月后的租金,还要求刘于10月份合约期满时退回房屋。刘小姐认为:张先生是单方提出加租,自己也表示不接受,故双方应按原口头约定的每月租金2500元维持原租赁关系,直至2006年1月31日止。张先生和刘小姐各持己见,后经过法院判决:刘小姐按每月2500元向杨先生补交8-10月的租金,同时解除双方的租赁关系。在二手的交易过程中,情况不时发生变化,解除合同有什么样的后果?如何可以最大程度地减少自己的损失?记者为此采访了合富置业法律事务部有关专业人士。专家分析:案例一:陈先生与第一位买家签署合同并收取定金及首期楼款,但却在未经合约另一方同意,且没有法律和合约依据的情况下擅自解除合同,根据《合同法》有关规定,陈先生此做法属违约行为,理应承担有关法律责任。专家提醒,业主出售房屋要慎重,一旦签署了买卖合同,就要依约履行合同,以免因贪图小利而招致无谓的纠纷及损失。案例二:张先生虽然只是口头通知刘小姐提高租金,但刘小姐同意并已实际履行,说明双方就继续租赁该物业的租金标准达成了口头协议,该口头协议是有效的。但由于该口头协议未涉及租赁期限,故应视为该物业继续租赁的期限为不定期租赁。所以,出租人张先生要求在2005年10月终止租赁关系,是有根据的。因为依照《合同法》232条的规定:“当事人对租赁期限没有约定或者约定不明确,依照本法第61条仍不能确定的,视为不定期租赁,当事人可以随时解除合同,但出租人解除合同,应当在合理期限之前通知承租人。”张先生在口头协议履行过程中,单方要求提高租金,刘小姐予以拒绝,张先生的合约就不具有变更租金标准的效力,双方仍应按照原租金标准执行。贴心提醒:业内人士提醒,交易中的业主及客户,无论是租赁还是买卖,在约定有关事宜时,应以书面合同确认为宜,以免双方因误解或其它原因产生不必要的纠纷和损失。

购房合同要约定装修细节

房屋质量是广大购房者关注的热点。为此,广州市国土房管部门昨日(7日)提醒市民:无论二手房,还是一手房,都要到现场查看,而且购房合同中要约定装修细节问题以及物管费、赠送家电、家居等,“认真阅读并慎重签署每一份协议或合同等书面文件,因为每一个签名都代表着购房者对内容的确认,都具有法律效力。 市国土房管部门专业人士表示,收楼时首先要检查验收该商品住宅建设项目交付使用的证件是否齐备;查看是否具有综合验收合格证、商品住宅交楼书、商品住宅质量保证书和商品住宅使用说明书,而且购房者“可在签订购房合同时约定以这些证书为收楼标准”。由于每个房屋情况不同,实际交楼的标准大部分是以合同附件形式存在。市国土房管部门提醒,购买预售商品房的消费者应在购房时仔细阅读交楼标准等附件,在收楼时可持合同复印件对照收楼,比如说约定的装修标准,是否是依合同约定设计,门、地板、窗的材料是否符合约定的标准,配套的室内设施是否齐全等。购买二手房的消费者则应在收楼时查看明确赠送的家电、家具等是否齐全、型号等是否一致。此外,购买预售商品房的消费者要查看工程质量,查看门、窗、天花、墙壁、地面的质量,看有否渗漏等;检查水、电是否正常,包括检查水、电开关是否正常,用水通道是否畅通等;水、电表刻度是否在“0”的位置。而二手房购买者需在收楼时确认原业主已结清水电、煤气、电视、网络和物业管理费等费用。
付款篇

