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Vegetable gray mold is a disease commonly occurring in protected cultivation. Cucumber, tomato, eggplant and leeks are easy to be afflicted, and the yield is reduced by 20%-30%, and the weight loss is 50%. Therefore, greenhouse vegetables must be grasped for the prevention and control of gray mold.
First, the symptom identification (a) cucumber gray mold disease. It mainly harms flowers, melons, leaves, stems and vines, and invades from the withered female flowers, causing flower rot and growing sapphire mold. After the disease spreads to the young melon, the young melon is softened, rotted and atrophied. The diseased part first yellows, and then grows from the color mold layer. The mildew layer gradually changes from self-color to light gray, and the growth of the diseased melon stops, and finally decays and falls off. Large leaves with a diameter of 20-25 mm are formed on the leaves, and the edges are obvious. Sometimes the lesions grow a small amount of gray-brown mold. After the stem vines are sick, they are easy to break and cause rotten sputum. (2) Tomato gray mold. The main damage to the fruit, first from the residual flower or flower support, and then spread to the fruit or fruit stalk, so that the skin appears gray-white water-stained lesions, the diseased parts become soft and rot; after the fruit surface, flower buds and fruit stalks appear a lot of ash Brown mold layer, the fruit loses water and is rigid. Botrytis cinerea also harms the stems and leaves. The adult stage lesions are found in the leaves. They develop from the edges to the inside in a "v" shape, and produce a deep and shallow wheel pattern. A small amount of gray mold is formed on the surface, and the leaves finally die. (3) Eggplant gray mold. At the seedling stage, the tip of the cotyledon is dead, and then spread to the young stem, so that the young stem is contracted and thinned, and it is broken from the diseased part. After the true leaf, there is a round brown spot, and the back leaf or stem grows gray. Mildew, the diseased part rots. The adult stage is mainly harmful to the fruit, and the leaves and stems can also be affected. When the young fruit is sick, the brown water-stained lesions grow around the pedicle, and then the sag is rotted and the surface is gray or irregular. In the case of leaves, brown-brown large round spots or irregular-shaped lesions are produced on the leaf margins or leaves, and the gray mold is densely formed. When the stalk is severely stalked, the petiole can also produce lesions, and gray mold is produced on the lesions when wet. (4) Amaranth gray mold. The main damage to the leaves, the tip of the mountain gradually produces a light grayish brown to self-colored small spots, both upper and lower sides, enlarged to form an elliptical or fusiform lesion, and merged into a large piece of dead spots, often half of the leaves to the entire blade Desperate. When the air is wet, the diseased part produces a gray or gray-green mold layer. A semi-circular or "IV" shaped lesion can also be formed at the cut, and the lesion is yellow-brown, and a gray-brown mold layer is formed on the surface, causing the whole cluster of leek to rot, and in severe cases, it is dead.
Second, comprehensive control measures Low temperature, high humidity, insufficient light is a necessary condition for the occurrence of vegetable gray mold, of which humidity is the dominant factor in the incidence. Due to the stable ecological conditions in the greenhouse during the winter and spring seasons, the disease is prone to occur. The following measures should be taken to control the gray mold of vegetables. (1) Rational fertilization. Add fertilized organic fertilizer, do a good job of formula fertilization, pay attention to the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, cultivate strong seedlings, and improve the disease resistance of plants. (2) Adopting scientific ventilation and light transmission measures. Keep the shed film clean and increase the light transmittance. Reasonable close planting, reduce shading, improve lighting conditions, timely ventilation, reduce the humidity in the shed to maintain a higher temperature in the morning, and make the dew water atomization; extend the air release time in the afternoon; properly increase the temperature at night, especially in the middle of the night, to avoid plant condensation. . (3) Reasonable watering. Watering should be carried out on a sunny day to avoid watering on rainy days, while controlling the amount of water to minimize humidity. (4) Clearing the sick body in time. The diseased leaves, diseased fruits and diseased branches should be removed in time, packed in plastic bags and brought to the outside of the shed for centralized treatment to prevent the bacteria from being dip again. (5) Grasp the prevention and control of pharmaceuticals. The medicament is controlled by smoking, dusting and spraying. The smoking method can be used with 10% serotonin or 45% chlorothalonil 311JR-2 15% carbendazim, 200-250 grams per acre, placed in the evening, with dark fire Immediately after ignition, the greenhouse was smoked for 1 night, and the next day, the shed was ventilated. Spraying method is to spray 5% chlorothalonil dust in the evening, spray 1 kg per acre, and spray it in a greenhouse for overnight. Spray method is to use 40% Baco WP 1500-2000 times solution, or 50% keering WP 1000-1500 times solution, or 50% 0 phlegm WP 1000 times solution. Or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder, or 60% anti-mildew wettable ultra-fine powder 600 times liquid spray, spray should be selected in the sunny morning, ventilation should be timely to reduce humidity. The smoke method and the powder spray method are superior to the spray method because they do not increase the humidity and the control is more thorough. In addition, tomato and eggplant can be mixed with 50% of the keeling WP or 50% of the chlorhexidine WP 1000 times in the dilution when using 2,4-D sputum. Dip-dyeing has better control effect, saving fruit and saving labor. The prevention and treatment of the drug should start at the beginning of the disease, and the drug should be administered once every 7 days or so, and it is better to take the drug 2-3 times.
