ESA develops lunar soil heating technology to heat the moon mission

ESA is developing a new heating system to help future moon missions survive the two-week long night. Currently, both landers and rovers probes rely on nuclear or electric heating systems to maintain the operating temperature of electronic products, but this space agency is looking to make the moon's surface itself a cheap, sustainable source of heat.

The moon is an extreme world. On a 14-day night, the surface temperature reaches -170°C (-274°F). There is no special heating system, electronic equipment and other systems, the detector itself and its habitat will soon freeze in the inoperable

ESA’s current idea is to use the sun to warm the soil around the lander or other equipment and then slowly release heat at night. The moon's surface not only freezes in the evening, it is also hot during the day and the thermometer is above 100°C (212°F) above the equator. So if you concentrate sunlight on a lunar land during the day, you can turn it into a radiator.

Currently, ESA is developing two versions. One suitable for homeless detectors and small simple spacecraft, they use reflectors to heat the lunar soil patches, forming "hot gas" or hot spots, and then can release heat at night to maintain the temperature of the equipment. The second version uses multiple reflectors and heat pipes to collect solar energy, generate direct drive machinery equipment during the day, and store excess heat to keep large facilities such as habitats warm at night. In addition, the schematic shows that by shielding the ground, heat pipes may be associated with cold spots to improve the efficiency of the heat engine.

The next step in ESA’s plan is to conduct numerical simulation studies to derive the value of the heat storage and power supply that the system can provide. The simulation results should allow the construction of small prototype equipment to test this concept in practice.

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