German photovoltaic industry policy

Germany: The German Electricity Supply Act of 1990 requires wind power, solar energy, hydropower, and biomass energy to be executed at 90% of the retail price of residential electricity. In addition, policies such as direct investment subsidies and low interest rates are also implemented. The German government established 1,000 solar cell roofing plans in 1990. The new renewable energy law stipulates that the on-grid electricity price for photovoltaic power generation is 0.5-0.6 euros/kWh; the government subsidy amounts to 1.1 billion marks, and it implements zero-interest rates and repays for 10 years. This has greatly promoted the development of the photovoltaic market and industry, making Germany the fastest growing country in the world after Japan.

In 1998, the German government further proposed the "100,000 Roofs Program", which was implemented in 2000 to obtain 300 megawatts of solar power from these roofs. This move greatly stimulated the photovoltaic market in Germany and the world. "One hundred thousand roof plans" is roughly divided into two aspects. On the one hand, the government encourages residents to install solar photovoltaic power generation systems on their own roofs, and the electricity generated is forced by the government to order power grid companies to make acquisitions. In this way, every family has the power to install, because the money to sell electricity after installing solar power equipment can not only recover costs but also generate profits. With 1.2 million rooftop independent solar power systems, the electricity generated from the grid connection is very impressive. In the second aspect, the government or the grid company's purchase of funds is not a matter of spending, but it is shared publicly. The method is also very simple. It is to balance the electricity generated by solar energy or wind energy with electricity, water, electricity, and nuclear power on the electricity grid. The average result is that the electricity consumption price of residents is slightly higher, but the rate of increase is not high. Households only spend one euro a month.

The German "Priority Law on Renewable Energy" of 2000 clarified the classification of electricity price system. The fixed electricity price has actually become a guarantee for the project, and it is very beneficial to SMEs' projects**. In April 2000, the German government introduced the "Feed-In Tariff" policy for low-interest rates of 100,000 rooftop plans. The solar energy product provider promises that once the price is implemented for 20 years and the solar energy is integrated into the public power grid, the output per kilowatt-hour of electricity will receive a return of about 50 cents from the government; for these newly-contracted contracts, this promised price will be reduced each year. 5% to encourage solar manufacturers to reduce technological costs, form a positive and powerful boost to the German solar market, expand its market size from below 20 megawatts per year to 130 megawatts per year, attract investor participation, and maintain The market continues to grow. The cost is shared by all electricity users, and the utility sector has not been negatively impacted. The government does not need to allocate funds every year. In 2005, the installed capacity of photovoltaics in Germany soared to 870 MWp, which accounted for 47.86% of the world market. It is due to the implementation of the "New (Modified) Renewable Energy Law" in Germany in 2004, namely the feed-in tariff law. In 2000, Germany implemented the feed-in tariff law, which stipulated that the on-grid tariff was 0.99 mark/kWh. In 2004, the on-grid tariff method was modified to make the on-grid tariff more reasonable and more in line with the actual costs of various power plants and the interests of investors. It is easier to operate. See the attached table. Most importantly, it is more scientific. It introduced the laws of the market economy into the development of renewable energy through laws and regulations, and solved the problem of funds in the implementation of the on-grid tariff method through the whole-network flat-asset method, allowing the market economic laws and market behavior to play a role and avoiding government actions. All kinds of drawbacks have made Germany's renewable energy development a unique show in the world. The example of Germany has attracted praises and imitations from all countries in the world. Now, 35 countries and 7 regions (Europe, Asia, Australia, and some states in the United States) have implemented the on-grid tariff method (including the whole network flat-rate method). ), of which Europe's response is the most positive.

Schedule of the new energy law in January 2004 to implement the photovoltaic electricity price

System type Grid- connected price for different scale PV systems, Euro/kWh <30kWp 30~100kWp >100kWp Building roof 0.574 0.546 0.54 Building curtain 0.624 0.596 0.59 Ground system 　 0.457 　

System type Different size PV system Feed-in tariff, EUR/kWh

<30kWp 30 to 100kWp>100kWp

Building Roof 0.574 0.546 0.54

Building curtain 0.624 0.596 0.59

Ground system 0.457

The new “Online Electricity Pricing Law” has made the huge photovoltaic market in Germany and Europe become a reality, driving the rapid development of the photovoltaic industry in Europe and even the world. It has not only become the main export market for photovoltaic products in Japan, but also has driven the rapid development of China's photovoltaic industry. .