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Abstract: The machine tool industry is an internationally recognized basic equipment manufacturing industry, a strategic industry and a spine industry for the national economy. In the 60 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China, under the care of the party and state leaders, China's machine tool industry has undergone several generations of hard work, from nothing to small, from small to large, and has undergone tremendous changes. Nowadays, it has developed into a reasonable product layout and complete categories. An industry with a large economic scale and strong technical strength.
The machine tool industry is an internationally recognized basic equipment manufacturing industry, a strategic industry and a spine industry for the national economy. In the 60 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China, under the care of the party and state leaders, China's machine tool industry has undergone several generations of hard work, from nothing to small, from small to large, and has undergone tremendous changes. Nowadays, it has developed into a reasonable product layout and complete categories. An industry with a large economic scale and strong technical strength.
China's machine tool industry has begun to go abroad to participate in international market competition, and has a pivotal voice and industrial status in the international arena, and is moving towards the goal of manufacturing a powerful machine tool in the world.
China's machine tool industry has been catching up with the development of the industrialized countries in the world for more than 200 years in the past 60 years, especially the rapid development that has been achieved after the reform and opening up. From 1600 national production of belt simple machine tools in 1949, the output of metal cutting machine tools reached 617,000 in 2008, including 122,000 CNC machine tools. In 2008, China became the world's third largest machine tool producer, and its machine tool exports ranked sixth in the world.
Machine tools are the basic equipment of all machinery industry, and they are called "working machines." In the development process of New China, China's machine tool industry has always received great care and attention from the party and the country.
Comrade Mao Zedong has always been particularly concerned about the "master machine" industry of machine tools. He has visited many small-scale machine tool exhibitions held in Zhongnanhai. During the first five-year plan period, the First Ministry of Machinery Industry held a report-oriented mechanical exhibition in Zhongnanhai according to the central requirements. Comrade Mao Zedong repeatedly watched it six times. Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping’s central leadership also watched the exhibition. On July 2, 1958, Mao Zedong watched the demonstration of machine tool operation in detail at the exhibition of small machine tool tools held in Yongtai, Zhongnanhai. From the perspective of philosophy and political economy, the raw materials passed the machine tools and tools according to people's wishes. , changing into the required machine parts, fully embodies the dialectical relationship between people, machines and things in industrial production. On September 5 of the same year, Mao Zedong said at the Supreme State Council: "There is a working machine in the machinery, what mine, what refining, what electronics, what chemistry, what building, what agriculture, what transportation, these machines must have The working machine is nothing more than car, milling, boring, planing, drilling, etc. These things are fundamental."
In the winter of 1959, according to Mao Zedong's request, an exhibition of machine tools was organized in the Zhongnanhai area.
On April 24, 1960, Mao Zedong watched the machine operation demonstration in three hours to understand the performance of various machine tools. Seeing that the longitudinal automatic lathe can process the parts according to the procedure, I am satisfied with the statement: "It is equal to planning in advance." Comrade Mao Zedong also visited the factory several times. In the inspection, he did "self-reliance and take his own industrial development path". Instructions.
The older generation of party and other national leaders have attached great importance to the machine tool industry. Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, and Deng Xiao have repeatedly inspected the enterprises in the machine tool industry. Jiang Zemin, Jia Qinglin, Zou Jiahua, and Ye Xuanping led the machine tool industry in various ways after serving as party and state leaders. Jiang Zemin wrote an inscription for the Chinese machine tool industry: "Communicate advanced manufacturing technologies, develop international trade cooperation, and revitalize China's machine tool industry."
Since 2005, President Hu Jintao has inspected six machine tool companies including Changchun Institute of Optics, Weihai Huadong NC, Taiyuan Yi Machine Tool, Qinghai Huading, Chongqing Machine Tool and Shenyang Machine Tool. Wu Bangguo, Wen Jiabao, Jia Qinglin, etc. also inspected a number of machine tool companies. The party and state leaders have also visited the "China International Machine Tool Exhibition" and the "China CNC Machine Tool Exhibition" held by the China Machine Tool Industry Association. Premier Wen Jiabao specifically issued instructions: "The machine tool is the working machine of the equipment manufacturing industry. To realize the modernization of the equipment manufacturing industry depends on the development level of China's machine tools. To revitalize the equipment manufacturing industry, we must first revitalize the machine tool industry. We must vigorously develop domestic CNC machine tools." In September 2005, the State Council’s executive meeting discussed and approved In the "Several Opinions on Accelerating the Revitalization of the Equipment Manufacturing Industry", the development of large-scale, precision, high-speed numerical control equipment, numerical control systems and functional components is the goal of revitalization. In September 2007, Wen Jiabao made an important instruction when inspecting the Dalian Machine Tool Group: "The level of CNC machine tools is an important symbol of mechanization and modernization of a country. It represents the scientific level, innovation capability and comprehensive ability of a country. China wants to become a CNC machine. The big country of machine tools."
