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The logistics industry is a basic and strategic industry that supports the development of the national economy. Shared freight, characterized by the integration and sharing of transport resources, is an important innovation model for sharing logistics. With the help of mobile Internet technology innovation, the shared freight model can co-ordinate social transportation resources, reduce the no-load rate, and achieve good economic and social benefits. However, there are still bottlenecks in data access and invoicing, and relevant policy systems need to be introduced to crack.
The State Council executive meeting held recently pointed out that it is necessary to promote the innovation and development of the road freight industry. In China's logistics cost structure, transportation costs account for the highest proportion, sometimes even more than half. The logistics industry needs to reduce costs and increase efficiency, and the transportation link is the main one. As a new business model, the sharing economy is favored by the industry. In the field of shared passenger transportation, the convenience and efficiency of the network car is well known to the public; in the field of shared freight, with the help of mobile Internet technology innovation, the intensive use of social transportation resources, the satisfaction of shippers, and the development status of the platform, what kind of picture is presented? The reporter launched an investigation into this.
More than 20 million freight drivers, sharing freight greatly shortens the matching time of goods
“Before I used to keep in the wholesale market, the door of the community, etc., now I can sit on the house and hold the mobile phone to talk about the one-way waybill.†Liu Baosheng, a cargo driver who lives in Beijing’s Shilihe, is engaged in the construction of building materials. He joined 58 years ago. After the speed platform, his work mode changed from the offline "small live" to the online one-click "snap".
Liu Baosheng is a member of the army of drivers who join the shared freight platform. Since 2014, a large number of “Internet + Logistics†platforms have been emerging, which are highly sought after by capital and entrepreneurs. At most, there are more than 170 on the market. Compared with familiar, easy-to-drop, drip, etc., what is the shared freight?
“The three elements of the sharing economy are overcapacity, shared platforms and collaborative sharing. The three elements in the logistics industry are mainly in the field of road freight transportation. The main areas of coverage are the trunk transportation and urban distribution sectors.†China Logistics and Purchasing Federation Zhou Zhicheng, the director of the room, said that the relevant head platform enterprises have taken the lead in the cargo brokerage business based on the matching transaction, and are accelerating the direction of the car-free carrier that charges the whole freight, assumes the whole transportation responsibility, and mainly uses the freight forwarding transaction. development of.
What are the factors that led to the birth of shared freight? There is demand in the market, and all kinds of pain points in the traditional way of shipping call for the arrival of a new freight mode. Luo Peng, co-president of the Mangang Group and CEO of the truck, said that China has the world's largest road logistics market, but the freight industry participants are extremely fragmented, and the industry chain is long and has many links, resulting in low circulation efficiency and high cost. The social transformation and the maximization of idle vehicles have become urgent needs.
At present, China's road freight industry employs more than 20 million people and undertakes two-thirds of the nation's freight tasks, of which more than 90% of large trucks are self-employed. Before the emergence of the shared freight mode, the information exchange methods of the cargo owner and the driver were mostly carried out face to face in the logistics park through the small blackboard. "The driver finds the goods difficult, the cargo owner finds the driver difficult." The average delivery time takes 3 to 5 days, and the no-load rate Up to 40%. According to the data of China Federation of Materials, the ratio of total social logistics costs to GDP has dropped from 18% in 2012 to 14.5% today, but it is still 5 to 6 percentage points higher than that of developed countries, and the potential for cost reduction and efficiency is large.
The technology has a foundation to prepare for the arrival of the shared cargo vent. As one of the typical application scenarios of “Internet + Logisticsâ€, shared freight requires mobile Internet, big data, cloud, artificial intelligence and other technologies as support, while China's netizens are the world's number one, becoming a high-quality experimental field for Internet innovation and application, and related technology development. Ascendant.
Zhou Zhicheng believes that unlike the “people flow†travel market in the city, the sharing of “logistics†belongs to the industrial Internet category. The service target is the industrial driver and the fleet, and the small and medium cargo owners and contract logistics enterprises. “The industry Internet not only focuses on the convenience of the business, but also on the compliance of the business, especially the integrity of the tax chain and the compliance of government regulations.â€
The trunk transportation sharing platform integrates the freight market and has outstanding economic and social benefits.
“In recent years, there have been some new features in smart logistics, and many typical application scenarios have been developed.†He Liming, president of China Federation of Materials, said that in the field of “Internet + efficient transportationâ€, online supply and demand information will be online and real-time shared and will be dispersed. The freight market is effectively integrated to improve the operational efficiency of transportation; in the field of “Internet + convenient distributionâ€, the construction of the city's distribution capacity pool enables advanced modes such as joint distribution, centralized distribution, and intelligent distribution to effectively solve the “last mileâ€. "The pain point."
