Diamond Family • Anecdote

China's synthetic diamond has gone through 50 spring and autumn. My mother Guo Yongcun and my father Li Zhihua have been playing in this field for 50 years. After graduating from college, I also worked in research and manufacturing in this field. Under the guidance of my mother's father, my cousin, cousin, cousin and related relatives have more than 100 people working in diamond products, which is called a diamond family. Examples like ours can be said to be numerous in the superhard materials industry. Here, I want to prove the glorious history of the development of synthetic diamonds in China from the side through my family's father and my experience.

Diamond crystals, because of their grotesque, beautiful and eye-catching, have a great hardness. They have attracted great attention from ancient times. They were mainly used as decorations.

Diamonds, an extremely rare mineral, are based on ancient myths and were discovered in India around 3000 BC. However, in any case, it was known to the ancient Greeks before the 5th century BC, which is unquestionable. We can think of diamonds being introduced to Greece by India. At present, there is a bronze statuette made by the Greeks in the Museum of Great Britain. Its eyes are two unprocessed diamonds.

Diamond has a wide range of applications in the industry due to its high hardness, low specific heat, good thermal conductivity, high mechanical strength, high corrosion resistance, high temperature stability and semiconductor performance.

However, as far as is known, naturally occurring diamond sources are far from meeting modern industrial needs. Despite the British "Daily Mail" reported on September 17, 2012, Russia has published a diamond mine discovered in the 1970s. The mine is located in a crater more than 100 kilometers in diameter in eastern Siberia. Reserves are estimated to exceed trillions. Carat, can meet the needs of the global gem market for 3000 years. Regardless of the authenticity, so far, our country has not found a large natural diamond mine, which is a country with scarce natural diamond resources. In order to meet the needs of China's industrial development, we still have to vigorously develop synthetic diamonds, and we must firmly grasp and expand this recycling technology, so that we are not subject to human beings.

In 1797, the British chemist S. Tennant placed the diamond in a sealed gold tank filled with oxygen, burned it, and identified carbon dioxide gas in the tank. It is well known that this gas is formed by the combination of carbon and oxygen. When the diamond is burned, there is nothing in the sealed container other than diamond and oxygen. From this it can be concluded that diamond is pure carbon. To verify this conclusion, Tannant measured the weight of the gas they collected. Just right, its weight is exactly the same as the weight of the burning diamond.

In the late eighteenth century, it was finally determined that diamond was composed of a chemical element, carbon, which is an allotrope of carbon. It can be seen that the rare mineral of diamond is actually a family with ordinary matter - almost all coal composed of carbon.

The method of researching synthetic diamonds has long been studied, and it has not been realized due to various conditions. Until 1955, the General Electric Research Laboratory of the United States published an article claiming that diamonds were first synthesized by high-pressure and high-pressure methods by converting graphite into diamond by a method that greatly accelerated the reaction rate of molten metal.

Although China's synthetic diamonds started late, a few years later than the United States and Sweden, we are developing fast and strong enough to make international peers look at each other.

