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As an important strategic resource, graphite is increasingly valued by the industry and relevant national departments. In recent years, with the rapid development of high-tech industries such as electronic information, new energy, environmental protection, and aerospace, new graphite materials have ushered in a broad market space. The pace of technological upgrading and intensive processing in the industry has also accelerated. At the China Microcrystalline Graphite Industry Development Summit held recently in Zhangzhou, more than 200 representatives from domestic government, industry, academia and research conducted extensive discussions on the development of the graphite industry. At the meeting, the Microcrystalline Graphite Industry Alliance was also established, and a number of agreements such as “Enterprise and University R&D Cooperation†were signed.
Lack of high-end technology
Low-end capacity supply exceeds demand
Graphite has the reputation of “black goldâ€. According to Liu Ronghua, deputy secretary-general of the Graphite Professional Committee of China Non-Metallic Mining Industry Association, graphite has high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, thermal shock resistance, high strength, good toughness, high self-lubricating strength, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, plasticity, coating properties, etc. The unique physical and chemical properties are widely used in metallurgy, machinery, electronics, chemical, light industry, military, defense, aerospace and refractory industries. It is an indispensable non-metallic material for the development of today's high-tech industries.
It is understood that the world's major graphite producing countries are China, India, Brazil, Canada, North Korea and Turkey. The graphite production in the above six countries accounts for 92% of the world's total production. Among them, China's graphite ore reserves account for about 70% of the world's total graphite ore reserves.
From the perspective of production and reserves, China is a big graphite country. However, from the perspective of production and processing technology, China's graphite industry has fallen into a big but not awkward situation. According to Chen Yuqun, secretary general of the Heilongjiang Graphite Industry Association, China's graphite industry started late compared with industrial developed countries. Some enterprises' graphite flotation process, technology and equipment are relatively backward, with low output, high energy consumption and low resource utilization. In particular, the core technologies in intensive processing and high-end products are mostly in developed countries such as the United States, Germany, Japan, and Russia. These countries have imposed technical blockades on China and it is extremely difficult to introduce them. "The lack of high-end practical technology and talents, the lack of core new skills in enterprises has become a bottleneck restricting the development of China's graphite industry."
The current status of this technology directly caused the oversupply of graphite primary processing products in China. According to Liu Ronghua, in 2010, graphite prices soared, and companies engaged in the graphite industry were profitable. These companies continued to expand production capacity and invest in new spherical graphite and other processing projects. At the same time, some foreign companies have also entered the graphite industry, investing heavily in the acquisition of graphite mines and carrying out primary graphite processing projects. "In this context, China's current graphite production capacity is too large."
Chen Yuqun said, "In recent years, graphite has been used as a supplementary raw material for the production of new high-efficiency energy devices such as fuel cells, lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors. It has gained a lot of new applications and has broad market prospects. However, due to the current situation, China's graphite and products are mostly low-end products. The added value is low. As the smelting industry suppresses overcapacity and eliminates backward production capacity, the amount of refractory used as a quarter of the total graphite consumption is correspondingly reduced, which has a greater impact on the sales price of graphite. The price of fine powder is mostly low."
“The most important problem in the graphite industry is that the demand in the high-end market is increasing, and the low-end products are surplus, and the enterprises are struggling in the low-efficiency state,†said Xiang Qi, secretary general of the graphite professional committee of the China Non-Metallic Mining Industry Association.
Industrial upgrading promotes healthy development of the industry
Regarding the current problems in the industry, Xiang Qi believes that “the fundamental path is industrial upgrading.â€
"Industry upgrading is mainly to improve management level, carry out technological upgrading, introduce advanced technology, change the status quo of backward technology, and ensure that the production process and results can meet or meet the requirements of the state and the market." Xiang Qi said, "Upgrading In the process of the process, the basic balance between supply and demand can be achieved through the adjustment of the market. Of course, the government needs to strengthen supervision and the enterprise itself needs to actively innovate.
Faced with the problems in the above-mentioned industries, Chen Yuqun also said that it is necessary to guide enterprises to adhere to the use of advanced technology and processing equipment in the production process, adopt advanced management concepts, and constantly promote the upgrading of enterprises, through scientific and technological progress, to make graphite enterprises In the processing technology, it can still become the leader in the graphite industry at the management level. He suggested that the graphite industry should strive to emancipate the mind, use its brains, innovate in thinking, innovate in work, make up its mind, and strive to increase the research and development of new graphite materials and new products. Relying on domestic universities and scientific research institutions, we will strive to achieve major breakthroughs in fast charging large-capacity power batteries, high-performance sealing materials and market applications of graphene in a short period of time, and take the world's leading new graphite materials and products. , among the world's forefront.
