Prevention and treatment methods for diseases such as gray mold and disease of leek

Although chives contain volatile propylene sulfide and have a spicy taste, they also have pests and diseases. The diseases discovered in recent years mainly include gray mold , disease , rust and the like.

1. Gray mold: Recently, it has been found that amaranth "dry tail" and "rotten vegetables" are mainly caused by gray mold. The gray mold of the leek is mainly harmful to the leaves, which are divided into white point type, dry point type and wet rot type. White-pointed and dry-tip type initially produce white or light gray-brown small spots on the front or back of the leaves, which develop downward from the tip of the leaf. The lesions are fusiform or elliptical and can heal each other into plaques, resulting in half or full The leaves are burnt. The dry tip type rots down from the cutting edge and the cut-off point. It is initially water-stained, and then becomes pale green with a brown wheel pattern. After the lesion spreads, it is mostly semi-circular or "v"-shaped and is yellow-brown. The surface is grayish brown or grayish green, and it often occurs when the humidity is high, accompanied by musty. In autumn and winter, the leeks in Guangdong are experiencing dry weather, often with “dry tip”, while in rainy days, wet rot-type “rotten vegetables” are prone to occur. The wet rot type in the storage and transportation of leeks causes complete wet and soft rot.

The pathogen of the disease is Botrytis cinerea, which mainly relies on asexual spores, that is, the gray mold powder on the diseased leaves spreads with airflow and rainwater. In summer, the sclerotia will fall off the soil in summer, and the temperature in autumn, winter and spring will be 15-30 °C. Suitable for its growth and spread, 15-21 ° C is very suitable for disease prevalence. Every time after harvesting the leeks or for a long time, the bacteria will be scattered on the soil surface, causing the new leaves to be infected. The temperature and humidity conditions when planting with the film are suitable for the disease. The main prevention methods are:

(1) Select the disease-resistant variety, pickle, clean the garden in time, remove the diseased body, and use 60% more mold WP or 1000% Pharmaceutical WP 1000 times, or 40% WP powder. 700 times liquid sneeze and sputum face disease prevention.

(2) It is necessary to timely ventilate and dehumidify when covering with cotton film in winter, which is the key to prevention and treatment of the disease. The amount of ventilation should be determined according to the growth of amaranth, and the wind should be strictly prevented.

(3) In the early stage of spraying prevention and treatment, 75% of the fungicides , 40% of the powder, 60% of the mildew, 50% of the quick-acting, 40% of the gray mold, 65% of the mildew, 40% of the cardinal, 70% AIDS, gram, 75% chlorothalonil, 50% smuggling, 72% gram, 32% gram milk, mildew, 30% horn cream, mildew, 25% gray Ling, Wanmianling 1-5, 50% infesticide, quick mold, monocropping, gray mold must be alternately used, sprayed once every 5-7 days, even when sprayed 3-4 This time can control the disease.

2, blight: mainly occurs in the high temperature period in summer, the most likely to occur after the rain is cloudy, the initial incidence is mostly in the middle of the blade or on the tip of the ground. The appearance of being boiled by boiling water, in severe cases all the blades are like burns, and then completely die. The occurrence of blight does not only affect quality, but also loses in severe cases.

The occurrence of blight is caused by the infection of pathogenic bacteria. Under the conditions of high temperature, it is the most susceptible to disease, especially the low-lying terrain, poor drainage, and the rainy and violent weather will suddenly rise. In addition, it is also related to the strength of the leek itself. As the age is too old, or the harvest is too early, the number of harvests is too high, or the soil is too high, it is prone to blight.

Control method: During the period of rooting, properly control the water, avoid the length, and pay attention to drainage. In the early stage of the disease, 2% withered gram, 75% chlorothalonil, 50% kelicin, 50% chlorhexidine, 70% carbendazim plus 70% thiophanate, 50% sputum, 32% gram milk , 30% dt, 15% more suspending agent, Cai Nongle No. 1 or No. 2, green milk copper, lk-cluconin, 30% withered spirit, 40% root rot, 20% virus nemesis, 50% dixon , Xinpu, Baikunning, Smeike and other drugs alternately rotate, spray or root, 5-7 days of medication, 3-6 times in serious cases. Can prevent and cure the disease.

3. Blight: The pseudo-stalks and bulbs of the leek are the most seriously damaged. The diseased leaves start from the lower part and are dark green water-stained lesions. When they spread to half of the leaves, the whole leaves turn yellow, drooping and soft. When the humidity is high, the diseased part produces sparse mildew. When the pseudo stem is damaged, it is water-stained lesions, light brown, soft rot, and the sheath is easily peeled off. When the bulb is damaged, the stem is water-stained lesions, light brown to brown, and rot. Rarely new roots are born, and the growth is obviously weakened.

Control method: drain in time to avoid water accumulation. In the early stage of the disease, 40% ethylphosphorus aluminum, 50% retinococcus, 25% metalaxyl, 58% sulphur zinc, 64% anti-drug, 75% mancozeb, 72.7% Plex, 72% anti-drug can be used. Ling, 32% gram milk, Phytophthora, 40% synergistic Phytophthora, 15% more suspending agent, metalaxyl manganese zinc, 70% thiophanate, 64% oxazuron manganese zinc, 53.8% Killed, 58% Jinshuangfu-manganese zinc, 72% frost dew net, cream exhaust, cardinal, charcoal and other drugs alternately rotate, spray 5 times every 5-7 days, continuous medication 3-5 Times.

4. Rust: Amaranth rust mainly infects leaves and pedicels, initially producing yellow spots on the epidermis, which gradually develop into orange or pink blister spots with spindles or oval ridges, and yellow halos around the lesions. The plaque spreads to a large extent, and after the rupture of the epidermis, orange-yellow or pink powder is scattered. Both sides of the leaf can be infected with the disease. The biggest feature of the disease is rapid development, and the disease is fierce. When the disease is serious, the blister is covered with leaves and Peony.

The pathogen of amaranth rust is rust fungus, which has strong parasitism and is infected by summer spore transfer. In the general autumn, winter and summer in Guangdong, when the weather is warm and the humidity is high, it is especially popular when it is drizzy or foggy. If the disease resistance of the variety is poor, the application of excessive nitrogen fertilizer, excessive planting and phosphorus, potassium fertilizer is more serious, the application of plant ash and trace element foliar fertilizer can also help improve its disease resistance.

Control method: watering should not be too wet, pay attention to field drainage after rain, adopt reasonable formula fertilization, pay attention to increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application. The seedling growth period should use potassium dihydrogen phosphate or potassium sulfate as foliar spray to improve the disease resistance of the plant. In the early stage of the disease, it is necessary to spray the drug in time, and it can not be delayed. The drug can be used with 40% fungus, 12.5% ​​spot powder, nitrile emulsifiable concentrate, 20% triazole copper, 25% enemy force off, 25% rust white powder, 50 % 卡苯得, 50% 速克灵, 50% 扑因因, 70% carbendazim plus 70% thiophanate, 75% mancozeb, 72% gram, rust, diniconazole , special azole, 40% or 50% compound carbendazim suspension, bacteriophage, 40% chlorpyrifos, 53.8% can be added 75% thiophanate, 25% powder, Shigao 50 % carbendazim and other drugs are alternately rotated, sprayed once every 5-7 days, and sprayed more than 3-6 times in severe cases to control the disease.

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