The Chinese machine tool industry has been growing and growing in the care of the party and state leaders. Today, the number of CNC machine tools in China has reached more than 2,000. Through breakthroughs in foreign technology blockades for many years, various types of CNC machine tools that are urgently needed by the national economy and have independent intellectual property rights have been developed. In particular, a number of international super-heavy-duty CNC machine tools have been developed to meet the needs of national key projects.
First, it successfully developed a large number of multi-coordinates, multiple types, multiple specifications, intelligent, with a tool magazine, vertical and horizontal composite machine tools with A and B axis five-axis linkage. A gantry compound machine with a double-axis of turning and milling functions with A and B axes. Five-axis linkage turning and milling machining center. At present, there are hundreds of compound processing centers in China, which are widely used in the manufacture of various types of complex surface structures and have changed the situation of relying on imports.
Second, it successfully developed a large number of heavy-duty and super-heavy-duty machine tools of large size, large size and large tonnage, many of which are the world's first largest CNC machine tools. Such as: the world's first CNC gantry milling machine with a working table width of 11m; CNC vertical lathe with a diameter of 16m; processing of 20m, 22m super heavy-duty CNC vertical lathe; φ5m × 20m processing parts weighing 500 tons of super heavy horizontal lathe (machining diameter Ultra-heavy-duty CNC vertical lathes up to 25m and 28m and ultra-heavy-duty CNC horizontal lathes with a diameter of 6.3m are being manufactured); successfully developed a 260-ton, φ5m×14.5m large-scale marine diesel crankshaft cyclone machining center; The largest grinding φ2.5 m × 15m, bearing 150 tons of CNC roll grinder; processing CNC vertical hobbing machine with diameter of 8m.
China has developed a five-coordinate control, four-coordinate linkage CNC filament winding machine for the new aircraft manufacturing in the aviation industry. Developed a 320mm super heavy duty CNC floor raft with a mast diameter. Developed a 1000-ton "hybrid drive" heavy-duty servo press and CNC multi-station press with unique technical features.
The third is the development of a large number of high-precision, high-speed, high-efficiency CNC machine tools. NANO-TM500 ultra-precision nano-precision turning and milling machine tool with spindle rotation accuracy of 0.05μm, rotary table rotation accuracy of 0.05μm, coordinate axis minimum movement control of 1nm, and workpiece surface roughness of ≤5nm. Developed nano-scale precision miniature CNC grinding machine, minimum feed 1 nm, repeat positioning accuracy 50 nm, electric spindle speed 60,000 r/min.μ2000/400H horizontal machining center, spindle maximum speed 20000r/min, fast moving speed 60m/min, positioning accuracy 0.003mm , Repeat positioning accuracy 0.0015mm. FMC4008 flexible manufacturing unit, spindle speed 12000 r / min, fast moving speed 60 m / min, positioning accuracy ± 0.0025mm, repeat positioning accuracy ± 0.0015mm.
The fourth is the development of functional components, CNC systems, blade measuring tools and other aspects. Three-degree-of-freedom parallel spindle head has been manufactured, the spindle has a stroke of 345mm at ±40°, the spindle has a fast moving speed of 50m/min, an acceleration of 1g, a speed of 24000r/min, and a spindle power of 75kW. The CNC double-swing oscillating milling head, C-axis rotation angle n×360°, spindle speed 10~2000r/min, power 60/71kW, torque 2200Nm. Ball screw pair achieves accuracy P1, speed 60m/min. Rolling guide pair precision 1 level, speed up to 80 m/min or more . The domestic numerical control system adopts bus technology to realize multi-channel, and controls 32-axis and 8-axis linkage to realize remote communication. China can manufacture 6~13 axis industrial robots. It offers a wide range of complex coated tools, high-efficiency tools, tool systems and precision measuring instruments.
During the period of national economic restoration from 1949 to 1952, the state put the machine tool industry in an important position and realized the framework of China's machine tool industry from scratch.
In 1950, when Premier Zhou Enlai visited the former Soviet Union, he instructed 11,115 sets of various types of machine tools imported by the state, first used in the construction of machine tool industry. At that time, more than a dozen backbone machine tool factories were established in Shenyang, Jinan, Qiqihar and Dalian. At the end of 1952, the state decided to set up the Second Machinery Industry Administration in the First Ministry of Machinery Industry, becoming the unified leadership management organization of the national machine tool industry. In accordance with the principle of comprehensive planning and rational layout, the product development direction was adjusted to take over a batch of machines. Expansion and renovation of the plant and the repair plant. At that time, with the assistance of the former Soviet Union, 18 machine tool factories and four tool factories were rebuilt and newly established to determine the division of labor and development direction. It is commonly known as “18 Arhats and Four King Kongs†and formed the backbone of the industry. During the period of national economic recovery, the machine tool industry provided 30 varieties and more than 24,500 machine tools to the whole country.
During the "First Five-Year Plan" period from 1953 to 1957, it was the stage of development and construction of machine tools.