In addition, Liu Ronghua suggested relying on the national science and technology plan to organize and implement a batch of application demonstrations of major graphite innovative products (engineering) across various fields and plans, and promote the establishment of R&D systems and new product development through major technical projects or demonstration projects, and accelerate the formation. A group of leading graphite enterprises with strong innovation ability and core competitiveness have driven the development of high-end graphite products. At the same time, he also proposed to build an industrial cluster based on superior resources, which in turn constitutes a multi-level industrial chain. Relying on high-tech zones and characteristic industrial bases, in the areas where the mines are located or have R&D and production advantages, a number of industrial clusters with outstanding characteristics, well-known at home and abroad, and international competitiveness are formed.
Extended industry chain
Deep processing and mining market potential
In order to change the status quo of the graphite industry and improve the efficiency of resource utilization and added value, most of the regions with rich graphite resources in China have issued relevant development policies. For example, Heilongjiang Province has formulated a series of implementation plans for the development of the graphite industry. In terms of the environment, six measures to cure graphite environmental pollution were introduced: intensive use of resources, accelerated upgrading and upgrading, extension of industrial chain, improvement of access mechanism, enhancement of tailings comprehensive remediation, creation of green mines; and introduction of graphite production in extending industrial chains High-tech enterprises accelerate the upgrading and transformation of traditional graphite washing and processing technology, and realize the transformation of industrial structure from primary products to deep processing and products.
Guided by good policies and mechanisms, some cities and counties with abundant graphite resources in Heilongjiang Province have accelerated the upgrading of the graphite industry. At the beginning of this year, the Jixi Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government proposed to use the city's efforts to accelerate the creation of a “two black and one green†industrial cluster. Focus on the construction of graphite deep processing industry cluster, and accelerate the development of graphite new materials industry with seven major industrial chains, such as sealing materials, superhard materials, energy storage materials, refractory materials and conductive materials.
The Luobei Graphite Industrial Park in Hegang City has developed into a model for the graphite industry. Chen Yuqun said that the healthy and sustainable development of the graphite industry can draw on and promote the Hegang Luobei model, integrate resources, and implement a mine. Fundamentally change the disorderly mining of some mining areas, and the resource allocation is not reasonable. We will rationally allocate resources to mineral processing and deep processing enterprises that meet the conditions for access, realize resource allocation to lean processing enterprises, tilt to core leading enterprises, and lean toward technology and product leading enterprises to create higher value for limited resources. In 2013, the spherical graphite production capacity of Luobei Graphite Industrial Park reached 45,000 tons, and the conversion rate of graphite fine powder reached a breakthrough of zero in 2012, reaching 28.57% in just two years. The deep processing project extends from a single spherical graphite to a lithium battery anode material, heat sink material and other projects and products, and the industrial layout is more reasonable.
In recent years, Cangzhou City, Hunan Province, which is known as the “hometown of microcrystalline graphiteâ€, adheres to the guiding ideology of “intensive and resource conservation†and regards the development of microcrystalline graphite as an important starting point for promoting industrial upgrading and transformation, and through the strategy with China National Building Material Group. Cooperation, the suspension of production, reorganization and restructuring of more than 200 graphite mining enterprises in China. At present, the graphite deep processing industrial base has been gradually formed, and the overall quality and competitiveness of the industry have been greatly improved.
While local governments and parks advocate transformation and upgrading, some large enterprises themselves have already recognized this point, actively carried out related research, and strengthened the construction of deep processing projects. Such as Inner Mongolia Ruisheng New Energy Co., Ltd., Southern Graphite Co., Ltd., Jixi Beitailui Graphite Industrial Park Co., Ltd., China Railway Resources Group.
According to relevant persons from Luobei Graphite Industrial Park, the prospect of graphite deep processing market is very broad. Taking the negative electrode material of lithium-ion battery as an example, according to the goal set by the state, in 2020, China's electric vehicles can reach 4 million, and each car is equipped with 3 batteries. The calculation of 20 kg of negative electrode material for each hybrid car battery will drive 24 The production scale of 10,000 tons of anode materials. At present, graphite is deeply processed from fine powder into lithium ion battery anode material, and the price per ton in the market can jump from 3,000 yuan to 70,000 yuan.
