Fire escape self-help common sense Tip: Why set up the refuge layer?

1. Why set up the refuge layer?

In buildings with a height of more than 100m, it is difficult to evacuate the people inside the building to the outside in the event of a fire. According to test data from relevant research departments in Canada, using a staircase with a width of 1.10 meters, the number of people in a 30-story building is calculated by 240 people per floor. It takes about 78 minutes to evacuate to the outside, even if two evacuation stairs of the same width are used. It will take nearly 40 minutes. Obviously, it is difficult to evacuate people to the outside in the shortest possible time. Therefore, China's "High-rise Civil Building Design Fire Code" (GB50045-95) (2005 edition) stipulates that public buildings with a height of more than 100 m should be provided with refuge or shelter.

2. How to implement the evacuation function?

First of all, the refuge layer needs to be set according to certain principles. China's "High Regulations" stipulates that it should not exceed 15 layers from the first floor of the high-rise building to the first refuge floor or between the two refuge floors. It is mainly considered that if a fire occurs below the 15th floor, the personnel of the refuge floor gathered around the 15th floor can no longer be evacuated by stairs, and the personnel can be evacuated by the ladder truck. At present, many cities in China have been equipped with a 50-meter-high ladder truck to meet the needs of the 15-storey height. Beijing has been equipped with a 100-meter-high ladder truck.

Secondly, there are special requirements for the installation of anti-smoke stairwells in the refuge. China's "High Regulations" stipulates that the anti-smoke stairs leading to the refuge floor should be separated in the refuge floor, dislocated in the same layer or disconnected from the upper and lower layers to ensure that personnel must be evacuated. The layers can be up and down. It is mainly considered that, after a fire, entering the entrance of the refuge floor, if there is no necessary guiding sign, it is not easy for the extremely nervous person to find the refuge floor. Therefore, the smoke-proof stairwell should be disconnected through the refuge floor in the erroneous floor or in the upper and lower layers so that the person who needs to enter can enter the refuge floor as soon as possible.

In addition, the refuge floor is equipped with corresponding fire protection facilities and equipment, such as automatic fire alarm system, automatic sprinkler system, independent smoke control system, fire elevator, fire line telephone, emergency broadcast and emergency lighting (power supply time should not be less than 1 Hours, the illuminance should not be less than 1 lux). The net area of ​​the refuge floor should meet the requirements for evacuation of asylum-seekers, and should be calculated at 5 people per square meter.

3. How can personnel effectively use the refuge to escape and protect themselves?

First of all, it is necessary to carry out fire safety inspection and maintenance on the refuge floor regularly to ensure that all types of fire protection facilities and equipment in the refuge floor are in good condition and the refuge floor cannot be used for other purposes.

Secondly, each person using high-rise buildings should improve their own fire and fire safety awareness and master the necessary fire safety knowledge and escape skills. Personnel working in the high-rise building should understand the emergency evacuation plan and participate in the drill regularly (the fire safety key units will conduct the drill at least once every six months); the personnel who temporarily enter the high-rise building should also know their location and the nearest time. The evacuation channel and the location of the safety exit ensure the fastest evacuation after a fire.

Last but not least, the refuge floor is not an absolutely safe place, it is limited by the fire rating of the building itself. Therefore, if a fire occurs on a floor above the refuge floor, evacuate to an outdoor safe area as soon as possible if there is a safe evacuation condition.

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