China has 34 production plants such as machine tools, tools, machine tool accessories and grinding wheels, and has established 8 research institutes in the machine tool industry. At the same time, it has established professional products research institutes such as lathes, milling machines, grinding machines, drilling and boring machines, gear processing machines, heavy-duty machine tools, inserting sawing machines, automatic lathes and instrument machine tools. The establishment of scientific research bases has played a powerful role in promoting the development of machine tool technology and products in China. During the “First Five-Year Plan†period, the machine tools mainly used 204 drawings or imitations of the former Soviet Union, and provided a total of 104,000 machine tools to the whole country, mainly serving the construction of heavy industry and machinery industry in the country.
During the "two-five" period from 1958 to 1962, it was the perfect stage for the improvement of China's machine tool industry.
Focus on the development of heavy-duty machine tools, precision machine tools, forging machine tools and other categories, the machine tool industry is basically complete; professional research institutes reached 37, with the ability to provide large, precise, efficient machine tools and special machine tools, for China's cars, tractors, internal combustion engines, Bearings, motors and other industries provide a large amount of equipment. The research institutes established in China played an important role. By the end of 1962, the proportion of machine tool imitations in China dropped from 78.5% during the “First Five-Year Plan†period to 33.2%. The demand for high-precision precision machine tools in the national economic development and national defense construction is growing. It is not possible to produce high-precision precision machine tools in China. There is no foreign exchange support for foreign imports, and technical blockade in Europe and the United States. The former Soviet Union also suspends supply and can only be self-reliant. The whole industry organization "combat", by the end of 1965, the total number of high-precision precision machine tools was 26, and China has a high-precision precision machine tool industry.
During the "Three-Five" and "Four-Five" periods from 1966 to 1975, it was in the period of the Cultural Revolution.
The state builds a second automobile manufacturing plant, which requires a large variety of process equipment, many of which are efficient, sophisticated, large-scale, dedicated automation equipment or automatic lines.
At the beginning of 1966, the Second Bureau of the Ministry of Machinery and Industry established the "Second Steam Campaign" office to formulate various plans and organize equipment design and manufacturing. The machine tool industry has successively provided specially developed products to “Second Steamâ€, which meets 80% of the machine tools required for “Second Steamâ€, and only accounts for 20% of the funds. It proves that China's machine tool industry has already had a large-scale construction project at that time. Ability to provide outfits.
During the "five-five" period from 1976 to 1980, 2,823 kinds of machine tools were supplied to the whole country.
In 1980, there were 994 new varieties of gold cutting machine tools, providing 10,300 machine tools, with an output value of 1.49 billion yuan, including 692 CNC machine tools. By 1980, the number of machine tools in the country had reached 2,832,600, of which 61,415 were imported machines, accounting for only 4.3%.
After 1980, China's machine tool industry entered a new historical development period and accelerated the transition to a socialist market economy.
After the reform and opening up, in the special arrangement for technical reform, it is a special technical reform project for CNC research and localization of CNC machine tools. There are 75 items during the “6th Five-Year Plan†period, with a total investment of more than 300 million yuan. There are 58 items during the “7th Five-Year Plan†period. Invested more than 1.3 billion yuan. Through technological transformation, the company has improved its key process equipment, development and testing methods, assembly and processing conditions, and increased the application of CNC machine tools, enhancing market competitiveness. At this stage, machine tool enterprises develop a variety of ownership economies, which promote joint ventures and the rapid development of private enterprises. The national policy was liberalized and reformed in depth, attracting a group of private entrepreneurs to invest in the machine tool industry; some state-owned machine tool enterprises were relegated to the private sector. The machine tool industry broke the situation that the country has a unified world, and formed a new pattern of multiple ownership forms of state-owned enterprises, collective enterprises, private enterprises, Sino-foreign joint ventures and wholly foreign-owned enterprises.
During the "6th Five-Year Plan" period from 1981 to 1985, it was the initial stage of CNC machine tools in China.
During this period, the machine tool industry introduced 113 foreign technologies, including 65 metal processing machines; and 1225 new products were developed. The total industrial output value of the whole industry has reached 19.7 billion yuan in five years. The cumulative output of Jinchao machine tools is 592,300 units, including 7133 sets of CNC machine tools and 256,600 sets of forging equipment. The total number of machine tools available is 1960, including 113 CNC varieties. . The output of CNC machine tools increased from 692 units in 1980 to 1959 units in 1985, an increase of 2.83 times. China's machine tools began to be exported to 44 countries and regions in bulk. In the current period, 32038 sets of machine tools were exported, with an export value of 421.43 million yuan. In 1985, the number of machine tools in the country was 2,759,700.
During the "seventh five-year" period from 1986 to 1990, it was the stage of cooperation between China's CNC machine tools and foreign countries.
The total industrial output value of the machine tool industry was 32.481 billion yuan, and the total production of Jinchao machine tools was 831,900 units, of which 12812 were CNC machine tools and 9.7 million yuan were CNC machine tools. In 1990, 2,557 CNC machine tools were produced, with an output value of 260 million yuan. The machine tool market began to enter the international market. The export of gold cutting machine tools to 128 countries and regions increased from US$18 million in 1985 to US$192 million in 1990, an increase of 10.48 times. In the past five years, it has exported a total of 101,600 sets of gold cutting machine tools, with an export value of 664 million US dollars.
