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Energy is the material basis for the survival of human society and an important resource for economic and social development. At present, the total amount of energy produced and consumed every year in the world exceeds 10 billion tons of standard oil, of which about 90% is fossil energy. Fossil energy is non-renewable. Its large-scale development and utilization rapidly consumes precious resources accumulated by the earth for millions of years. At the same time, it causes serious environmental problems such as climate change and ecological destruction.
It is imperative to develop and utilize renewable energy, and it is a common issue for the sustainable development of human society. As an important renewable energy source, solar energy has unique development advantages and huge space for development. Solar energy is inexhaustible. The annual solar radiation received on the earth's surface is about 120,000 terawatts, which means that the solar energy received every 1 hour is enough to meet the world's energy consumption for one year.
The conversion of solar energy into chemical energy and storage in the form of hydrogen is an important way to solve current energy shortages and environmental pollution. Hydrogen has high energy density, clean and environmental protection, and is easy to use. It generates water during combustion and does not produce any pollutants. It is an ideal energy carrier; hydrogen energy is compatible and compatible with existing energy systems, and can be easily and efficiently converted to electricity. Heat, with high conversion efficiency. If solar photocatalysis is used to decompose water to produce large amounts of hydrogen, humans will be able to fundamentally eliminate environmental pollution and ease the energy shortage. The countries in the world are paying great attention to investing a lot of manpower and material resources to carry out relevant research and have made many important advances.
The supermolecular photochemical research team of the Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences has long devoted itself to the research of photochemical transformation. Recently, team members used quantum dot, an emerging "artificial atom," to design and synthesize novel structures and compositions of artificial photosynthesis catalysts, and established methods for the in situ preparation of artificial photosynthesis catalysts by using quantum dots and inexpensive metals, which are highly efficient, stable, and inexpensive. The artificial light synthesis catalyst has made a breakthrough in the research of visible light catalytic hydrogen production. For example, an artificial light-synthesis catalyst Coh-CdTe with a cavity structure was successfully prepared by irradiation of MPA-CdTe quantum dots and inorganic cobalt salts with visible light.
70 hours light irradiation in the presence of ascorbic acid, the hydrogen production rate of Coh-CdTe is 25 μmol h-1mg-1, the hydrogen generation efficiency TON is as high as 219100 (based on the quantum dot molar concentration) or 59600 (based on the catalyst concentration of Co); the MPA- is irradiated with visible light An in situ preparation of Nih-CdSe/CdS core-shell structured artificial photocatalysts was performed using CdSe quantum dots and inorganic nickel salt in isopropanol aqueous solution. Under visible light irradiation for 10 hours, the hydrogen production rate of Nih-CdSe/CdS reaches 153 μmolh-1mg-1, the hydrogen generation efficiency TON reaches 15340 (based on the molar concentration of CdSe quantum dots) or 18000 (Ni concentration based on the catalyst), and the visible light 410nm photocatalytic production The internal quantum efficiency of hydrogen is 11.2%.
The NiH-CdSe/CdS core-shell structure artificial photocatalysts generated after illumination were revealed by XRD, XPS and ICP-AES. Steady-state and time-resolved spectra demonstrated that photoinduced electron transfer of nickel ions to CdSe QDs occurred after photoexcitation. ESR and spectroscopic experiments confirmed the production of hydroxyl radicals and acetone during light irradiation, indicating that water participates in the entire catalytic cycle. The relevant research results are published in the international journal Energy Environ. Sci. 2013, 6(2), 465-469 and Adv. Mater. 2013, 25(45), 6613-6618. , and as a front cover and back cover article to recommend to readers.
Related research work has received strong support from the "973" Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology, the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
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