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Gree Air Conditioning President Dong Mingzhu has always been quick and quick, saying in a recent forum, "The current fluorine-free air conditioners are actually all fluoride. The concept of corporate hype is not to respect the facts, that is, lying to deceive consumers."
As soon as this remark came out, the industry was in an uproar. Dong Mingzhu's words were extremely lethal when many companies pushed for fluorine-free inverter air conditioners. The fluorine-free air conditioners sold on the market are accused of conceptual hype because the R410a refrigerant used in this product actually contains fluorine. So, what is the actual situation of domestic air-conditioning companies in the use of refrigerants? Why is there such a noise?
Transitional product: R410a
"Since this year, due to the total ban on the import of R22 refrigerant air conditioners in the US market and the promotion of CFC-free air conditioners by Midea and Haier air conditioners in the Chinese market, the output of R410a refrigerant has tripled from the same period last year. Company industry online analyst Zhang Lizhe revealed.
An engineer from China Household Appliance Research Institute and technical engineers from three air-conditioning companies in Guangdong stated in an interview with China Enterprise News that fluoride-free air conditioners do not mean that the air-conditioning refrigerant does not contain fluorine, but should be free of fluorine and chlorine hydrocarbon. This element is the culprit in destroying the "ozone layer".
For air conditioners that use "R410a" refrigerant, the industry is accustomed to call it "fluorine-free air conditioner". This is a conventional name, and there is no deception for consumers. Just like the "Freon" that everyone has been accustomed to calling, it is not a chemical element but a product name of DuPont. Earlier, DuPont also took a "Shwa" product name for R410a, just to avoid confusing concepts.
Although R410a does not contain HCFCs and will not cause damage to the earth ’s ozone layer, it still contains fluorine atoms, which will cause a greenhouse gas effect. Many air-conditioning companies also believe that compared with R22, the greenhouse gas effect caused by R410a is equivalent. This product is not the ultimate refrigerant for environmental air-conditioning, but a temporary replacement before the newer refrigerant is not studied.
Industry insiders pointed out that the reason why the Ministry of Environmental Protection and the China Home Appliances Association and other relevant functional departments and associations have not accelerated the replacement of air-conditioning refrigerants in recent years. The key is that R410a, which is currently recognized as an environmentally friendly refrigerant by domestic air-conditioning companies, is only a staged replacement and will eventually be replaced by a more environmentally friendly refrigerant.
Prior to this, the refrigerant replacement work in China's refrigerator market was relatively fast. At present, the fluorine-free refrigerators sold in the domestic market are all using R600a refrigerant instead of R12. Refrigerators have a fast refrigerant upgrade because R600a is a natural refrigerant relative to R410a. It does not affect the ozone house and greenhouse gas effects, and there is no need to replace it. Since R410a is a synthetic refrigerant, from the point of view of product attributes, it is inevitable to produce "greenhouse gases", and it still needs to be replaced.
Since the current patents for this refrigerant are mainly held by a few foreign-funded companies such as DuPont, Honeywell and Daikin Japan, the world has different attitudes to R410a, and the EU has been trying to find more environmentally friendly refrigeration Products, and the China Household Electrical Appliances Association has been organizing air-conditioning companies to seek new refrigerant alternatives.
"This is also the reason why the Home Appliances Association has not forced companies to replace R22 with R410a in recent years. On the one hand, because R410a is a transitional product, if it faces a second phase out in the future, it is a waste to force Chinese companies to replace the refrigerant. On the other hand, the government and the association also want to leave some opportunities and space for Chinese enterprises. "A person familiar with the matter said.
Beneficiaries: DuPont, Honeywell, Daikin
Behind R410a, there are three multinational giants: DuPont, Honeywell, and Daikin.
At present, the worldwide R410a patent rights are in the hands of these three companies. An engineer from the China Household Appliance Research Institute revealed that when refrigerator companies were replacing environmentally friendly refrigerants, DuPont and Honeywell both organized technical delegations to take turns to the government, associations and related large companies to explain and Propaganda, trying to persuade Chinese companies to use R134a (R134a is the same as R410a. Both belong to products with high GWP value and very low ODP value) as a refrigerant upgrade replacement. However, some German companies supported us to engage in R600A refrigerant, which eventually triggered two trends of refrigerants in the Chinese refrigerator market.
Refrigerators sold in the domestic market use R600a environmentally friendly refrigerants, while those exported to the US market use R134a refrigerants from DuPont and Honeywell.