Excerpted from: Henan Science and Technology News
First, the symptom identification (a) cucumber gray mold disease. It mainly harms flowers, melons, leaves, stems and vines, and invades from the withered female flowers, causing flower rot and growing sapphire mold. After the disease spreads to the young melon, the young melon is softened, rotted and atrophied. The diseased part first yellows, and then grows from the color mold layer. The mildew layer gradually changes from self-color to light gray, and the growth of the diseased melon stops, and finally decays and falls off. Large leaves with a diameter of 20-25 mm are formed on the leaves, and the edges are obvious. Sometimes the lesions grow a small amount of gray-brown mold. After the stem vines are sick, they are easy to break and cause rotten sputum. (2) Tomato gray mold. The main damage to the fruit, first from the residual flower or flower support, and then spread to the fruit or fruit stalk, so that the skin appears gray-white water-stained lesions, the diseased parts become soft and rot; after the fruit surface, flower buds and fruit stalks appear a lot of ash Brown mold layer, the fruit loses water and is rigid. Botrytis cinerea also harms the stems and leaves. The adult stage lesions are found in the leaves. They develop from the edges to the inside in a "v" shape, and produce a deep and shallow wheel pattern. A small amount of gray mold is formed on the surface, and the leaves finally die. (3) Eggplant gray mold. At the seedling stage, the tip of the cotyledon is dead, and then spread to the young stem, so that the young stem is contracted and thinned, and it is broken from the diseased part. After the true leaf, there is a round brown spot, and the back leaf or stem grows gray. Mildew, the diseased part rots. The adult stage is mainly harmful to the fruit, and the leaves and stems can also be affected. When the young fruit is sick, the brown water-stained lesions grow around the pedicle, and then the sag is rotted and the surface is gray or irregular. In the case of leaves, brown-brown large round spots or irregular-shaped lesions are produced on the leaf margins or leaves, and the gray mold is densely formed. When the stalk is severely stalked, the petiole can also produce lesions, and gray mold is produced on the lesions when wet. (4) Amaranth gray mold. The main damage to the leaves, the tip of the mountain gradually produces a light grayish brown to self-colored small spots, both upper and lower sides, enlarged to form an elliptical or fusiform lesion, and merged into a large piece of dead spots, often half of the leaves to the entire blade Desperate. When the air is wet, the diseased part produces a gray or gray-green mold layer. A semi-circular or "IV" shaped lesion can also be formed at the cut, and the lesion is yellow-brown, and a gray-brown mold layer is formed on the surface, causing the whole cluster of leek to rot, and in severe cases, it is dead.
Second, comprehensive control measures Low temperature, high humidity, insufficient light is a necessary condition for the occurrence of vegetable gray mold, of which humidity is the dominant factor in the incidence. Due to the stable ecological conditions in the greenhouse during the winter and spring seasons, the disease is prone to occur. The following measures should be taken to control the gray mold of vegetables. (1) Rational fertilization. Add fertilized organic fertilizer, do a good job of formula fertilization, pay attention to the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, cultivate strong seedlings, and improve the disease resistance of plants. (2) Adopting scientific ventilation and light transmission measures. Keep the shed film clean and increase the light transmittance. Reasonable close planting, reduce shading, improve lighting conditions, timely ventilation, reduce the humidity in the shed to maintain a higher temperature in the morning, and make the dew water atomization; extend the air release time in the afternoon; properly increase the temperature at night, especially in the middle of the night, to avoid plant condensation. . (3) Reasonable watering. Watering should be carried out on a sunny day to avoid watering on rainy days, while controlling the amount of water to minimize humidity. (4) Clearing the sick body in time. The diseased leaves, diseased fruits and diseased branches should be removed in time, packed in plastic bags and brought to the outside of the shed for centralized treatment to prevent the bacteria from being dip again. (5) Grasp the prevention and control of pharmaceuticals. The medicament is controlled by smoking, dusting and spraying. The smoking method can be used with 10% serotonin or 45% chlorothalonil 311JR-2 15% carbendazim, 200-250 grams per acre, placed in the evening, with dark fire Immediately after ignition, the greenhouse was smoked for 1 night, and the next day, the shed was ventilated. Spraying method is to spray 5% chlorothalonil dust in the evening, spray 1 kg per acre, and spray it in a greenhouse for overnight. Spray method is to use 40% Baco WP 1500-2000 times solution, or 50% keering WP 1000-1500 times solution, or 50% 0 phlegm WP 1000 times solution. Or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder, or 60% anti-mildew wettable ultra-fine powder 600 times liquid spray, spray should be selected in the sunny morning, ventilation should be timely to reduce humidity. The smoke method and the powder spray method are superior to the spray method because they do not increase the humidity and the control is more thorough. In addition, tomato and eggplant can be mixed with 50% of the keeling WP or 50% of the chlorhexidine WP 1000 times in the dilution when using 2,4-D sputum. Dip-dyeing has better control effect, saving fruit and saving labor. The prevention and treatment of the drug should start at the beginning of the disease, and the drug should be administered once every 7 days or so, and it is better to take the drug 2-3 times.
Excerpted from: Henan Science and Technology News
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