Technical advice on field management of soybean in the middle and late stages of Northeast China

    Due to the severe cold springs in the northeastern part of the spring, the sowing date of soybeans in most areas was postponed for 7-10 days. Although the temperature is high from late June to early July , soybean growth is accelerated, but the birth process is still 3-7 days later than normal . Moreover, in some areas in summer, it is rainy, the temperature is low, and the pests and diseases are aggravating; in some areas, there may be a staged drought. In response to the current soybean seedling growth trend and future weather trends, the Ministry of Agriculture's soybean expert group put forward the field management technical opinions focusing on “preventing pests, promoting early maturity and increasing grain weight”:

    First, timely drainage and flood control. In the northeastern region, there are more rains in summer, and low-lying areas or plots that are prone to internal hemorrhoids should be drained in time after rain. Measures such as mechanical drainage and trench drainage are adopted to eliminate water accumulation in the field and stagnant water in the plough layer as soon as possible. After draining, timely correct and straighten the plants, wash away the surface sludge, and restore the plants to normal photosynthesis as soon as possible.

    Second, cultivating weeding to promote growth. For the fourth year, with accumulated north of the area due to delayed sowing soybean growing weak growth of the seedlings, the plants grow too small field pieces, to be carried out as soon as possible in cultivating soybeans not before sealing ridge, scattered moisture, weeding, fertilizer, promote the growth of soybean . At the same time, the soil is prevented from falling. In the late soybean growth, the manual removal Diaozi smartweed, cocklebur, water barnyard grass, grass phalanx, Portland cauliflower, prickly dish, gray dishes large grass field, increase air and light, promote soybean growth.

    Third, foliar spray fertilizer promotes early maturity. Spraying foliar fertilizer in the early flowering stage and the pod-forming stage can increase pod number and grain weight. Especially in the case that the birth process is generally late this year , the application of foliar fertilizer can speed up the birth process, promote the normal maturity of soybeans, and prevent early frost damage. Foliar application of urea plus potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the amount of urea per acre is 350 ~ 700 grams plus potassium dihydrogen phosphate 150 ~ 300 grams, and according to the situation of soil deficiency can increase micro-fertilizer. Usually the amount of 25 g of ammonium molybdate, 100 g of borax, watered spray mixture, spray time after 16:00 is appropriate, can be sprayed flower pods of 2-3 times.

    Fourth, the prevention of pests and diseases. Rainy or dry weather can increase the incidence of pests and diseases. Soybean should focus on prevention and control of two diseases and three diseases in the middle and late stages of soybean.

    The first is to prevent and control soybeans. Adult Sheng period, grow well in Field (sealing ridge already) block, using 80% DDVP 1.52 - 25kg / ha, with 400-- straw dipped in medicine sorghum or corn, etc. 500, uniform ridge inserted in the table. Lot growing soybean field in general, should use 2.5% deltamethrin, fenvalerate 20% emulsion diluted with water for ULV 1-2-fold or 2000-fold dilution of a conventional spray for control. The control of the newly hatched larvae is carried out by conventional field spray control with 2.5% deltamethrin or 20% pyrethroid insecticide, and the liquid is sprayed on the stems and pods below the canopy of the plant.

    The second is to control red spiders. The persistent drought of red spiders is fast and harmful. For this reason, it is necessary to prevent and control in time. Available 48% chlorpyrifos 1500ml / hm2 with 1.8% Avermectin 300ml / hm2 spray mix, or 15% EC 3000 times the net pyridaben, fenpyroximate 5% suspending 1000-2000 times spray.

     The third is to control gray spot disease: the weather in the drum-grain period is rainy and the temperature is high, which is conducive to the occurrence of the disease. Along the rivers and lakes, the terrain is low, and the microclimate is humid, which is conducive to the onset. When 30% of soybean appear gray leaf spot, spray Jituo Bu Jin A 70% or 50% carbendazim wettable powder, an amount of 1500g per hectare, administration 1-2 times, 7-10 days interval. The fourth is to prevent downy mildew. In a warm and humid environment, soybean downy mildew is prone to occur. Agent with 58% metalaxyl 600-800 times or 50% Mn-Zn tuzet 500-1000 times spraying.

     The fifth is to prevent root rot. Soybean root rot is prone to occur when the humidity is high in the field. Therefore, it is necessary to disperse and drain the water in time after the rain, and remove the diseased plants (separately treated and buried in the soil) to prevent spread.

    5. Timely harvesting and loss reduction. For normal mature varieties, when the soybean leaves are all shed, the stems are dry, the grain is rounded to the color of the variety, and when the water content is less than 18% , mechanical or artificial harvesting is carried out. The standard of harvest requires that the cuts do not leave the bottom pods, do not throw branches, and strive to minimize the loss of the field, the comprehensive loss of harvest, the rate of breakage, and the face of the mud . For the late-maturing varieties, the method of segmental harvesting should be adopted, and the post-ripening should be promoted by threshing after drying.

 

 

 

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