"Although R410A refrigerant is manually prepared, Chinese companies also know the ratio of the preparation and can make exactly the same thing, but because the patent is in the hands of others, we have to pay the patent fee to use it. At present, an air conditioner uses R410a Refrigerants are about 4 times more expensive than R22, "said a professor at Tianjin University who did not wish to be named.
A person in charge of an air-conditioning company has even calculated such an account. If China's air-conditioning refrigerants are currently upgraded from R22 to R410a, only the extra patent fees and cost fees will be billions of yuan each year.
More people in the industry pointed out that in recent years, companies such as DuPont have earned a lot of business benefits under the guise of environmental protection. And because domestic companies have not yet developed a new refrigerant that is more suitable to replace R410a, air-conditioning companies can only "compromise".
However, fortunately, the R410a patents of these three companies will expire in China in 2011. Next, domestic air-conditioning companies are expected to get rid of the expensive and patent fees in this refrigerant product.
Breaker: R290 or other
Fortunately, refrigerators sold in the domestic market use R600a environmentally friendly refrigerants, while those exported to the US market use R134a refrigerants from DuPont and Honeywell.
"Although R410A refrigerant is manually prepared, Chinese companies also know the ratio of the preparation and can make exactly the same thing, but because the patent is in the hands of others, we have to pay the patent fee to use it. At present, an air conditioner uses R410a Refrigerants are about 4 times more expensive than R22, "said a professor at Tianjin University who did not wish to be named.
A person in charge of an air-conditioning company has even calculated such an account. If China's air-conditioning refrigerants are currently upgraded from R22 to R410a, only the extra patent fees and cost fees will be billions of yuan each year.
More people in the industry pointed out that in recent years, companies such as DuPont have earned a lot of business benefits under the guise of environmental protection. And because domestic companies have not yet developed a new refrigerant that is more suitable to replace R410a, air-conditioning companies can only "compromise".
However, fortunately, the R410a patents of these three companies will expire in China in 2011. Next, domestic air-conditioning companies are expected to get rid of the expensive and patent fees in this refrigerant product.
Breaker: R290 or other
Fortunately, the current domestic research on emerging environmentally friendly refrigerants has not stopped, and its focus is on solving the problem of high R410a greenhouse effect potential (GWP). At present, natural refrigerant R290, a new environmentally friendly refrigerant "DY1-5" developed by Shandong Dongyue and Tsinghua University, and Honeywell and DuPont have also developed a product HFO that replaces automotive air conditioning refrigerants -1234YF may become a new patented product after technical improvement. In addition, Zhejiang University has also carried out related experiments of "new ternary mixed refrigerant R32 / R125 / R161 instead of refrigerant R407C".
However, the current focus is R290. This is not only because laboratory tests have been completed on this refrigerant for air conditioners. As early as 2002, Shanghai General Machinery Research Institute had done "R290 flammable explosive experiment and its trial in refrigeration unit". In 2006, Associate Professor Tranquility Red of Tianjin Business School also did "Replacement and Application Research of R290 Household Air Conditioner", which provided a lot of theoretical basis for the industrial application of this product.
In 2009, Gree Air Conditioning ’s National Ministry of Commerce ’s “Development of High-efficiency and Energy-Saving Air-Conditioners Using Natural Environmental Protection R290 (Propane)†passed the acceptance of the expert group, and received 2 million yuan from the Ministry of Commerce and 105 “Montreal Multilateral Fund†Project funding of 10,000 Euros.
The reporter noted that the low cost of R290 can be obtained directly from the existing liquefied gas, while the GWP value and ODP value are close to 0, and there are similar natural refrigerant R600a successful application in refrigerator products, which is a sufficient Solutions that make many air-conditioning companies heart-warming. Lin Kun, deputy director of Chigo Air Conditioning Technology, told reporters that many years ago, the China Household Electrical Appliances Association organized mainstream air-conditioning companies to conduct R290 refrigerant substitution tests. Companies including Chigo, Midea, and Gree have been conducting research and development and related products. experiment.
However, the above advantages of R290 are not as good as the lethal shortcoming of "flammable and explosive", Lin Kun said with no worries, "If you are not afraid of 10,000, you will be afraid of it. Once an R290 air conditioner appears in the country The explosion will cause consumer panic, which is the root cause that all companies dare not rush forward. "In this regard, a chief engineer of the China Household Appliance Research Institute told reporters that the R600A, which is also a natural refrigerant, is not worried about explosions when applied to refrigerators The problem is because the compressor power is small and the filling volume is small, which is equivalent to the amount of two lighters, and there is no hidden danger. The air conditioner is up to dozens of lighters.