During the "Eighth Five-Year Plan" period from 1991 to 1995, China's CNC machine tools had independent intellectual property rights.
The machine tool industry experienced great fluctuations. From 1991 to 1993, the average annual growth rate was 20%. In 1994, the negative growth rate was 25%. In 1995, it increased negatively by 14.2%. The whole industry experienced a total loss for the first time. In 1996, the national census of machine tools was 3.93 million units, including 72,300 CNC machine tools and 184,400 large machine tools. The domestic machine tool market share is 41.83%.
During the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period from 1996 to 2000, it was the period in which China's CNC machine tools increased their market share.
The total consumption of machine tools reached US$17.101 billion, and the average market share of domestic machine tools was 47.87%. In 1996, it only reached 36.89%. During the “Ninth Five-Year Plan†period, the total industrial output value was 173.78 billion yuan, providing 801,800 machine tools of various types, including CNC machine tools 4.73. Wantai, 2000 numerical control rate of 8%. CNC machine tools more than 1,500 varieties, can produce five-axis linkage machining center, turning center, high-speed high-precision CNC machine tools.
In 2000, the total industrial output value of the machine tool industry was 39.342 billion yuan, of which the output of CNC machine tools was 140,000 units, and the output value reached 1.715 billion yuan.
After 2000, China's machine tool industry achieved a leap-forward development.
In the new century, the state has implemented a major national policy to revitalize the equipment manufacturing industry, and clearly proposed to develop large-scale, precision, high-speed CNC equipment and numerical control systems and functional components as one of the sixteen key revitalization areas, and to change the majority of large-scale, high-precision CNC machine tools. The status quo of imports meets the needs of national economic development, especially the development of key national industrial sectors. Driven by the country's policy support, promotion and market demand, the CNC machine tool industry has achieved leapfrog development. The output of CNC machine tools increased by double digits year by year, from 14,000 units in 2000 to 122,000 units in 2008, and the target of 100,000 units per year for the 11th Five-Year Plan was completed ahead of schedule; the domestic market share of CNC machine tools also increased from 21% increased to over 40%, and the five-axis linkage machine tool, which represents the advanced level of numerical control technology, also broke the foreign blockade.
During the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period from 2001 to 2005, it was the period of industrialization of CNC machine tools in China.
The machine tool industry has completed a total of 1.571 million machine tools, including 191,000 CNC machine tools, with a total sales revenue of 438.2 billion yuan. The cumulative export volume was 8.31 billion US dollars, including 2.34 billion US dollars for gold cutting machine tools and 498 million US dollars for CNC machine tools. In 2005, the output of China's gold cutting machine tools reached 457,000 units, including 59,600 sets of Jinqi CNC machine tools, which were 2.55 times and 4.24 times respectively in 2000. In 2005, the sales revenue of products was 121.246 billion yuan, which was 2.1 times of the sales revenue of 57.874 billion yuan in 2001. In 2005, the export of machine tools was 2.995 billion US dollars, including 231 million US dollars for CNC machine tools.
During the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†period, it became a period for China's CNC machine tools to improve their grades and expand their market share.
In 2006, the output of machine tools was 562,100 units, including 85,800 CNC machine tools. The sales income of products was 158.613 billion yuan, and the total industrial output value was 165.611 billion yuan. Exports were 3.818 billion US dollars, including 1.186 billion US dollars for metal processing machines and 334 million US dollars for CNC machine tools.
In 2007, the total industrial output value of the whole industry was 274.77 billion yuan, up 35.5%; the sales revenue of products was 268.10 billion yuan, up 36.2%; the output of gold cutting machine tools was 606,800 units, up 11.7%, of which the output of CNC metal cutting machine tools was 123,300 units, an increase of 32.6. %; the output of forming machine tools was 172,800 units, an increase of 9.2%, of which the output of CNC forming machine tools was 3011 units, up 53.7%. The domestic market share of domestic machine tools was 56.3%. The whole industry exported 5.20 billion US dollars, up 36.2%. Dalian Machine Tools and Shenyang Machine Tools In 2007, the sales exceeded 10 billion yuan, and both entered the top 10 of the world's machine tool enterprises.
In 2008, the total industrial output value was 347.23 billion yuan, and the sales value of products was 334.83 billion yuan, up 27.5% and 26.0% respectively. The total output of metal cutting machine tools was 617,000 units, including 122,000 CNC machine tools; the total output of forming machine tools was 145,000. The numerical control rate of Taiwan, gold cutting machine tools and forming machine tools was 48.6% and 49.4%. The export value was 7.13 billion US dollars, up 37.1% year-on-year. From 2002 to 2008, China was the world's first consumer and first importer of machine tools.
In the 60 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China, especially in the 30 years of reform and opening up, China's machine tool industry has gained world-leading development. With the sustained and steady development of China's economy, the machine tool industry is facing a strategic development opportunity, and is in the historical turning stage from the development of machine tool manufacturing to the development of machine tool manufacturing. Under the guidance of the party's "seventeenth" big line policy, China's machine tool industry will grasp the opportunities for future development and move toward the manufacturing of machine tools.
