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In recent years, with the development of national key projects and the adjustment of product structure, the types of steel for welding have been greatly improved. Common steel plates include: Q235, Q345, Q390, 20, 35, 45, 15Mo3, 15CrMo, 13MnNiMoNbR, Wel-ten80C, A633D, 16MnR, 20g, 15MnVR, etc. Common stainless steel plates are: 0Cr18Ni9, 1Cr18Ni9Ti, 1Cr13, 2Cr13, 3Cr13, etc. Commonly used aluminum plates are hard aluminum and aluminum alloy plates; common forgings are 25, 35, 45, 40Cr, 42CrMo, 40CrNiMo, 40CrNi2Mo, 20MnMo, 42CrMnMo, 34CrNi3Mo and so on. The thickness of the plate is generally between 1 and 300 mm.
With the increasing number and variety of steel products, the annual output of welded parts has increased significantly. According to incomplete statistics, in 2005, the annual output of welded parts of Qiqihar No. 2 Machine Tool Plant was about 10,000 tons; Second Heavy Machinery Group Co., Ltd. was about 30,000 tons; Taiyuan Heavy Machinery Group Co., Ltd. was about 50,000 tons; CITIC Heavy Machinery The company has exceeded 50,000 tons; the annual output of welded parts of Shanghai Zhenhua Port Machinery Co., Ltd. is as high as 200,000 tons. With its unique advantages, welded structural parts have replaced the riveted structure and replaced the cast structure, becoming the dominant structure of metal structure equipment in the heavy machinery industry.
4. Welding process
The heavy machinery metal structure industry began to use the manual arc welding process. In the 1950s, the submerged arc automatic welding and electroslag welding process were used, which were mainly used for some thick plate butt joints, work beam and barrel welding. In recent years, some large enterprises have successively applied advanced welding methods such as double wire submerged arc welding, double wire narrow gap submerged arc automatic welding, gantry type welding machine and roller submerged arc surfacing through technical transformation to meet product manufacturing technical requirements. .
With the welding technology transformation of large-scale backbone enterprises in China, the gas shielded welding process has been widely used in the heavy machinery metal structure industry. It can be said that the gas shielded welding process has grown along with the development of welding technology in the heavy machinery metal structure industry. In the late 1980s, in order to meet the requirements of the national key engineering large-scale mechanical and technical equipment manufacturing, the introduction of foreign advanced welding technology and equipment, technical transformation of large-scale backbone heavy machinery enterprises, China's large-scale heavy machinery metal structure manufacturing enterprises through the United States, Multinational companies from Germany, Japan and other countries cooperate to manufacture large-scale metal structures, purchase foreign gas shielded welding equipment, welding consumables and other equipment in batches, and conduct welder training. With the help of foreign gas shielded welding mature technology and production technology, China has formed the production capacity of gas shielded welding in China's large metal structure industry, which fundamentally changed the manufacturing technology level of heavy machinery metal structure industry and promoted gas shielded welding in China. The development of technology. In the past ten years from the early 1990s to the present, with the first "National CO2 Welding Technology Promotion and Application Exchange Conference" as an opportunity, China has successively held two national CO2 welding technology promotion and application exchange meetings in 2001 and 2004 respectively. Gas shielded welding technology is popularized and applied in the heavy machinery metal structure industry. It is continuous, stable and vigorous. The development and application of gas shielded welding technology is enhanced. The application work is extended from large machinery enterprises to small and medium enterprises, while gas shielded welding of large heavy machinery enterprises. Applications also range from the production of co-manufactured products to the production of common products. Gas shielded welding equipment, welding consumables and accessories have basically achieved domestic supply, and gradually formed China's gas shielded welding industry.
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