房子未售先收诚意金涉非法集资

昨天,读者赵先生致电本报热线称,位于立水桥轻轨站西南侧的顶秀青溪小区应是本月22日开始销售,可是该楼盘售楼处却提前向购房者销售一种有优先选房权的青溪卡,他认为非常不合适。北京市建委表示,如果未取得《商品房销售许可证》,该售楼处收取任何预订款性质的费用都是不允许的。 购房者:先收“诚意金”缺诚信赵先生告诉记者,他早就看好该楼盘17号楼的一套住房,本打算22日正式销售时到现场购买。可近期赵先生发现,该售楼处开始向购房者销售所谓代表诚信的青溪卡,购房者只要交纳2万元,就可以先购买这两栋楼的房子。赵先生联系该楼盘销售处得知,目前已有上百人购买了优先选房卡。赵先生表示,他曾在相关部门的网站上查阅过,该楼盘目前仅有19号楼取得了销售许可证,而17号楼还不能正式销售。同时,赵先生认为,销售方提前收取所谓诚意金的做法,本身就是缺乏诚信的表现。根据赵先生的指点,记者在北京市房地产交易管理网上看到,该楼盘预售许可证中,批准预售部位为顶秀青溪19号住宅楼。售楼处:交“订金”是为优先选房记者在该楼盘网站上看到,青溪卡持卡人将享有对该楼盘的优先知情权、优先选房权等特权。售楼处工作人员告诉记者,诚意金是确保22日开盘后购房者能够买到称心如意的房子,一旦购房者选定房子,这2万元会冲抵房款。如果未能如意,也可在该项目下一期的楼盘选购中享受优先服务。至于17号楼的销售许可证问题,该工作人员表示不清楚。市建委:无销售许可证不得预售记者随后致电北京市建委。一位值班人员告诉记者,根据相关规定,不符合商品房销售条件的,房地产开发企业不得销售,不得向买受人收取任何预订款性质的费用。因此,顶秀青溪小区17号楼在还未取得销售许可证前,向购房者收取费用是不允许的。而已经取得该证的19号楼则不存在此问题。律师:购房者购房前需谨慎北京中济律师事务所吴律师告诉记者,顶秀青溪售楼处的这种做法肯定是不合适的,有非法集资的嫌疑。吴律师认为,现在很多开发企业在尚未取得《商品房销售许可证》的情况下,采取“放号”等方式让消费者订购商品房,并收取各种名目的具有预付款性质的费用。对于开发商来说,这不但扩大了资金来源,还有促销的作用。但这种做法,一方面不符合国家相关的规定,另一方面也给购房者造成了较大的购房风险。