The machine tool industry is an internationally recognized basic equipment manufacturing industry, a strategic industry and a spine industry for the national economy. In the 60 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China, under the care of the party and state leaders, China's machine tool industry has undergone several generations of hard work, from nothing to small, from small to large, and has undergone tremendous changes. Nowadays, it has developed into a reasonable product layout and complete categories. An industry with a large economic scale and strong technical strength.
China's machine tool industry has begun to go abroad to participate in international market competition, and has a pivotal voice and industrial status in the international arena, and is moving towards the goal of manufacturing a powerful machine tool in the world.
China's machine tool industry has been catching up with the development of the industrialized countries in the world for more than 200 years in the past 60 years, especially the rapid development that has been achieved after the reform and opening up. From 1600 national production of belt simple machine tools in 1949, the output of metal cutting machine tools reached 617,000 in 2008, including 122,000 CNC machine tools. In 2008, China became the world's third largest machine tool producer, and its machine tool exports ranked sixth in the world.
Machine tools are the basic equipment of all machinery industry, and they are called "working machines." In the development process of New China, China's machine tool industry has always received great care and attention from the party and the country.
Comrade Mao Zedong has always been particularly concerned about the "master machine" industry of machine tools. He has visited many small-scale machine tool exhibitions held in Zhongnanhai. During the first five-year plan period, the First Ministry of Machinery Industry held a report-oriented mechanical exhibition in Zhongnanhai according to the central requirements. Comrade Mao Zedong repeatedly watched it six times. Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping’s central leadership also watched the exhibition. On July 2, 1958, Mao Zedong watched the demonstration of machine tool operation in detail at the exhibition of small machine tool tools held in Yongtai, Zhongnanhai. From the perspective of philosophy and political economy, the raw materials passed the machine tools and tools according to people's wishes. , changing into the required machine parts, fully embodies the dialectical relationship between people, machines and things in industrial production. On September 5 of the same year, Mao Zedong said at the Supreme State Council: "There is a working machine in the machinery, what mine, what refining, what electronics, what chemistry, what building, what agriculture, what transportation, these machines must have The working machine is nothing more than car, milling, boring, planing, drilling, etc. These things are fundamental."
In the winter of 1959, according to Mao Zedong's request, an exhibition of machine tools was organized in the Zhongnanhai area.
On April 24, 1960, Mao Zedong watched the machine operation demonstration in three hours to understand the performance of various machine tools. Seeing that the longitudinal automatic lathe can process the parts according to the procedure, I am satisfied with the statement: "It is equal to planning in advance." Comrade Mao Zedong also visited the factory several times. In the inspection, he did "self-reliance and take his own industrial development path". Instructions.
The older generation of party and other national leaders have attached great importance to the machine tool industry. Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, and Deng Xiao have repeatedly inspected the enterprises in the machine tool industry. Jiang Zemin, Jia Qinglin, Zou Jiahua, and Ye Xuanping led the machine tool industry in various ways after serving as party and state leaders. Jiang Zemin wrote an inscription for the Chinese machine tool industry: "Communicate advanced manufacturing technologies, develop international trade cooperation, and revitalize China's machine tool industry."
Since 2005, President Hu Jintao has inspected six machine tool companies including Changchun Institute of Optics, Weihai Huadong NC, Taiyuan Yi Machine Tool, Qinghai Huading, Chongqing Machine Tool and Shenyang Machine Tool. Wu Bangguo, Wen Jiabao, Jia Qinglin, etc. also inspected a number of machine tool companies. The party and state leaders have also visited the "China International Machine Tool Exhibition" and the "China CNC Machine Tool Exhibition" held by the China Machine Tool Industry Association. Premier Wen Jiabao specifically issued instructions: "The machine tool is the working machine of the equipment manufacturing industry. To realize the modernization of the equipment manufacturing industry depends on the development level of China's machine tools. To revitalize the equipment manufacturing industry, we must first revitalize the machine tool industry. We must vigorously develop domestic CNC machine tools." In September 2005, the State Council’s executive meeting discussed and approved In the "Several Opinions on Accelerating the Revitalization of the Equipment Manufacturing Industry", the development of large-scale, precision, high-speed numerical control equipment, numerical control systems and functional components is the goal of revitalization. In September 2007, Wen Jiabao made an important instruction when inspecting the Dalian Machine Tool Group: "The level of CNC machine tools is an important symbol of mechanization and modernization of a country. It represents the scientific level, innovation capability and comprehensive ability of a country. China wants to become a CNC machine. The big country of machine tools."
The Chinese machine tool industry has been growing and growing in the care of the party and state leaders. Today, the number of CNC machine tools in China has reached more than 2,000. Through breakthroughs in foreign technology blockades for many years, various types of CNC machine tools that are urgently needed by the national economy and have independent intellectual property rights have been developed. In particular, a number of international super-heavy-duty CNC machine tools have been developed to meet the needs of national key projects.