“Encourage the development of graphite deep processing projects to better protect graphite resources and fully exploit the value of graphite.†Liu Ronghua said that national and local governments should support graphite deep processing projects and propose to introduce financial capital into the graphite industry to form interactive benefits.
Lack of high-end technology
Low-end capacity supply exceeds demand
Graphite has the reputation of “black goldâ€. According to Liu Ronghua, deputy secretary-general of the Graphite Professional Committee of China Non-Metallic Mining Industry Association, graphite has high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, thermal shock resistance, high strength, good toughness, high self-lubricating strength, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, plasticity, coating properties, etc. The unique physical and chemical properties are widely used in metallurgy, machinery, electronics, chemical, light industry, military, defense, aerospace and refractory industries. It is an indispensable non-metallic material for the development of today's high-tech industries.
It is understood that the world's major graphite producing countries are China, India, Brazil, Canada, North Korea and Turkey. The graphite production in the above six countries accounts for 92% of the world's total production. Among them, China's graphite ore reserves account for about 70% of the world's total graphite ore reserves.
From the perspective of production and reserves, China is a big graphite country. However, from the perspective of production and processing technology, China's graphite industry has fallen into a big but not awkward situation. According to Chen Yuqun, secretary general of the Heilongjiang Graphite Industry Association, China's graphite industry started late compared with industrial developed countries. Some enterprises' graphite flotation process, technology and equipment are relatively backward, with low output, high energy consumption and low resource utilization. In particular, the core technologies in intensive processing and high-end products are mostly in developed countries such as the United States, Germany, Japan, and Russia. These countries have imposed technical blockades on China and it is extremely difficult to introduce them. "The lack of high-end practical technology and talents, the lack of core new skills in enterprises has become a bottleneck restricting the development of China's graphite industry."
The current status of this technology directly caused the oversupply of graphite primary processing products in China. According to Liu Ronghua, in 2010, graphite prices soared, and companies engaged in the graphite industry were profitable. These companies continued to expand production capacity and invest in new spherical graphite and other processing projects. At the same time, some foreign companies have also entered the graphite industry, investing heavily in the acquisition of graphite mines and carrying out primary graphite processing projects. "In this context, China's current graphite production capacity is too large."
Chen Yuqun said, "In recent years, graphite has been used as a supplementary raw material for the production of new high-efficiency energy devices such as fuel cells, lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors. It has gained a lot of new applications and has broad market prospects. However, due to the current situation, China's graphite and products are mostly low-end products. The added value is low. As the smelting industry suppresses overcapacity and eliminates backward production capacity, the amount of refractory used as a quarter of the total graphite consumption is correspondingly reduced, which has a greater impact on the sales price of graphite. The price of fine powder is mostly low."
“The most important problem in the graphite industry is that the demand in the high-end market is increasing, and the low-end products are surplus, and the enterprises are struggling in the low-efficiency state,†said Xiang Qi, secretary general of the graphite professional committee of the China Non-Metallic Mining Industry Association.
Industrial upgrading promotes healthy development of the industry
Regarding the current problems in the industry, Xiang Qi believes that “the fundamental path is industrial upgrading.â€
"Industry upgrading is mainly to improve management level, carry out technological upgrading, introduce advanced technology, change the status quo of backward technology, and ensure that the production process and results can meet or meet the requirements of the state and the market." Xiang Qi said, "Upgrading In the process of the process, the basic balance between supply and demand can be achieved through the adjustment of the market. Of course, the government needs to strengthen supervision and the enterprise itself needs to actively innovate.
Faced with the problems in the above-mentioned industries, Chen Yuqun also said that it is necessary to guide enterprises to adhere to the use of advanced technology and processing equipment in the production process, adopt advanced management concepts, and constantly promote the upgrading of enterprises, through scientific and technological progress, to make graphite enterprises In the processing technology, it can still become the leader in the graphite industry at the management level. He suggested that the graphite industry should strive to emancipate the mind, use its brains, innovate in thinking, innovate in work, make up its mind, and strive to increase the research and development of new graphite materials and new products. Relying on domestic universities and scientific research institutions, we will strive to achieve major breakthroughs in fast charging large-capacity power batteries, high-performance sealing materials and market applications of graphene in a short period of time, and take the world's leading new graphite materials and products. , among the world's forefront.