提前还房贷怎样划算

根据现行房贷政策,贷款利率实行每年一调的方式,距离2006年1月1日的调整时刻越来越近,很多消费者也开始关注这一时刻。 如何提前还贷成为消费者普遍关注的热点问题。本报特意邀请置业专家为贷款购买房的消费者提供置业参考。提前还贷参考广大供房者提前还贷的初衷就是减少利息支出。不同的银行有不同的提前还贷方式,综合而言,无外乎全部提前还贷和部分提前还贷两大类。其中,提前全部还贷从理论上而言,利息支出是最少的,但是考验的是还款人的经济实力,只要有合理的计划和安全的预期资金流,这种方式是最优的,但要量入为出。部分提前还款方式相对比较复杂,不同的银行分门别类也有不同的还款方式可供参考选择。据了解,大致有三种部分提前还款方式:第一种,部分提前还款,剩余的贷款保持每月还款额不变,将还款期限缩短。第二种,部分提前还款,剩余的贷款将每月还款额减少,保持还款期限不变。第三种,部分提前还款,剩余的贷款将每月还款额减少,同时将还款期限缩短。中大恒基的置业专家提醒消费者,如何选择提前还贷,消费者要仔细计算一下,按照不同的方式,综合考虑自己的经济实力,三思而行。以王先生为例,王先生2003年向银行借贷10年期商业性贷款35万元。第一次还款时间为2003年11月份,提前还款时间为2005年11月份,如果部分提前还贷,则提前还贷15万元(不含当月还款额)。方式一:一次性提前还贷经计算,王先生原月供3719元,在这种提前还款方式下,2005年11月,当月一次还款294563元,则可以节省利息支出62474元。方式二:部分提前还贷,缩短还款期限经计算,王先生原月供3719元,在这种提前还款方式下,2005年11月,当月一次还款153719元,下月起月供3714元,则新的最后还款期为2009年3月,可节省利息支出51048元。方式三:部分提前还贷,减少月供经计算,王先生原月供3719元,在这种提前还款方式下,2005年11月,当月一次还款153719元,下月起月供1770元,至最后还款期为2013年10月则可以节省利息支出33385元。通过上述个案分析,选择不同的方式节省的利息支出是不同的,一次性提前还贷节省的利息支出是最大的。在部分提前还贷中,此外还有将每月还款额减少,同时将还款期限缩短,改变还贷方式——例如由等额本息换成等额本金还款方式。在选择之前,计算出不同方式下的还贷结果后,要结合经济实力、综合考虑时间、机会成本来确定自己的最佳方式。专家提示虽说提前还贷能在一定程度上减少利息支出,但专家表示二类人并不适宜提前还贷。第一种类型:月供一样且贷款快要到期的客户。对于选择了等额本息还款法的消费者来说,如果现在贷款已经偿还了一大部分,那么现在提前还贷并不一定划算。目前消费者贷款买房选择的主要是两种还款方式,即等额本金还款法和等额本息还款法。而绝大多数消费者选择的都是等额本息法。等额本息法每月还款额是固定的,但一开始还的大多是利息,到后面主要还本金。比如贷款10年已经还到八九年了,那还的基本上是本金,提前还贷没有意义。而递减法是利随本清,客户什么时候还都可以为自己节省出相应的利息。第二种类型:近期有投资计划的客户。不少消费者已经习惯了一旦手上有钱就拿来提前还贷,而碰上好的投资项目又贷款去投资或经营,但经营性贷款利率要比房贷高得多。专家建议,在提前还贷前,消费者最好考虑清楚近期有无投资计划。如果您手上有好的投资项目,收益能够超过房贷利率,就应该考虑投资。
二手房公积金贷款注意要点 <br>农历新年前是二手住宅市场交投旺季,尤其是近期有不少人购房结婚,促使二手交投更趋升温。当中不少中等收入的工薪一族和白领人士会选择按揭购房。而从2004年至今,央行四次加息,目前五年期的个人住房商业性贷款年利率升至6.48%,而五年以上的个人住房商业性贷款年利率更升至6.84%.相对而言,公积金贷款利息比同年期的个人住房商业性贷款优惠利率要低,五年期的公积金贷款年利率为4.14%,而五年以上的公积金贷款年利率则为4.59%,选择公积金贷款自然更划算。不过置业者须注意并不是所有人都符合公积金贷款的申办条件。 案例一:夫妻都可支取合作供楼詹小姐与男朋友李先生拍拖多年,近期两人登记结婚。由于詹小姐婚前已经用自己个人名义,以按揭付款方式购买了一套房子,月供款约2500多元,加上房子的装修、家具的添置以及摆酒等费用的支出,使他们手头上的积蓄顿时紧张了很多。经商量后,他们想用李先生公司一直为其缴存的住房公积金来减轻两人日后的经济压力。但两人并不清楚现在能否用李先生的名义申请提取住房公积金。据合富置业客服部专业人士介绍,原则上以谁的名义申请提取住房公积金,就以谁的名义购房。但根据有关规定,配偶可以提取自身住房公积金支援婚姻关系中的另一方购房。因为夫妇在婚姻关系持续期间,若一方购房(无其他协议的),属夫妻双方共有的房产,即使产权证上没有另一方(配偶)的名字,另一方(配偶)也对房屋拥有所有权。而一方在结婚前购房,结婚后另一方也可申请提取住房公积金。另一方面,同户的直系血亲如不是房屋产权人,不能提取住房公积金。根据规定,对购买、建造、翻建或大修的房屋拥有所有权的家庭成员,可以提取本人住房公积金账户内的存储余额,但所提取住房公积金总额不得超过购买、建造、翻建、大修自住住房的费用或偿还购房贷款的本息。案例二:缴存不足半年不能支取张先生想购买天河一套物业,打算申请公积金房贷购房。但张先生的公积金账户仅连续缴存了3个月,他不知道现在可否申请公积金贷款?据合富置业客服部专业人士介绍,只要同时具备下列条件者可申请住房公积金个人住房抵押贷款。1.有城镇常住户口或有效居留身份证件;2.有广州市常住户口的,申请公积金贷款时已连续缴存住房公积金6个月以上(含6个月);3.非广州市常住户口的,申请公积金贷款时已连续缴存住房公积金12个月以上(含12个月);4.具有稳定的职业和稳定的收入来源,有偿还贷款本息的能力;5.购房首期付款符合规定:一手楼首期付款不得低于购房总价的20%,二手楼首期付款不得低于购房总价的30%;6.签订了购房合同或协议;7.所购房屋可用于抵押;8.符合委托人和受托人规定的其他条件。由于张先生的公积金账户仅连续缴存了3个月未满半年,因此还不能申请公积金贷款。同时买家须留意:目前广州市住房公积金个人住房抵押贷款,一手楼贷款期限最长不超过30年,二手楼贷款期限最长不超过20年,贷款期限可以延长到法定退休年龄后5年。相关链接:申办文件缺一不可住房公积金个人住房抵押贷款,是指按规定实行了住房公积金制度的企业职工,以其在本市购买的普通自住住房作为抵押所申请的住房公积金政策性低息贷款。办理个人住房公积金贷款交易需要提供的资料:1.借款人身份证明文件正本和户口簿正本;已婚的借款人需配偶提供身份证明文件正本、户口簿正本一起送审。2.借款人婚姻状况证明文件:结婚证正本或未婚证明/离婚证或离婚协议;3.借款人近半年来的收入证明(如单位证明、存款证明);4.借款人现金流水账或大额存折,如有第二套物业可提供作为参考;部分银行会要求借款人的配偶提供近半年来的收入证明及现金流水账等资料一起送审;5.借款人公积金卡、存折;6.借款人住房公积金缴存证明。
税费篇
将房屋税费弄个清楚明白 <br>随着福利分房末班车的远去,自购商品房开始成为消费者改善住房条件的主要途径。然而,虽然自购商品房已经成为主流,消费者在购房时也越来越精明,但消费者往往在买房时善于比较各家楼盘价格的情况,却忽略了对购商品房所要缴的费“货比三家”,而且绝大多数人都不知道买一手商品房该交哪些税费,该何时交,按揭购房又要多交哪些费?为此,记者走访了中国房地产估价师学会理事金贻国及广州房地产界的一些业内人士。