First, it successfully developed a large number of multi-coordinates, multiple types, multiple specifications, intelligent, with a tool magazine, vertical and horizontal composite machine tools with A and B axis five-axis linkage. A gantry compound machine with a double-axis of turning and milling functions with A and B axes. Five-axis linkage turning and milling machining center. At present, there are hundreds of compound processing centers in China, which are widely used in the manufacture of various types of complex surface structures and have changed the situation of relying on imports.
Second, it successfully developed a large number of heavy-duty and super-heavy-duty machine tools of large size, large size and large tonnage, many of which are the world's first largest CNC machine tools. Such as: the world's first CNC gantry milling machine with a working table width of 11m; CNC vertical lathe with a diameter of 16m; processing of 20m, 22m super heavy-duty CNC vertical lathe; φ5m × 20m processing parts weighing 500 tons of super heavy horizontal lathe (machining diameter Ultra-heavy-duty CNC vertical lathes up to 25m and 28m and ultra-heavy-duty CNC horizontal lathes with a diameter of 6.3m are being manufactured); successfully developed a 260-ton, φ5m×14.5m large-scale marine diesel crankshaft cyclone machining center; The largest grinding φ2.5 m × 15m, bearing 150 tons of CNC roll grinder; processing CNC vertical hobbing machine with diameter of 8m.
China has developed a five-coordinate control, four-coordinate linkage CNC filament winding machine for the new aircraft manufacturing in the aviation industry. Developed a 320mm super heavy duty CNC floor raft with a mast diameter. Developed a 1000-ton "hybrid drive" heavy-duty servo press and CNC multi-station press with unique technical features.
The third is the development of a large number of high-precision, high-speed, high-efficiency CNC machine tools. NANO-TM500 ultra-precision nano-precision turning and milling machine tool with spindle rotation accuracy of 0.05μm, rotary table rotation accuracy of 0.05μm, coordinate axis minimum movement control of 1nm, and workpiece surface roughness of ≤5nm. Developed nano-scale precision miniature CNC grinding machine, minimum feed 1 nm, repeat positioning accuracy 50 nm, electric spindle speed 60,000 r/min.μ2000/400H horizontal machining center, spindle maximum speed 20000r/min, fast moving speed 60m/min, positioning accuracy 0.003mm , Repeat positioning accuracy 0.0015mm. FMC4008 flexible manufacturing unit, spindle speed 12000 r / min, fast moving speed 60 m / min, positioning accuracy ± 0.0025mm, repeat positioning accuracy ± 0.0015mm.
The fourth is the development of functional components, CNC systems, blade measuring tools and other aspects. Three-degree-of-freedom parallel spindle head has been manufactured, the spindle has a stroke of 345mm at ±40°, the spindle has a fast moving speed of 50m/min, an acceleration of 1g, a speed of 24000r/min, and a spindle power of 75kW. The CNC double-swing oscillating milling head, C-axis rotation angle n×360°, spindle speed 10~2000r/min, power 60/71kW, torque 2200Nm. Ball screw pair achieves accuracy P1, speed 60m/min. Rolling guide pair precision 1 level, speed up to 80 m/min or more . The domestic numerical control system adopts bus technology to realize multi-channel, and controls 32-axis and 8-axis linkage to realize remote communication. China can manufacture 6~13 axis industrial robots. It offers a wide range of complex coated tools, high-efficiency tools, tool systems and precision measuring instruments.
During the period of national economic restoration from 1949 to 1952, the state put the machine tool industry in an important position and realized the framework of China's machine tool industry from scratch.
In 1950, when Premier Zhou Enlai visited the former Soviet Union, he instructed 11,115 sets of various types of machine tools imported by the state, first used in the construction of machine tool industry. At that time, more than a dozen backbone machine tool factories were established in Shenyang, Jinan, Qiqihar and Dalian. At the end of 1952, the state decided to set up the Second Machinery Industry Administration in the First Ministry of Machinery Industry, becoming the unified leadership management organization of the national machine tool industry. In accordance with the principle of comprehensive planning and rational layout, the product development direction was adjusted to take over a batch of machines. Expansion and renovation of the plant and the repair plant. At that time, with the assistance of the former Soviet Union, 18 machine tool factories and four tool factories were rebuilt and newly established to determine the division of labor and development direction. It is commonly known as “18 Arhats and Four King Kongs†and formed the backbone of the industry. During the period of national economic recovery, the machine tool industry provided 30 varieties and more than 24,500 machine tools to the whole country.
During the "First Five-Year Plan" period from 1953 to 1957, it was the stage of development and construction of machine tools.
China has 34 production plants such as machine tools, tools, machine tool accessories and grinding wheels, and has established 8 research institutes in the machine tool industry. At the same time, it has established professional products research institutes such as lathes, milling machines, grinding machines, drilling and boring machines, gear processing machines, heavy-duty machine tools, inserting sawing machines, automatic lathes and instrument machine tools. The establishment of scientific research bases has played a powerful role in promoting the development of machine tool technology and products in China. During the “First Five-Year Plan†period, the machine tools mainly used 204 drawings or imitations of the former Soviet Union, and provided a total of 104,000 machine tools to the whole country, mainly serving the construction of heavy industry and machinery industry in the country.
