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Solar energy is considered to be the cleanest energy source in the 21st century, and photolysis of water to make hydrogen is a way to directly convert solar radiation energy into hydrogen energy. It is a new energy technology with great development potential. The co-catalyst can promote photo-induced charge separation and provide reactive sites, and has been widely used in the field of photocatalysis. Although precious metal platinum materials have long been proven to be an excellent photocatalytic water-producing hydrogen co-catalyst, their high cost has prompted people to look for ways to reduce the amount of platinum used. Prof. Xiong Yujie of the University of Science and Technology of China has designed a class of cocatalysts with an atomic-accurate shell structure for this bottleneck, which greatly reduces the amount of platinum used in noble metals and significantly increases the performance of hydrogen production from photolysis of water. The research results were published online today in Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508024, and was selected as the VIP Paper of this journal.
The innovation of this work is that researchers have designed a class of palladium-platinum core-shell co-catalysts with atomic-accuracy shells based on the interface charge polarization mechanism previously developed by the research group. This unique design utilizes the potential difference between palladium and platinum metals as the "movement" driving force of photo-electron in semiconductors, making electrons spontaneously sequentially "send" from semiconductors to metallic palladium and platinum, and finally accumulates outside the metallic platinum shell. The surface, which drives the efficient photolysis of water to produce hydrogen on the platinum surface. Its collaborator Jiang Jun described the charge evolution process through theoretical simulations. The research team of Lu Junling used carbon monoxide as a probe molecule to clearly reflect the selective aggregation effect of charge on the surface of platinum metal in the infrared spectrum, thus confirming that The mechanism of action.
The interface polarization mechanism puts forward high demands on the accuracy of the shell for the thickness of the shell. Therefore, the researchers developed a synthetic method for precise control of the shell thickness, which can be grown in the liquid phase system without the use of costly atomic layer deposition techniques. A few atomic layers of metal shells. Based on the development of this technology, the hydrogen production efficiency from photolysis of water is 322 times higher than that of semiconductor photocatalyst without catalyst, and 8.2 times higher than that of conventional pure platinum promoter. At the same time, the design replaced metal platinum with a relatively inexpensive palladium core, which also achieved a certain degree of material cost reduction. The study proposes a new interface engineering idea, which will expand people's ability to control the "microscopic engine" of electron motion in solar-chemical transformation and promote the rational design of high-efficiency photocatalysts.
The research work was funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology's "973" program, the National Natural Science Foundation, the National Youth 1000 Program, the Chinese Academy of Sciences 100-person plan, and the university's important direction project training fund.
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