In addition, Liu Ronghua suggested relying on the national science and technology plan to organize and implement a batch of application demonstrations of major graphite innovative products (engineering) across various fields and plans, and promote the establishment of R&D systems and new product development through major technical projects or demonstration projects, and accelerate the formation. A group of leading graphite enterprises with strong innovation ability and core competitiveness have driven the development of high-end graphite products. At the same time, he also proposed to build an industrial cluster based on superior resources, which in turn constitutes a multi-level industrial chain. Relying on high-tech zones and characteristic industrial bases, in the areas where the mines are located or have R&D and production advantages, a number of industrial clusters with outstanding characteristics, well-known at home and abroad, and international competitiveness are formed.
Extended industry chain
Deep processing and mining market potential
In order to change the status quo of the graphite industry and improve the efficiency of resource utilization and added value, most of the regions with rich graphite resources in China have issued relevant development policies. For example, Heilongjiang Province has formulated a series of implementation plans for the development of the graphite industry. In terms of the environment, six measures to cure graphite environmental pollution were introduced: intensive use of resources, accelerated upgrading and upgrading, extension of industrial chain, improvement of access mechanism, enhancement of tailings comprehensive remediation, creation of green mines; and introduction of graphite production in extending industrial chains High-tech enterprises accelerate the upgrading and transformation of traditional graphite washing and processing technology, and realize the transformation of industrial structure from primary products to deep processing and products.
Guided by good policies and mechanisms, some cities and counties with abundant graphite resources in Heilongjiang Province have accelerated the upgrading of the graphite industry. At the beginning of this year, the Jixi Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government proposed to use the city's efforts to accelerate the creation of a “two black and one green†industrial cluster. Focus on the construction of graphite deep processing industry cluster, and accelerate the development of graphite new materials industry with seven major industrial chains, such as sealing materials, superhard materials, energy storage materials, refractory materials and conductive materials.
The Luobei Graphite Industrial Park in Hegang City has developed into a model for the graphite industry. Chen Yuqun said that the healthy and sustainable development of the graphite industry can draw on and promote the Hegang Luobei model, integrate resources, and implement a mine. Fundamentally change the disorderly mining of some mining areas, and the resource allocation is not reasonable. We will rationally allocate resources to mineral processing and deep processing enterprises that meet the conditions for access, realize resource allocation to lean processing enterprises, tilt to core leading enterprises, and lean toward technology and product leading enterprises to create higher value for limited resources. In 2013, the spherical graphite production capacity of Luobei Graphite Industrial Park reached 45,000 tons, and the conversion rate of graphite fine powder reached a breakthrough of zero in 2012, reaching 28.57% in just two years. The deep processing project extends from a single spherical graphite to a lithium battery anode material, heat sink material and other projects and products, and the industrial layout is more reasonable.
In recent years, Cangzhou City, Hunan Province, which is known as the “hometown of microcrystalline graphiteâ€, adheres to the guiding ideology of “intensive and resource conservation†and regards the development of microcrystalline graphite as an important starting point for promoting industrial upgrading and transformation, and through the strategy with China National Building Material Group. Cooperation, the suspension of production, reorganization and restructuring of more than 200 graphite mining enterprises in China. At present, the graphite deep processing industrial base has been gradually formed, and the overall quality and competitiveness of the industry have been greatly improved.
While local governments and parks advocate transformation and upgrading, some large enterprises themselves have already recognized this point, actively carried out related research, and strengthened the construction of deep processing projects. Such as Inner Mongolia Ruisheng New Energy Co., Ltd., Southern Graphite Co., Ltd., Jixi Beitailui Graphite Industrial Park Co., Ltd., China Railway Resources Group.
According to relevant persons from Luobei Graphite Industrial Park, the prospect of graphite deep processing market is very broad. Taking the negative electrode material of lithium-ion battery as an example, according to the goal set by the state, in 2020, China's electric vehicles can reach 4 million, and each car is equipped with 3 batteries. The calculation of 20 kg of negative electrode material for each hybrid car battery will drive 24 The production scale of 10,000 tons of anode materials. At present, graphite is deeply processed from fine powder into lithium ion battery anode material, and the price per ton in the market can jump from 3,000 yuan to 70,000 yuan.
“Encourage the development of graphite deep processing projects to better protect graphite resources and fully exploit the value of graphite.†Liu Ronghua said that national and local governments should support graphite deep processing projects and propose to introduce financial capital into the graphite industry to form interactive benefits.
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