During the "two-five" period from 1958 to 1962, it was the perfect stage for the improvement of China's machine tool industry.
Focus on the development of heavy-duty machine tools, precision machine tools, forging machine tools and other categories, the machine tool industry is basically complete; professional research institutes reached 37, with the ability to provide large, precise, efficient machine tools and special machine tools, for China's cars, tractors, internal combustion engines, Bearings, motors and other industries provide a large amount of equipment. The research institutes established in China played an important role. By the end of 1962, the proportion of machine tool imitations in China dropped from 78.5% during the “First Five-Year Plan†period to 33.2%. The demand for high-precision precision machine tools in the national economic development and national defense construction is growing. It is not possible to produce high-precision precision machine tools in China. There is no foreign exchange support for foreign imports, and technical blockade in Europe and the United States. The former Soviet Union also suspends supply and can only be self-reliant. The whole industry organization "combat", by the end of 1965, the total number of high-precision precision machine tools was 26, and China has a high-precision precision machine tool industry.
During the "Three-Five" and "Four-Five" periods from 1966 to 1975, it was in the period of the Cultural Revolution.
The state builds a second automobile manufacturing plant, which requires a large variety of process equipment, many of which are efficient, sophisticated, large-scale, dedicated automation equipment or automatic lines.
At the beginning of 1966, the Second Bureau of the Ministry of Machinery and Industry established the "Second Steam Campaign" office to formulate various plans and organize equipment design and manufacturing. The machine tool industry has successively provided specially developed products to “Second Steamâ€, which meets 80% of the machine tools required for “Second Steamâ€, and only accounts for 20% of the funds. It proves that China's machine tool industry has already had a large-scale construction project at that time. Ability to provide outfits.
During the "five-five" period from 1976 to 1980, 2,823 kinds of machine tools were supplied to the whole country.
In 1980, there were 994 new varieties of gold cutting machine tools, providing 10,300 machine tools, with an output value of 1.49 billion yuan, including 692 CNC machine tools. By 1980, the number of machine tools in the country had reached 2,832,600, of which 61,415 were imported machines, accounting for only 4.3%.
After 1980, China's machine tool industry entered a new historical development period and accelerated the transition to a socialist market economy.
After the reform and opening up, in the special arrangement for technical reform, it is a special technical reform project for CNC research and localization of CNC machine tools. There are 75 items during the “6th Five-Year Plan†period, with a total investment of more than 300 million yuan. There are 58 items during the “7th Five-Year Plan†period. Invested more than 1.3 billion yuan. Through technological transformation, the company has improved its key process equipment, development and testing methods, assembly and processing conditions, and increased the application of CNC machine tools, enhancing market competitiveness. At this stage, machine tool enterprises develop a variety of ownership economies, which promote joint ventures and the rapid development of private enterprises. The national policy was liberalized and reformed in depth, attracting a group of private entrepreneurs to invest in the machine tool industry; some state-owned machine tool enterprises were relegated to the private sector. The machine tool industry broke the situation that the country has a unified world, and formed a new pattern of multiple ownership forms of state-owned enterprises, collective enterprises, private enterprises, Sino-foreign joint ventures and wholly foreign-owned enterprises.
During the "6th Five-Year Plan" period from 1981 to 1985, it was the initial stage of CNC machine tools in China.
During this period, the machine tool industry introduced 113 foreign technologies, including 65 metal processing machines; and 1225 new products were developed. The total industrial output value of the whole industry has reached 19.7 billion yuan in five years. The cumulative output of Jinchao machine tools is 592,300 units, including 7133 sets of CNC machine tools and 256,600 sets of forging equipment. The total number of machine tools available is 1960, including 113 CNC varieties. . The output of CNC machine tools increased from 692 units in 1980 to 1959 units in 1985, an increase of 2.83 times. China's machine tools began to be exported to 44 countries and regions in bulk. In the current period, 32038 sets of machine tools were exported, with an export value of 421.43 million yuan. In 1985, the number of machine tools in the country was 2,759,700.
During the "seventh five-year" period from 1986 to 1990, it was the stage of cooperation between China's CNC machine tools and foreign countries.
The total industrial output value of the machine tool industry was 32.481 billion yuan, and the total production of Jinchao machine tools was 831,900 units, of which 12812 were CNC machine tools and 9.7 million yuan were CNC machine tools. In 1990, 2,557 CNC machine tools were produced, with an output value of 260 million yuan. The machine tool market began to enter the international market. The export of gold cutting machine tools to 128 countries and regions increased from US$18 million in 1985 to US$192 million in 1990, an increase of 10.48 times. In the past five years, it has exported a total of 101,600 sets of gold cutting machine tools, with an export value of 664 million US dollars.
During the "Eighth Five-Year Plan" period from 1991 to 1995, China's CNC machine tools had independent intellectual property rights.