The mother and father graduated from the Central South Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. In the early 1960s, he was assigned to the Zhengzhou Abrasives Grinding Research Institute. Since then, they have stepped into the halls of the development and application of superhard materials in one of the most cutting-edge disciplines in materials science. During the period, the father of the family was a technician, engineer, and project leader. In 1979, his father was appointed as the deputy director of the Sixth Research Office. Guo Yongcun, a mother of the company, participated in the research and development of coalfield geological diamond drill bits, medium and large diameter diamond circular saw blades of Φ300mm or more, and diamond fine grinding blades for optical cold processing, which have achieved great success. His father Li Zhihua participated in the first batch of synthetic diamond sorting and purification work, diamond grinding ability research, and participated in the development of metal catalyst for synthetic diamond, and also participated in the development of diamond polycrystalline composite sheet (due to work transfer, only done Staged work). During the period, Ni70Mn30 and Ni70Mn25Co5 synthetic diamond catalyst materials were introduced, which improved diamond yield, coarse grain size ratio and quality. The materials of this composition were widely used in the industry at that time. Has played an active role and contribution in the development of superhard materials. Together with Mr. Zhang Guangyun, he published several papers in the journal Physics, and proposed the growth mechanism of synthetic diamonds--solvent theory. According to the requirements of the Machine Tool Industry Bureau of the First Ministry of Machinery Industry, with the mother Guo Yongcun and his father Li Zhihua as the mainstay, Mr. Lu Feixiong participated in the preparation of a 460,000-word "Diamond Manufacturing", which was machined by the Ministry of Machinery Industry in 1983. The Tool Industry Bureau prints and distributes. Also based on his mother and father, the 230,000-word "Synthesis and Application of Diamond" edited by Mr. Zhang Guangyun was published by Science Press in September 1984.

The predecessors said that China's synthetic diamonds were listed in 1960, when the project code was "121". It is jointly undertaken by Zhengzhou Abrasives Grinding Research, Hefei General Machinery Research Institute and China Academy of Geological Sciences. Zhengzhou Abrasives Grinding Research Institute is responsible for process technology, Hefei General Machinery Research Institute is responsible for equipment manufacturing, Beijing Institute of Geological Sciences is responsible for measurement, joint research, and jointly implement this major and forward-looking project.

The joint test team successfully completed the three-year top press on the 200-ton two-sided top press and finally obtained the diamond on December 6, 1963, officially announcing the research success. This major achievement should be shared by Zhengzhou Abrasives Grinding Research Institute, Hefei General Machinery Research Institute and Beijing Institute of Geological Sciences. On this basis, the Zhengzhou Abrasives Grinding Research Institute was responsible for the Jinan Casting and Forging Institute and the Shanghai Materials Institute. The intermediate test was carried out on the DS-023 3600/6×600 ton hinged hydraulic press and officially transferred to the industrial produce. In the field of superhard materials, Jinan Casting and Forging Institute and Shanghai Materials Institute have also made outstanding contributions.

Zhengzhou Abrasives Grinding Research Institute is responsible for the implementation of the "121" project by Lu Wenren (Director), Si Zhentong (Deputy Director), Meng Qinghui (Director of Scientific Research Office), and Qian Weigui (Chief Engineer).

"121" project technology and technology leader: Yu Hongchang.

Process technology participants: Wang Guangzu, Lu Feixiong, Yu Zhengmin, Li Jinbao, etc.

Purification and sorting, analysis and identification of participants: Liu Zhirong, Yan Zengquan, Wang Huarong, Liu Jinchang, Wang Yuliang, Sun Manguo, Li Shuilai, Li Zhihua.

In particular, it is necessary to collect the information and materials in the process before and during the test, and to guide the direction of the experiment. Yang Yuzhong and Jiao Kuiyi are indispensable.

At that time, the national economic base was not good, the technology was backward, and the equipment manufacturing industry was even less satisfactory. Despite this, through the joint efforts of our engineering and technical personnel and our workers' masters, we have created the first ultra-high pressure and high-temperature double-faced device in China that meets the conditions of synthetic diamond process, and artificially synthesized the first version of the Chinese version in 1963. A synthetic diamond. Then the first six-sided top press was built. Later, many process technology tests were carried out on a six-face press. According to my father, unfortunately, the first two-sided top press that artificially synthesized China's first synthetic diamond was not preserved and may be treated as waste materials. It is a pity because it is the history of Chinese synthetic diamond development. Witness. Fortunately, the first six-sided top press was finally saved, and it was a blessing in the unfortunate.

