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China is a large country in the use of antibiotics and a major producer of antibiotics: an annual output of about 210,000 tons of antibiotic raw materials, 30,000 tons of exports to the world people, the remaining 180,000 tons for their own use (including medical and agricultural use), nearly half of antibiotics for animals Breeding. At present, the problem of antibiotic abuse has become a major public health problem in China; antibiotic abuse in China has attracted several warnings from the World Health Organization.
As the world gradually reached a consensus on the abuse of antibiotics, the status and role of antibiotics were suspected and strictly regulated. At the same time as the spread of germs, the research and development of antibiotics has gradually stagnated. At present, medical experts believe that the use of human autoimmunity to defend against superbugs is the most basic and correct approach. Because people usually attach a lot of bacteria. But as long as the body is healthy and resistant, these bacteria have no possibility of making waves. At the same time, in the animal breeding industry, the former vice president and researcher of the Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mo Yuhua also believes that only from the health of the animal body, can it be immune to the immunity of foreign virus. "
Currently, researchers believe that the abuse of antibiotics is the cause of super bacteria. The emergence of super bacteria, in addition to human medicine medicine injections, many antibiotics contained in chicken, duck and fish also played an important role in promoting. Therefore, the Ministry of Agriculture recently stated that in order to enhance consumers' trust in livestock products, it is planned to completely ban the addition of antibiotics to animal feed.
Feng Dingyuan, a professor at the School of Dynamics of South China Agricultural University, believes that the addition of antibiotics to feed is an inevitable result of the development of aquaculture, but he also pointed out: "After the ban of antibiotics, the cost of breeding will increase over time, because the survival rate of animals will be reduced. Cause the loss of farmers; farmers will need to use other products to maintain the health of animals, such as micro-ecological technology or preparations, enzyme preparations and oligosaccharides, etc. These products are often not unique, they must be used together to achieve results, so the cost It will be higher."
So, how do these technologies and products combine with feed nutrient levels and raw material characteristics to achieve health care without antibiotics?
First of all, some anti-nutritional factors commonly contained in feed are mainly protein inhibitors, carbohydrate inhibitors, mineral element bioavailability inhibitors, antagonistic vitamin action factors, and stimulating animal immune system action factors. They interfere with the digestion, absorption and utilization of nutrients in the feed, affecting the digestibility of nutrients. Through some micro-ecological techniques or preparations and enzyme preparations, the purpose of improving the digestion and utilization of raw materials and reducing stress can be achieved. At present, in addition to Lactobacillus, Clostridium butyricum and Streptococcus faecalis, fungi used in microecological preparations include Aspergillus niger, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Bifidobacterium thermophilus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and feces. More than 40 species such as autumn chain. For example, a novel polysaccharide-degrading enzyme recently developed is a compound enzyme preparation mainly composed of a NSP-degrading enzyme and having a cellulase, an amylase, a protease, and a phytate. Its purpose is to minimize the anti-nutritional effect of NSP, fully release the available nutrients in the feed, reduce the waste of feed nutrients, and improve the environmental pollution of animal production.
Secondly, the nitrogen utilization rate in livestock and poultry diets is usually only 30%-50%. To increase the nitrogen utilization rate, the balance of dietary amino acids must be increased. The essential amino acids in the diets account for 45%-55% of the total nitrogen content. At the time, nitrogen utilization is highest. According to statistics, the amount of nitrogen in the diet calculated by the ideal model is reduced by 10% to 12.5%. Therefore, the use of synthetic amino acids in livestock and poultry diets can increase the nitrogen use efficiency of the diet and reduce the excretion of fecal and urine nitrogen, thereby saving feed protein and reducing nitrogen pollution. At the same time, proteins are required for the growth and proliferation of bacteria. By reducing the protein in the diet and increasing its ability to digest, bacterial proliferation can be significantly restricted, most importantly balanced amino acids. At the same time, proper reduction of dietary protein levels is effective in preventing piglet diarrhea.
Furthermore, oligosaccharides are not digested by digestive enzymes in the intestines of animals, and can only be selectively used by microorganisms such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria which are beneficial to the body, and cannot be utilized by microorganisms such as Salmonella and Escherichia coli which are harmful to the body. . After the oligosaccharide is used by the beneficial bacteria, the intestinal beneficial bacteria such as lactobacilli and bifidobacteria are proliferated in a large amount; the beneficial bacteria greatly proliferate the lactic acid, butyric acid, acetic acid and propionic acid, thereby lowering the intestinal pH value, thereby The reproduction of harmful acid-free flora is inhibited, thereby improving the intestinal environment and the proliferation of beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract. Bifidobacteria have a strong immune effect on the animal body.
The application of micro-ecological techniques in feeds, preparations, enzyme preparations, and technologies or products such as oligosaccharides can improve the immunity of the body, thereby relying on the body's own specific or non-specific immunity to resist the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms. At the same time, it can improve the digestibility of feed and reduce the content of nutrients in the feces, so that the nutrients available to microorganisms in the environment are reduced, the threat from the environment and the content of harmful gases in the peripheral environment are greatly reduced, thereby achieving rapid growth and less illness. the goal of.
If analyzed from the structure and organs of the pig body, the micro-ecological techniques in the feed or the use of techniques or products such as preparations, enzyme preparations, and oligosaccharides are mainly directed to the intestines and respiratory tract. The intestine is the main part of digestion and absorption, and the mesenteric lymph nodes are very developed; when the intestinal health is, the digestion and absorption will be better, and the resistance to pathogenic microorganisms will be enhanced due to the lymph nodes; at the same time, due to the digestion and utilization of feed Improve, the harmful gases in the environment are reduced, so the respiratory tract will be more healthy. In addition, the upper respiratory tract and the intestines of the Chinese medicine are in the table, and the health of the intestine can promote the health of the respiratory tract. Moreover, antibiotics are not used in the feed, so the detoxification function of the liver does not need to be overloaded, so the liver is healthy. It can be seen that health-care farming is based on the protection of the liver and the liver. Only in this way can we truly realize the nutrition to regulate the function of immune function, improve immunity and achieve true green and healthy farming.
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