The machine tool industry experienced great fluctuations. From 1991 to 1993, the average annual growth rate was 20%. In 1994, the negative growth rate was 25%. In 1995, it increased negatively by 14.2%. The whole industry experienced a total loss for the first time. In 1996, the national census of machine tools was 3.93 million units, including 72,300 CNC machine tools and 184,400 large machine tools. The domestic machine tool market share is 41.83%.
During the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period from 1996 to 2000, it was the period in which China's CNC machine tools increased their market share.
The total consumption of machine tools reached US$17.101 billion, and the average market share of domestic machine tools was 47.87%. In 1996, it only reached 36.89%. During the “Ninth Five-Year Plan†period, the total industrial output value was 173.78 billion yuan, providing 801,800 machine tools of various types, including CNC machine tools 4.73. Wantai, 2000 numerical control rate of 8%. CNC machine tools more than 1,500 varieties, can produce five-axis linkage machining center, turning center, high-speed high-precision CNC machine tools.
In 2000, the total industrial output value of the machine tool industry was 39.342 billion yuan, of which the output of CNC machine tools was 140,000 units, and the output value reached 1.715 billion yuan.
After 2000, China's machine tool industry achieved a leap-forward development.
In the new century, the state has implemented a major national policy to revitalize the equipment manufacturing industry, and clearly proposed to develop large-scale, precision, high-speed CNC equipment and numerical control systems and functional components as one of the sixteen key revitalization areas, and to change the majority of large-scale, high-precision CNC machine tools. The status quo of imports meets the needs of national economic development, especially the development of key national industrial sectors. Driven by the country's policy support, promotion and market demand, the CNC machine tool industry has achieved leapfrog development. The output of CNC machine tools increased by double digits year by year, from 14,000 units in 2000 to 122,000 units in 2008, and the target of 100,000 units per year for the 11th Five-Year Plan was completed ahead of schedule; the domestic market share of CNC machine tools also increased from 21% increased to over 40%, and the five-axis linkage machine tool, which represents the advanced level of numerical control technology, also broke the foreign blockade.
During the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period from 2001 to 2005, it was the period of industrialization of CNC machine tools in China.
The machine tool industry has completed a total of 1.571 million machine tools, including 191,000 CNC machine tools, with a total sales revenue of 438.2 billion yuan. The cumulative export volume was 8.31 billion US dollars, including 2.34 billion US dollars for gold cutting machine tools and 498 million US dollars for CNC machine tools. In 2005, the output of China's gold cutting machine tools reached 457,000 units, including 59,600 sets of Jinqi CNC machine tools, which were 2.55 times and 4.24 times respectively in 2000. In 2005, the sales revenue of products was 121.246 billion yuan, which was 2.1 times of the sales revenue of 57.874 billion yuan in 2001. In 2005, the export of machine tools was 2.995 billion US dollars, including 231 million US dollars for CNC machine tools.
During the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†period, it became a period for China's CNC machine tools to improve their grades and expand their market share.
In 2006, the output of machine tools was 562,100 units, including 85,800 CNC machine tools. The sales income of products was 158.613 billion yuan, and the total industrial output value was 165.611 billion yuan. Exports were 3.818 billion US dollars, including 1.186 billion US dollars for metal processing machines and 334 million US dollars for CNC machine tools.
In 2007, the total industrial output value of the whole industry was 274.77 billion yuan, up 35.5%; the sales revenue of products was 268.10 billion yuan, up 36.2%; the output of gold cutting machine tools was 606,800 units, up 11.7%, of which the output of CNC metal cutting machine tools was 123,300 units, an increase of 32.6. %; the output of forming machine tools was 172,800 units, an increase of 9.2%, of which the output of CNC forming machine tools was 3011 units, up 53.7%. The domestic market share of domestic machine tools was 56.3%. The whole industry exported 5.20 billion US dollars, up 36.2%. Dalian Machine Tools and Shenyang Machine Tools In 2007, the sales exceeded 10 billion yuan, and both entered the top 10 of the world's machine tool enterprises.
In 2008, the total industrial output value was 347.23 billion yuan, and the sales value of products was 334.83 billion yuan, up 27.5% and 26.0% respectively. The total output of metal cutting machine tools was 617,000 units, including 122,000 CNC machine tools; the total output of forming machine tools was 145,000. The numerical control rate of Taiwan, gold cutting machine tools and forming machine tools was 48.6% and 49.4%. The export value was 7.13 billion US dollars, up 37.1% year-on-year. From 2002 to 2008, China was the world's first consumer and first importer of machine tools.
In the 60 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China, especially in the 30 years of reform and opening up, China's machine tool industry has gained world-leading development. With the sustained and steady development of China's economy, the machine tool industry is facing a strategic development opportunity, and is in the historical turning stage from the development of machine tool manufacturing to the development of machine tool manufacturing. Under the guidance of the party's "seventeenth" big line policy, China's machine tool industry will grasp the opportunities for future development and move toward the manufacturing of machine tools.
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