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According to incomplete statistics, at present, the energy consumption of public buildings in China is approximately 5-15 times that of residential buildings, the total energy consumption of buildings in China accounts for 28.7% of the total energy consumption of the society, and the energy loss of doors and windows. It also accounts for 40% of building energy consumption. Therefore, doors and windows are the main ways to cause energy loss. To reduce the total energy consumption of buildings and achieve overall building energy conservation, we must first start with weak doors and windows, and improve the thermal insulation performance of doors and windows from various aspects. As an excellent choice of light building materials, aluminum alloy heat insulation profiles have become an inevitable choice for architectural designers to design energy-saving buildings, from small units to a single unit, to large building applications, regardless of appearance or energy efficiency. The controls perfectly reflect the designer's design concept. I will explain the application of aluminum alloy heat insulation technology in the curtain wall from two aspects of profile and glass.
1. Application of aluminum alloy heat insulation profiles
In the absence of a strong call for energy conservation, the doors, windows and curtain walls are basically made of aluminum or other profiles. In recent years, especially in doors and windows, aluminum alloy aluminum alloy profiles with thermal breaks have been widely used. With the continuous improvement of the requirements for heat insulation performance, curtain wall design has begun to adopt the thermal insulation bridge design. Taking the Beijing area as an example, the average heat transfer coefficient of the transparent part of the outer window, DBJ11-891-201(1) issued in 2012 for the Design Standard for Energy Efficiency of Residential Buildings, K ≤ 2.0W/m2.K(1), is now implemented. The Design Standard for Energy Efficiency of Residential Buildings in Cold and Cold Areas, JGJ26-2010(2), specifies that the average heat transfer coefficient of the transparent part of the outer window is K ≤ 2.5 W/m2K(2), and the new standard is being reorganized. Therefore, we can see from the changes in the limits of the heat transfer coefficient that the country has higher and higher requirements for energy conservation. Therefore, 3 energy-saving design is imperative. When it comes to energy conservation, we must start with heat transfer. Heat transfer includes three aspects: conduction, convection (the term "convection" is provided by the Encyclopedia of Industry) and radiation (shown in Figure 1 below). Heat Conduction:
The phenomenon of heat transfer from one part of the system to another or from one system to another is called heat conduction. Convection: The process of bringing the temperature between the hotter and cooler parts of the liquid or gas to a uniform temperature by circulating flow. Thermal radiation: An object has the ability to emit energy due to its own temperature. This type of heat transfer is called thermal radiation.
2. The effect of warm edge spacers on heat insulation and energy conservation
According to the “Geothermal Calculation Rules for Building Doors and Windows Curtain Walls†JGJ/T151-2008, the fourth item in Equation 4.3.1 above is the effect of spacers on the heat transfer performance, so the heat transfer performance of the spacers will also be direct. Affects the heat transfer coefficient of the entire plate. So when doing thermal insulation and energy saving design, this part is also within the necessary considerations. In the following, we also use the curtain wall node as an example. The Therm software is used to simulate the use of Tylennos warm edge spacers and cold edge aluminum spacers. The results are compared as follows: Curtain wall nodes designed using cold edge spacers (As shown in Figure 4 below), the thermal calculation results of the box material using Therm software are: Uf = 4.898 W/ m2.K.
Using the Typhoon TGI Warm Edge 12mm spacer strip design (shown in Figure 5 below), the results of the thermal calculation simulation using Therm software are: Uf =4.482W/m2.K.
In a comparison of the two scenarios, the use of TGI warm edge spacers reduces the U value of the frame material (the term “U value†provided by the Industry Encyclopedia) by 4.98-4.482=0.416 W. / m2.K, the coefficient of heat transfer to the boundary is reduced by 2.132-1.904=0.227 W/m2.K. It can be seen that the design of the warm edge spacer has also been used to improve the thermal performance of the frame material. Therefore, the use of warm edge spacers in the design of curtain walls is an indispensable choice for thermal insulation and energy saving design.
Above, we conducted a comparative analysis of the design of the two different forms of insulation strips and spacer strips. The results of the simulation calculations are in stark contrast. With these thermal insulation designs, the heat transfer coefficient of the frame material has become apparent. Reduced, thus greatly improving thermal performance. It is the adoption of this heat- and energy-saving design that reduces the loss of heat, reduces the loss of energy, and makes a significant contribution to building energy efficiency. It is suggested that curtain wall designers use the design of the heat-insulating section and warmer edge spacer in the design of the curtain wall in the future to reduce the energy consumption of the building curtain wall and make due contributions to the energy conservation of the building.
Rotary Rings are a type of rotating seal widely used in various rotating equipment, such as rotary joints, rotary couplings, rotary connectors, etc. Its main function is to prevent liquid or gas leakage and maintain the normal operation of the equipment. In different applications, the material, structure, sealing method, size, etc. of Rotary Rings vary to adapt to different working conditions.
The materials of Rotary Rings are mainly divided into two categories: metallic and non-metallic.
Metal materials mainly include stainless steel, steel, copper, aluminum, etc., which have characteristics of high strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and are suitable for rotary seals in harsh environments such as high temperature, high pressure, and high-speed.
Non metallic materials mainly include ceramics, silicon carbide, graphite, etc., which have characteristics such as high hardness, high wear resistance, and low friction coefficient. They are suitable for rotary seals under conditions such as low temperature, low pressure, and high speed.
The structure of Rotary Rings is mainly divided into three types: unidirectional rotation, bidirectional rotation, and rotational stationary.
1. Unidirectional rotating structure
The Rotary Rings with a unidirectional rotation structure can only rotate in one direction and are suitable for devices with only unidirectional rotation.
The Rotary Rings with a bidirectional rotation structure can rotate in two directions, suitable for devices that require bidirectional rotation.
The Rotary Rings with a rotating stationary structure are composed of a rotating ring and a stationary ring. The rotating ring contacts the stationary ring during rotation to achieve sealing, suitable for equipment that requires a rotating stationary seal.
The sealing methods of Rotary Rings are mainly divided into mechanical sealing and liquid sealing.
Mechanical sealing is achieved through the contact surface between the rotating ring and the stationary ring, which has the characteristics of high reliability, long service life, and simple maintenance. It is suitable for rotary sealing in harsh environments such as high speed, high temperature, and high pressure.
Liquid sealing is achieved by injecting liquid between the rotating ring and the stationary ring, which has the characteristics of good sealing performance, low friction coefficient, and preventing dry friction. It is suitable for rotary sealing under low speed, low temperature, low pressure, and other conditions.
The size of Rotary Rings is mainly determined by the equipment requirements, including inner diameter, outer diameter, thickness, shaft diameter, etc.
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