The so-called "Internet + efficient transportation", corresponding to the trunk logistics in the shared freight, its typical platform is Chuanhua and Manbang. According to Xu Guanju, Chairman of Chuanhua Group, around the whole process of the supply chain, the intelligent logistics system connects the factory goods, the trucks running on the road, the logistics enterprises, the logistics centers and the storage points, forming a “one-to-oneâ€, realizing the whole network scheduling and full Network command, network monitoring.
Full help is the product of the merger of trucks and trucks in November last year. It is reported that as of January this year, the trucks have signed up to 5.2 million vehicles. “Based on the platform, due to the reduction of air driving and the promotion of operational efficiency, last year we saved 86 billion yuan of fuel consumption for the society and reduced carbon emissions by 46 million tons,†Luo Peng said.
The so-called "Internet + convenient distribution" corresponds to the same city express transport in shared freight, and its typical platform has cargo pull and 58 speed. According to industry insiders, the scale of China's same-city cargo market is growing year by year, and the total market volume has exceeded 1.5 trillion yuan last year. Affected by factors such as new retail and smart logistics, the same city freight will occupy 70% of the city's logistics.
“Greening is a trend in the future of cargo transportation in the same city.†The person in charge of the cargo puller said that in the case of Shenzhen, the number of orders for cargo and new energy vehicles has accounted for more than 1/3 of the total daily city orders. One step will also encourage and guide new energy vehicles to join the platform through greater incentives.
The driver and the owner are "two sweet", the invoice is issued and the data is still open.
It is easy to find goods, and the income has increased. This is the general feeling of drivers participating in shared freight transportation.
"I used to get black early, and I ran two or three times a day. After the delivery, I often came back empty, and the white oil. Now the diligent master can run 8-10 times a day. Go to the previous destination. After that, it will take a long time to receive the next order." Liu Baosheng said.
Drivers of trunk transportation also have the same feeling of gain. As a plateau truck driver, Zhang Shunhong often travels between Kunming and Pu'er. The route spans several hundred kilometers, and the maximum drop is over several kilometers. The one-way journey of the truck is about ten hours, and the water consumption is huge. When you go back and forth, you have to be tired, and you have to pay for it if you don’t pull it."
"By screening the massive sources of goods released by the freight forwarders on the shared platform, the intelligent system in the background is matched in real time, and my receiving time is quickly shortened to 2-3 hours. Just look at the mobile phone and find goods and reservations anytime, anywhere. Save the trouble of running errands before, and the extra expenses such as information fees are also saved." Zhang Shunhong said.
The cargo owners also liked it. “Multiple, fast, good, and provincialâ€, this is the key word given by Shenzhen self-owned Tao Xun to shared freight. There is a huge amount of capacity on the platform. This is “moreâ€; after one-click order, there will be driver response within 10 seconds. It can be reached in 15 minutes. This is "fast"; the platform driver has five certificates, and he has been trained in the system before he is employed. After the goods are used, the sellers will form a supervision mechanism and force the service to be perfect. This is "good."
"The so-called province is to save money, standardize the charges, and bid farewell to some traditional freighters to sit on the ground." Tao Wei counted a fine account, in Shenzhen, calculated by 20 kilometers, in the past, small bread, bread, The prices of small trucks and medium trucks need 100 yuan, 130 yuan, 180 yuan, 250 yuan respectively; through the shared freight platform, the corresponding costs are only 60 yuan, 95 yuan, 110 yuan, 150 yuan.
Many of the sellers surveyed said that in the era of consumption upgrading, people are paying more attention to the speed and convenience of freight while pursuing the safety of goods. The increasingly mature shared cargo platform on the market will enhance the initiative of users to choose drivers, while reducing communication costs and meeting the personalized freight needs of different consumers.
Sharing the “two sweets†of freight does not mean that there are no pain points in development. "At present, the issue of invoicing is still the main problem that restricts the development of shared freight. Whether it is the brokerage business of the matching transaction or the car-free carrier business based on freight forwarding transactions, most of the individual drivers are unable to issue the shipper to the service. The issue of special invoices for value-added tax. Zhou Zhicheng suggested that relevant departments can work hard on the regulatory ideas of “returning property rights to the ontology, returning to the right, and returning to the sourceâ€, and actively promote the introduction of relevant policies and systems.
In addition, information barriers and the lack of necessary authorization issues remain. The insiders reflected that the current data on truck drivers, the blacklist data of logistics companies in banks, the frequency of fines for truck drivers, the frequency of overloading, and the frequency of traffic violations have not been interconnected, which has affected the services provided by the shared freight platform to some extent. the quality of. “Platform companies hope to cooperate with relevant administrative agencies to promote the sharing of data. According to this platform, the driver can better understand the situation of drivers and provide more personalized services. The relevant rights and interests of drivers are also more secure.†Luo Peng said.
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