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The objects of care are a wide variety of stones, each with its own rock and mineral characteristics, chemical and physical characteristics. The rock properties of stone are nothing more than igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks. It is divided into two major categories of carbonates and silicates by chemical composition.
Silicate rocks such as granite, diabase (gabbro), syenite, horn rock, etc., carbonate rocks such as marble, limestone, travertine, etc. Knowing the rock properties of stone can master the mineral composition and chemical composition of the rock, thus determining the resistance of the stone to chemical weathering and prone to symptoms. Mastering the structural and physical properties of the rock, it is possible to determine the resistance of the stone to physical weathering, thus guiding the correct application of stone.
Analysis of the phenomena and formation mechanisms of various diseases
The chemical pollution in modern stone applications mainly includes water spots, rust spots, efflorescence, discoloration, and organic matter pollution.
The reason for the appearance of water spots is very complicated. It is generally believed that the water absorption rate of stone is high, and the stone protection is not well done.
The appearance of rust spots is actually the result of the oxidation of iron components in rocks. The iron in the rock is generally present as ferrous iron, but the ferrous iron is unstable and reacts with oxygen in the air to become ferric iron to form ferric oxide.
The color change of the stone mainly appears on the stone variety with poor chemical stability. During the installation process, the stone wall surface gradually turns yellow from top to bottom, and the entire wall completely turns yellow over time. The chemical stability of travertine itself is poor. The carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in the air react with calcium oxide in travertine. In particular, the sulfide formed must be yellowish white stone. Moreover, both the coating and the binder contain a large amount of volatiles during the construction process, and these volatile components also react with the stone, which affects such stones with poor chemical stability.
The phenomenon of efflorescence occurs after the stone is installed with wet stickers. In fact, most of the sources of alkaline materials come from the bonding materials. If the dry hanging process is used, the pan-alkali will not appear. Similarly, the dry hanging process will not cause water spots.
Prevention and treatment of several common stone diseases
1, rust spots
The key to preventing rust spots is to perform effective surface treatment after stone processing to prevent the iron-bearing minerals from oozing out of the surface after oxidation. Generally, oil-based protective agents are used.
The rust spot is mainly used as a rust remover, but since the rust remover is mostly acidic, the 365 stone net should be tested on the acid-resistant stone such as marble or dolomite, and water should be added if necessary.
2, water spots, wet marks
The prevention of water spots is mainly to inject resin to make the stone waterproof, to prevent the moisture in the air from coming into contact with the internal materials of the stone or cement, and to reduce the chemical reaction conditions.
The treatment of water spots mainly uses the infiltration dye to change the color of the original stone. The "wet marks are not dry" can be regarded as a major problem in the international stone conservation.
3, Baihua phenomenon, commonly known as tears
The prevention of Baihua phenomenon is mainly to treat the stone with six sides after the stone processing with osmotic protective agent.
The main problem of dealing with Baihua is to rinse the surface of the cleaned stone with water to make it neutral. After drying, the surface and joints of the stone are cured.
Rust remover and detergent should use high oxygen, mild formula, remove rust stains, tea stains, straw stains, yellow spot stains and metal oxides on the stone, and must not hurt the stone. (Please check Shanghai Tianen Stone Protection Lecture Hall)
After a period of use in the hotel's upscale hotel, the stone will be darkened on the stone. Due to the busy business of the hotel's high-end hotels, it is not allowed to take too much time for stone care, so you can use Dolby 2000#3000# to enhance the hardening agent. Dolby 2000#3000# Adds a hardening agent to form a hard surface, thus increasing the hardness level of the stone. At the same time, increase the gloss of the stone, you can walk after about 1 hour, and you can drive after 24 hours of drying. The effect is better after the second application, but do not apply too thick for the first time. After a large area is completed, it is cleaned and cleaned with water, and then a bright and radiant crystal surface effect appears.
If the stone damage is serious, the surface gloss disappears. If this is the case, you will need to polish with Dolby polishing powder + f66 glazing agent. The polishing powder contains fine particles of an oxidizing agent such as alumina or tin oxide, and its main component contains a surface oxidation active and does not contain an acid. Hand-polished is suitable for the bathroom and kitchen area of ​​the hotel building, while the machine polishing is used for a large area of ​​matte area, as follows:
1. Ensure that the surface is dry and not protected by a protective agent. If necessary, use a neutral detergent to clean the surface to make the stone surface clean and dry, ready for the next polishing.
2. Use a spatula to remove the polishing liquid onto the surface of the stone, then sprinkle the same amount of polishing powder, using half a spoon of polishing powder and polishing liquid on each square foot (0.093 square meters) of stone surface.
3. Polish with 100-140 lb ground grinder or hand grinder (1500-2500 rpm) with white nylon pad and wool pad for polishing on the floor to be treated. Polish 6-8 square feet (0.56 - 0.74 square meters) each time until its brightness is restored. Generally one can (0.5kg) can be polished to 200 square feet.
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