Our first (and first) batch of synthetic diamonds, the father said is not the kind of radiant, crystal clear, dazzling, and cute crystals that everyone sees now. It’s not good to say, it’s a small pile of dark hodgepods, and it’s very fine (nano-scale from the current point of view), which is invisible to the naked eye, or unrecognizable under a 1000x microscope. But in any case, we think there is indeed diamond in these samples. Through theoretical calculations, phase change pressure measurement, and temperature conversion of the heating power of the composite rod, the diamond synthetic rod is indeed in the ultra-high pressure and high temperature region where graphite is converted into diamond, which is convinced. At that time, how to confirm the presence of diamonds and how to separate them has become a major problem. Under the leadership of Mr. Liu Zhirong and Mr. Zeng Zengjin, a group of people, Wang Huarong, Liu Jinchang, Wang Yuliang, Sun Manguo and Li Zhihua, were chemically treated to remove most of the pyrophyllite, graphite and catalytic metals, and then separated by diiodomethane heavy liquid. Very precious boutique. After being sampled by Mr. Wang Huarong, it was diffracted on the Debye X-ray machine. The strong spectral line appeared on the film, which is completely consistent with the natural diamond line loop. This proves that we have synthesized diamonds.

The most interesting thing is that at the beginning of 1964, Lu Genren led Meng Qinghui, Qian Weigui, Yu Hongchang, Liu Zhirong, Wang Huarong and other departments to report to Zhengzhou Abrasives Grinding Research Institute, the first successful synthesis of diamond work progress, you know, What did they bring? Take a small vial and a set of X-ray film. The sample bottle contained the grayish black and gray things after the above treatment and sorting. Lu Genren said to the leader that we artificially synthesized the diamond, and the diamond was in the bottle, but the naked eye could not see it. The evidence is These X-spectral lines.

China is a country with scarce natural diamond resources. At that time, diamond samples were used for relevant tests. Even if it was a little bit, it was necessary to apply for it and report it to the Ministry of Machinery Industry, and then to the National Treasury Zhongnan Material Station. It can be seen how scarce diamonds are. This discipline has naturally been eliminated since the mass production of synthetic diamond by the Zhengzhou Abrasives Grinding Institute. As long as you have money, you can go to the Zhengzhou Abrasives Grinding Research Institute to buy, no need to apply, report and level-by-level approval. Now high-grade coarse-grain diamonds cost a few cents per carat, but at most it costs about 1 yuan. Do you know the price of synthetic diamond at that time? Now tell you: a type of material (RVD class) sells more than 30 yuan per carat. At that time, due to the exclusive production of Zhengzhou Abrasives Grinding Research Institute, in addition to export sales, due to scarce materials, redundant state acquisitions, into the national treasury. At that time, Sanmao was a rich one. Research funding, construction of experimental factories, building staff quarters, and buying cars are all self-raised. And become a model of domestic research units.

Parents often mention that they often travel on business in order to complete tasks and project promotion experiments. When I arrived at the destination, sometimes I couldn't find the hotel (the guest house) and I had to stay in the bath (after 12 o'clock in the evening). Working conditions are hard. When the mother made a diamond drill test in Jixian County, Guangxi, she lived in the high-rise house of the minority with the drillers. It’s just winter, the mountain wind is raging, it’s too cold. Every night, everyone gathered around the landlord's hanging pot fire pit to warm. Downstairs is the animal, upstairs is the living room, the smoke is lingering, and the house is full of smoke. More worried about the sanitary conditions. At that time, the mother made a diamond drill test in Wuyuan, Hunan, because the drilling was in the field and lived in the farmer's house. The peasants went home, and the vegetables picked in the fields were taken home in the lagoon. In front of the village, a large otter, where every household is washing and washing the dung barrels. Despite my heart, but in a blink of an eye, the peasant brothers have lived for so many generations, and the drilling workers and masters are also here to eat and live, it is calm. I am more motivated to work hard, make contributions in the field of superhard materials, and use my own results to change this poor and backward face with the people of the country.