However, Wang Lei, deputy director of the China Household Electrical Appliances Association, believes, "How dangerous is the flammability problem of R290? This requires an experimental basis and cannot be the same. Research conducted in China shows that with the development of the entire air-conditioning system, the technology It is possible to reduce the danger to within the control target. Of course, R290 is just a technology we are currently experimenting with. What kind of technology should be used to replace the Chinese home air-conditioning industry is open. "
At present, the war for R410a to replace R22 has just begun, but many air-conditioning companies in China have to face the replacement and upgrade from R410a to newer environmentally friendly refrigerants. Should R410a replace R22 first, or directly replace R22 with R290 or DY1-5? In the competition for new environmentally friendly refrigerants, can Chinese companies circumvent the patent doors of foreign-funded enterprises and open up a path for independent innovation and development? These are still unsolved problems.
At present, domestic research on emerging environmentally friendly refrigerants has not stopped, and its key direction is to solve the problem of high R410a greenhouse effect potential value (GWP). At present, natural refrigerant R290, a new environmentally friendly refrigerant "DY1-5" developed by Shandong Dongyue and Tsinghua University, and Honeywell and DuPont have also developed a product HFO that replaces automotive air conditioning refrigerants -1234YF may become a new patented product after technical improvement. In addition, Zhejiang University has also carried out related experiments of "new ternary mixed refrigerant R32 / R125 / R161 instead of refrigerant R407C".
However, the current focus is R290. This is not only because laboratory tests have been completed on this refrigerant for air conditioners. As early as 2002, Shanghai General Machinery Research Institute had done "R290 flammable explosive experiment and its trial in refrigeration unit". In 2006, Associate Professor Tranquility Red of Tianjin Business School also did "Replacement and Application Research of R290 Household Air Conditioner", which provided a lot of theoretical basis for the industrial application of this product.
In 2009, Gree Air Conditioning ’s National Ministry of Commerce ’s “Development of High-efficiency and Energy-Saving Air-Conditioners Using Natural Environmental Protection R290 (Propane)†passed the acceptance of the expert group, and received 2 million yuan from the Ministry of Commerce and 105 “Montreal Multilateral Fund†Project funding of 10,000 Euros.
The reporter noted that the low cost of R290 can be obtained directly from the existing liquefied gas, while the GWP value and ODP value are close to 0, and there are similar natural refrigerant R600a successful application in refrigerator products, which is a sufficient Solutions that make many air-conditioning companies heart-warming. Lin Kun, deputy director of Chigo Air Conditioning Technology, told reporters that many years ago, the China Household Electrical Appliances Association organized mainstream air-conditioning companies to conduct R290 refrigerant substitution tests. Companies including Chigo, Midea, and Gree have been conducting research and development and related products. experiment.
However, the above advantages of R290 are not as good as the lethal shortcoming of "flammable and explosive", Lin Kun said with no worries, "If you are not afraid of 10,000, you will be afraid of it. Once an R290 air conditioner appears in the country The explosion will cause consumer panic, which is the root cause that all companies dare not rush forward. "In this regard, a chief engineer of the China Household Appliance Research Institute told reporters that the R600A, which is also a natural refrigerant, is used in refrigerators and does not worry about explosions. The problem is because the compressor power is small and the filling volume is small, which is equivalent to the amount of two lighters, and there is no hidden danger. The air conditioner is up to dozens of lighters.
However, Wang Lei, deputy director of the China Household Electrical Appliances Association, believes, "How dangerous is the flammability problem of R290? This requires an experimental basis and cannot be the same. Research conducted in China shows that with the development of the entire air-conditioning system, the technology It is possible to reduce the danger to within the control target. Of course, R290 is just a technology we are currently experimenting with. What kind of technology should be used to replace the Chinese home air-conditioning industry is open. "
At present, the war for R410a to replace R22 has just begun, but many air-conditioning companies in China have to face the replacement and upgrade from R410a to newer environmentally friendly refrigerants. Should R410a replace R22 first, or directly replace R22 with R290 or DY1-5? In the competition for new environmentally friendly refrigerants, can Chinese companies circumvent the patent doors of foreign-funded enterprises and open up a path for independent innovation and development? These are still unsolved problems.
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