Construction of New Potato Breeding System in Yunnan

After several years of efforts by the group, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the Institute of Cash Crop Research, has made breakthroughs in the breeding of high-starch new varieties of starch. At present, it has selected and bred fresh varieties of Yunshu 101, starch-processing varieties, Yunshu 201, and winter. For export varieties Yunshu 501, fried varieties anti-Qing 9-1 and other high-quality special varieties, as well as a large number of colored potato varieties. The scope of breeding involves areas such as high-yield fresh food, high-starch, potato chips, French fries, colored fleshy potatoes, winter special varieties, and high-resistance late blight, and gradually established its own breeding system for new potato varieties.

It is reported that potato is an advantageous crop in Yunnan Province, and it is also a large-scale agricultural product exported from Yunnan Province to Southeast Asia and southern China. During the “10th Five-Year Plan” period, the Yunnan Provincial Government listed the potato industry as one of the five major agricultural industries that the province focused on. However, the lack of germplasm resources and the lack of high-quality, disease-resistant and high-yield special-purpose varieties have become major problems that restrict the sustainable and efficient development of the potato industry in Yunnan Province. According to experts, for a long time, Yunnan Province has been focusing on high-yielding, fresh-eating potatoes as the main breeding target. It has lags behind in the selection and breeding of special-purpose varieties, and the major potato production areas in Yunnan Province coincide with the rainy season in the potato growth and serious late blight. None of the introduced varieties at home and abroad can withstand the serious endangerment of Yunnan's late blight. In addition, the special and complex geographical and climatic conditions in Yunnan make it impossible for foreign varieties to grow in large areas. Therefore, in order to develop the potato industry in Yunnan Province, it is imperative to intensify research and breeding efforts, establish its own breeding system for new varieties of potatoes, and select a number of special potato varieties suitable for local cultivation that are high in quality, disease resistance and high yield.

To this end, the Yunnan Research and Development Center of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the provincial research institute have established joint breeding sites in Guizhou, Sichuan, and Fujian, and conducted joint breeding with local research departments to select and breed fresh foods such as Yunshu 101 and other high-quality specialties. Variety, and built a potato breeding network based on Yunnan, facing southern China and the surrounding area. In response to the serious endangerment of potato late blight, the center also introduced 21 potato wild species. Through indoor and field late blight resistance evaluation, 6 potato wild strains with high resistance to late blight disease were screened out and obtained through cross pollination. Hybrids of some wild species and cultivars.

At present, the potato research and development center is evaluating the late blight resistance, field agronomic traits, and processing quality of these hybrid offspring and selecting new breeds with high resistance to late blight. At the same time, the center also carried out the improvement and breeding of new varieties of colored succulent potatoes. A large number of raw potato cultivars were introduced to carry out innovative research on color potato resources at the diploid and tetraploid level. A large number of color potato varieties were obtained, which can provide the market with some purple hearts, full purple, and color patterns. Red series of colored potato new lines, and Ziyun series, red cloud series, Caiyun series 3 series can provide seed potatoes for small-scale demonstration planting.

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