Emergency rescue and treatment of major production accidents in enterprises and institutions

The emergency rescue of major accidents often involves multiple rescue departments and agencies. Therefore, the unified command and coordination of emergency operations is the key to effective emergency rescue. Establish a unified emergency command, coordination and decision-making procedure to facilitate the initial assessment of the accident, confirm the state of emergency, and quickly and effectively make emergency response decisions, establish on-site work areas, and direct and coordinate rescue teams on-site to carry out rescue operations in a rational and efficient manner. To deploy and use emergency resources.

First, emergency function settings - command and control

The emergency function should be clear:

1. Site headquarters establishment procedures;
2. Command duties and powers;
3. Command system (who directs who, who works with, who reports to whom);
4. The method of enabling off-site emergency teams;
5. Assessment of the situation and procedures for emergency decision-making;
6. Coordination of on-site command and emergency command;
7. Coordination between enterprise emergency command and external emergency command.

The emergency command may include an emergency commander and an on-site emergency command. The general commander of the emergency command is generally assumed by the general manager, and the on-site command is generally assumed by the deputy general manager of production or the first person in charge of the incident. However, the company is determining the general commander and on-site commander. At that time, we must consider who is the commanding person for certain reasons (such as business trips, etc.) and who are not present at the time of the accident, so as to ensure that rescue operations do not appear chaotic.

1. The responsibility of the emergency commander is:

(1) Responsible for organizing the implementation of the emergency rescue plan.
(2) Responsible for directing and dispatching various security teams to participate in the emergency rescue operations of the group companies.
(3) Responsible for issuing information for starting or resolving emergency rescue operations.
(4) Open the on-site command organization.
(5) Inform the local government or the garrison of the emergency rescue action plan and put forward specific requirements for support.

2. The on-site command responsibilities are:

(1) Take full responsibility for the organization and command of the emergency rescue scene.
(2) Responsible for timely reporting to the general headquarters on-site rescue work. Ensure that the on-site rescue operations are coordinated with the command of the general headquarters and the work of the various safeguard systems.
(3) Carry out on-site assessment of the accident, and propose relevant plans for emergency rescue and rescue to the headquarters of emergency rescue headquarters for the record. When necessary, conduct direct communication with the professional and technical personnel of the headquarters or related experts to determine the emergency rescue plan.
(4) When necessary, on-site reinforcements, personnel evacuation, and requests for assistance from the government are proposed and reported to the general headquarters.
(5) Participate in accident investigation and handling work, and be responsible for the summary of accident rescue work on the scene.

3. Joint command.

When enterprises use local emergency rescue agencies such as fire fighting, medical rescue, etc., the command system of these emergency agencies will form a joint command with the company's command system. With the arrival of various departments, the joint command will gradually expand.

The enterprise emergency command should be a member of the joint command. The joint command members must work together to establish common goals and strategies, share information, make full use of available resources, and improve response efficiency. In the joint command process, the main task of the company's emergency command is to direct the company information needed to provide rescue, such as the distribution map of the plant, important protection targets, the location of fire protection facilities, etc. It should also cooperate with other departments in emergency rescue, such as assisting commanders. Evacuation and so on.

When the members of the joint command cannot agree on a particular issue, the joint commander member responsible for the issue usually makes the final decision.

However, if there are few other departments, if there is a major fire accident and there is no possibility of casualties, only the fire department needs to support it. You may consider the support department to provide support for information and materials.

Second, emergency function settings - leakage control

In the event of a dangerous substance spill, the control of the spilled substance is crucial to prevent environmental pollution, ensure site safety, and prevent the accident from expanding. Spill controls include containment of spills, containment and decontamination. The emergency function requirement is:

1. Prepare a clear and concise list of containment, containment, and decontamination measures for each of the large number of dangerous substances.
2. Clearly available equipment (pumps, containers, adsorbent materials, etc.), decontamination equipment (including spray-sprayed vehicles), and decontamination materials should be clearly established. The status of the decontamination supplies enterprises and the communication list should be established.
3. In the planning of leakage control measures and the control of leakage, safety considerations of emergency personnel must be fully considered to ensure that the emergency personnel face the least danger.
4. In certain areas where leakage may occur, the use of the topography of the area may be used to contain the leakage. If necessary, take a foam cover method to reduce the evaporation of the leak, or use a spray method to reduce the concentration of toxic and harmful gases.
5. The decontamination station should be opened in time to disinfect the personnel, equipment and materials that need to be disposed of.

In the process of controlling leakage, we must always adhere to the guiding principle of “saving people first”, actively rescue the injured in the accident area, evacuation of the threatened surrounding personnel to a safe place, and send the injured to a medical institution. The general procedure for controlling leakage is as follows:

1. After arriving at the scene, the accident area was reconnaissanceed to quickly ascertain the nature of the accident, the casualties of the personnel, the number of threatened personnel, the nature and quantity of explosives, toxic substances, the formation and speed of the leak, the risk of explosion, the degree of damage, and rescue personnel. Methods and offensive routes;
2. Take anti-virus, explosion-proof and anti-proliferation measures to dispose of favorable and unfavorable conditions;
3. Cut off the source of the leakage and eliminate the dangerous situation. In the case of being unable to cut off, it is necessary to take measures against proliferation and explosion to reduce the degree of harm to personnel.
4. Covering and assisting repair personnel in repair work;
5. After the accident is disposed of, the hazardous substances are decontaminated and the danger is completely eliminated.

The emergency commander must always keep abreast of the accident scene during the disposal process, adjust the force in time, organize the rotation, and in the event of a major sudden change, the emergency commander must make a decision to storm or transfer the evacuation decisively to avoid further casualties. loss.

Third, emergency settings - emergency rescue personnel safety

The emergency rescue work for major accidents, especially for major accidents involving hazardous substances, is extremely dangerous. Careful consideration must be given to the emergency personnel's own safety issues, including safety precautions, personal protective equipment, on-site safety monitoring, etc., and clear emergency evacuation emergency Personnel conditions and procedures ensure that emergency personnel are protected from accidents.

Emergency response personnel's own safety is an important factor that should be taken into account in emergency response plans for major industrial accidents. In this emergency function, the preparations and regulations for protecting the safety of emergency personnel should be clearly defined, including:

1. Procedures for the emergency team or emergency personnel to enter and leave the site, including the communication method between the commander and the emergency personnel, and promptly notify emergency rescue personnel of the method of evacuating the danger zone, such as command whistle, electronic siren 30s, etc. to avoid emergency rescue. The staff suffers unnecessary harm.
2. According to the nature of the accident, determine the level of personal protection, and reasonably equipped with personal protective equipment, such as self-contained breathing apparatus. In addition, after collecting more information at the accident site, the required personal protective equipment should be reassessed to ensure proper selection and use of personal protective equipment.
3. Emergency personnel disinfection facilities and procedures.
4. The training arrangements for emergency personnel on ensuring their own safety, including the ability to correctly identify hazards in emergency situations and reasonably select protective measures, and the correct use of personal protective equipment.