The economic and social development has made the differences in the power quality issues of different eras different. In the future, with the continuous access of new energy, the upgrading of power electronic equipment, and the development of diversified power quality requirements, power quality will face more challenges. Building a strong smart grid will better improve power quality.
Meeting the Challenge of Changing Power Quality Requirements
"With the economic and social development (including the development of power grid technology), people's understanding of power quality is also constantly developing, and the requirements for power quality at different times are not the same." Li Taoyong said that in the current use of electricity, the power load A very big change has taken place. Due to the continuous development of industrial enterprises and changes in the civil power structure, there have been phenomena of increasing non-linear power consumption and increasing impact load in the power system. This causes abnormal changes and fluctuations in the voltage and current in the power network system, resulting in unbalanced power supply and other issues in the power transmission lines, which causes interference and pollution of the power quality.
The large-scale application of new energy also makes the nonlinearity and volatility of the power grid increasingly serious. The wind energy converters and photovoltaic inverters in new energy are all converted into 50 Hz AC power through the turn-on and turn-off of semiconductor power switching devices. In this case, harmonics will be generated in the inverter. Three-phase imbalance and other power quality problems. In addition, the start and stop of new energy power generation and frequent power changes will cause the grid voltage to fluctuate greatly; even when power failure occurs, the transient process of the grid voltage can easily trigger the large-scale off-grid of the new energy power generation unit, amplifying the scale of the fault. ,range.
In order to meet the demand for power quality that changes with economic and social development, we must also pay attention to the quality of electricity used. Li Taoyong believes that on the customer side, guidance and service should be provided on the planning and construction of the power system, quality monitoring and optimization control should be carried out from the equipment level, and users should be guided to configure the necessary reactive power compensation equipment according to the characteristics of their own power equipment and power consumption agreements. Harmonic control equipment.
For industrial customers, for example, a certain number of capacitive reactive power compensation devices are required on the customer side to maintain a certain level of power factor to avoid deterioration of the voltage quality. For customers with higher emission harmonic currents, passive filters can be added. Passive power or active harmonics such as active power filter (APF), static reactive power compensation (SVC), etc. to improve power quality. The China Electric Power Research Institute has extensively carried out customer-oriented energy efficiency improvement, power quality diagnosis, distributed photovoltaic access, and other service consulting work. In addition, it also promptly completed the implementation of non-linear load devices such as inverters and inverters before accessing the network. Quality inspection work.
Actively build a strong smart grid
For the power quality problems of concern in different eras, Yu Kunshan, director of the Institute of Electrical Engineering New Materials and Microelectronics of the State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute, has made incisive conclusions: The first-generation power grid is concerned about whether there is electricity, that is, whether or not there is voltage. Second-generation power grids, focusing on voltage qualification rate, waveform quality (harmonics), voltage fluctuations and flicker, three-phase symmetry, frequency stability, and dynamic power quality indicators, etc.; third-generation grids, focusing on user power quality The diversified needs of "custom power" will gradually become clear and become a reality.
What are the problems and needs of power quality improvement? Yu Kunshan believes that the main focus is: long-distance power transmission away from the load center, solving the reactive power and voltage problems of the receiving end weak system, improving the economical efficiency of the transmission system, intermittent renewable energy generation and grid connection issues, and improving the safety of the system stability.
Most regions with abundant wind resources in China are far away from the load center, the grid is relatively small, and the peak shaving capacity is low. It is difficult to use large-scale wind power on the spot and it needs to be absorbed in a wider range. The large-scale intermittent power supply has a random power fluctuation characteristic. This random fluctuation overlaps with the fluctuation of the load, which increases the peak load pressure of the power grid and makes operation control difficult. The intermittent power supply does not yet have the support capability of the conventional power supply to the power system. Large-scale access poses challenges to the safe and stable operation of the power grid.
In order to adapt to China's uneven distribution of energy sources and regional differences in economic development, large-scale power grid interconnection and long-distance transmission are typical characteristics of China's power grid development. This also determines the need to adopt advanced power electronics and various system control technologies such as flexible AC transmission, HVDC transmission, and flexible HVDC transmission to strengthen the power grid construction, so as to solve the technical problems of improving the transmission capacity and the stability control of the power grid.
Advanced power electronics technology will greatly promote grid technology innovation. To improve the existing grid transmission capacity and realize the safe and economical operation of the grid, it is necessary to carefully plan and use advanced technologies such as flexible AC transmission, HVDC transmission and flexible HVDC transmission, and actively promote the development of new materials and new power electronic device technologies. Drive a new round of power grid technology innovation. The flexible DC transmission technology based on voltage source converter is the focus of the new technology of the power grid at this stage. As the core, it strives to achieve technological breakthroughs in DC circuit breakers, DC inverters and their DC power grid control protection technologies, and gradually builds a DC grid technology system. Perform demonstration applications.
Through these technologies, it is expected that some goals can be achieved, such as improving the ability of the grid to operate and control flexibly; resolving power transmission bottlenecks in the transmission and distribution network; and solving problems associated with grid-connected renewable energy, grid-connected generation, island power supply, and urban grid power supply. .
In response to the challenges brought by economic and social development to power quality, many experts interviewed by Yu Kunshan and reporters said that it is necessary to strengthen power grid construction and actively build a strong smart grid.
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