Both the mother and the father have gone out to experiment and promote work. Sometimes one person does not go home on time, another person has to leave, and my sister's placement becomes a problem. Often placed in a colleague's home, taken care of by colleagues. Once my father's business trip was not returned in Changsha, my mother received a task to go to Hunan Wuyuan to do coal mine geological diamond bit test. I was helpless. I took a compromise. My mother took me by car and went to Changsha. When I transferred to Changsha, I handed me over. To the father, and then brought back to Zhengzhou by his father. They also mentioned that when the book "Diamond Synthesis and Application" was completed, at that time, due to the small housing area, in order not to affect our rest and study, they worked hard to check the materials, do experiments, and analyze and organize during the day; In the evening, when the night is quiet, they move a small square table, a small bench, and write in the kitchen. What's more interesting is that when they received the proof from the publishing house, they had scientific research tasks during the day and they had no proofreading. These proofing work is arranged at night. In order to keep up the progress, my mother and father brought straw mats and food on Sunday, led me and my sister into the park, we were playing, he was two old, one read the proof, one looked at the original, one Words, one punctuation, one chart, one group of data, tireless repetitive check. They are full of blood and water in the superhard materials business. The reason why I am jealous of these trivial things is to look at the spiritual features of the older generation of science and technology workers on the superhard material front from a small point of view, that is, the diamond spirit. We now have tens of thousands of people -- diamonds, just like the Yangtze River, and the waves are pushing forward. The assault in front, the selfless work, the selfless dedication, left a lot of ridiculous anecdotes, and it is these diamonds who are exploring day by day, carefully designed, strict craftsmanship, meticulous data processing, trial and error, comprehensive analysis, aiming at new The goal, continuous innovation and innovation, step by step development, has created the brilliance of superhard materials today.

After the completion of the "121" project, Zhengzhou Abrasives Grinding Research Institute will not lose the opportunity, review the situation, and make persistent efforts to start from three aspects: 1. Continue to improve the tonnage of diamond synthetic equipment, increase the synthetic rod cavity, and the degree of automation and operability 2. Continue to improve the diamond synthesis process, improve the diamond grade, yield, coarse-grain ratio; 3. Expand the use of diamonds, and carry out all-round research work in many fields of intelligence and standards. Has completed many major scientific research projects.

Parents and mothers warn us, don't forget the predecessors who have made outstanding contributions in all areas of superhard materials. they are:

Large tonnage ultra-high pressure and high temperature equipment, gem-quality diamond growth: Shao Dehou, Xu Xiangwen, Wang Guangzu, Li Jinbao, Lu Hongyan, Yu Zhengmin, Li Yumin, Kong Lingchun, Ren Yongshun.

Polycrystalline diamond: Yu Hongchang, Yan Zhongqing, Yang Zhen, Feng Jinzhang, Wang Chaodong, Tan Suzhen.

Cubic boron nitride: Lu Feixiong, Yu Zhichao.

Metal-alloy catalysts: Zhang Guangyun, Wu Jianzhong, Li Zhihua.

High-strength diamond: Yan Juwu, Huang Xiangfen.

Carbon: Wang Songshun.

High temperature and high pressure top hammer: Zhao Yunliang.

Diamond composite film: Zhao Yunliang (Li Zhihua, Yang Mingjun did the preliminary work).

Ye Lashi pressure transmission medium: Wang Chuanli, Yan Juwu.

Diamond sorting (chemical processing, electrolysis, classification and classification): Chadelin.

Diamond bronze grinding wheel: Wen Jishan, Pan Fei.

Diamond resin grinding wheel: Hua Zenghe, Hua Zhongke, Li Chengyu.

Diamond coal field geological bit and medium and large stone cutting saw blades: Guo Yongcun, Cheng Chunxian.

Optical cold-finished diamond fine grinding tablets: Guo Yongcun, Pan Fei.

Optical cold-worked diamond resin super fine film: Lin Jinwen.

Electroplated diamond grinding wheel: capillary beads, Li Yiping.