要分清三类收费金贻国认为,要知道购房到底要缴哪些费,首先要弄明白这些费的种类。金贻国说,根据性质不同,消费者在购房时要缴的费分为三类。第一类是国家要收的税;第二类是政府要收的费;第三类是中介服务机构要收的服务费。他说,目前房地产商总是将三类税费混在一起,巧立名目,出现了诸如综合服务费之类的收费,这些乱收费情况使得消费者的利益受到了很大的损害。前两类都有严格标准,而第三类则是随着市场定价,只有善于区别各类收费,善于比较第三类收费,才能够抵制乱收费。
何时缴费,缴多少费明确三类收费之后,消费者还要知道,到底要缴哪些费,这些费用在什么时候收取,要收多少费用。对此,记者到国土房管局为消费者取得了具体的数据。据了解,国家要收的税包括印花税和契税,其中印花税按总房价的0.05%收取,而契税目前来说则是按总房价的1.5%收取。其中,印花税和50%的契税是在交付首期时缴纳,另50%的契税则在办理产权证时交齐。
另据了解,现在国家出台了调整15项收费的文件,以后契税将降到0.75%,但具体时间还不确定。另外,政府要收的费主要包括交易管理费、产权测绘费、房产、土地登记费。据记者在有关部门了解到,目前交易管理费是按总房价的0.1%收取,而产权测绘费则根据房屋面积的不同收取的费用也不同。房屋面积在50平方米(含本数)以下的,每宗收80元,房屋面积在50~100平方米(含本数)之间的,每宗收120元,房屋面积超过100平方米的,每超过100平方米,加收40元,不足100平方米的按100平方米算。初始房产、土地登记费则是每宗收取90元。这些费用作为政府部门要收的费,也是在交付首期时缴纳。
要提防税费陷阱不久前,一名在广州市区某楼盘购买了一套大房子的香港业主,由于不了解内地一些相关税费的收取情况,在缴交契税时还是按照原有的6%缴纳(现在是1.5%,将要降到0.75%),单单这一项,这名业主就多交了几万元。在咨询了律师以后,虽得知了真相,但由于没有注意合同中设下的条文陷阱,这名业主连打官司都难以取证,最后只能吃哑巴亏。
另外,诸如维修基金等早已不由业主缴交的费用,一些开发商利用消费者不了解市场,在合同中玩弄文字游戏,让业主上当受骗。譬如在办理按揭过程中,开发商到房管局备案时并不收费,但一些开发商巧立名目收取抵押备案登记费一百到几百元不等。大多数消费者对此也并不清楚。

除了房价,我们还要付多少钱?

众所周知,业主在购房时,除了要交纳依据建筑面积或是使用面积计算的房价外,还必须按有关部门的规定交纳税费。不少买家都很关心:购买一套房子时,除了单纯的楼价,还要额外付多少钱呢? 作为房价中不可或缺的一部分,了解它显然是很必要的。在此,我们以广

Stainless Steel Washer

stainless steel commercial flat washers are used under bolt heads or nuts to increase the bearing surface area, or to offer protection so that the nut or bolt can be rotated without distortion of the bearing surface. Flat washers are also used to give tightness to a joint, to prevent leakage, and especially to distribute pressure under the head of a bolt or nut. Dimensional specifications are governed by ASME B18.21.1. Commercial flat washers generally have a larger outer diameter than SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) flat washers, and can be utilized in nearly any application. stainless steel fasteners are commonly used in applications that require general atmospheric corrosion resist ance, such as chemical and food processing equipment. Stainless steel has a higher corrosion resistance than carbon steel.

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