Diamond micro powder, grinding paste: Yu Xingguo.

Stone polished diamond pouring grinding block: Deng Biyue.

Diamond surface coating: Yang Daili.

Research on grinding technology and grinding theory of superhard material abrasives: Li Changze, Yan Wenhao, Wang Wenjing, Lei Lisheng, Liu Yusheng, Yang Yuhua, Su Yuhua, Wu Yuying, Zhang Chunyu.

Development of diamond industry standards: Huang Xiangfen, Zhang Changwu.

Search and collation of information materials: Yang Yuzhong, Jiao Kuiyi, Li Xiaokuan, Zhang Shizhen, Su Xianzhi, Wei Fengwu.

Don't forget the "121" collaborative units and individuals: Hefei General Machinery Research Institute (Hu Siliang), China Academy of Geological Sciences (Yao Yucheng).

Of course, we must not forget other participants in the scientific research and education circles: the researcher of the Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, especially the book, "The Diamond Synthesizer and Application" published by Guo Yongcun and his father Li Zhihua in the Science Press. Before the final draft, the Science Press entrusted Shen and the researcher to review the draft. Professor Qi Qingquan, Professor Zou Guangtian and Professor Zeng Qin from Jilin University. Professor Wang Qinsheng from Zhengzhou University of Technology. Director Li of the Education Department of Zhengzhou No. 2 Grinding Wheel Factory.

In the early days, the predecessors who were still active on the superhard material front and made specific contributions were Li Genqian, Fang Xiaohu, Li Kaizhen, Zhang Zhenqiu, Li Hui, Chen Qiwu, Liu Shuzhen, Liu Wenming, Tao Zhishi, Shi Rong, Lu Bingxiu, Yan Shuliang, Yin Xunliang, Wang Hairong. Yang Tianhui, Ou Dien, Li Daming, Yan Lichang, Lin Zengdong...

Thanks for assisting the mother and family to complete the task and promote the use of units and individuals. They are: Hunan Laiyang Coalfield Geological Exploration Team, Wuyuan Coalfield Geological Exploration Team, Shandong Jinan Granite Factory, Qingdao Marble Factory, Qingdao Optical Instrument Factory, Shen Yangguang Instrument and Instrument Research Institute, Nanjing Watch Component Factory, Jiangnan Optical Instrument Factory, Nanjing Instrument Machinery Factory, Nanjing Film Machinery Factory, Beijing Nonferrous Metals Research Institute, Shenyang Copper Processing Factory, Shanghai Nonferrous Metals Processing Factory (Tian Qisheng), Wuhan Iron and Steel Plant Powder Branch (Wang Xueding), Guilin Institute of Metallurgical Geology (Li Genqian, Li Kaizhen, Fang Xiaohu) Hunan Institute of Metallurgical Geology (Zhang Zhenqiu), Nuclear Industry Department 233 Factory (Li Hui), Nuclear Industry Department 232 Factory (Liu Wenming), Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide Factory, Changsha Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (Chen Qiwu, Liu Shuzhen), Beijing Geology and Minerals Institute (Tao Zhishi), Zigong Dongxin Electric Carbon Factory (Yu Shuliang, Wang Hairong, Yin Xunliang), Xi'an Coal Research Institute (Shirong), Baoji Metallurgical Exploration Company (Lu Bingxiu), Harbin Grinding Wheel Factory, etc.

The spring breeze of reform and opening up was blown from the South China Sea to the mainland of China, warming and moistening the land of China, and warming the children of China.

In this spring tide, the mother and the family are welcoming the wave of reform, bid farewell to the land of the Central Plains, bid farewell to the dear source of super hard materials that have been raised and fightd for life, unforgettable for life--- Zhengzhou Abrasives Grinding Research Institute, home to the south.

His father Li Zhihua and Zhang Guangyun, Wang Kezhen, Song Dianjie, Huang Xiang, Luo Hongsen, Zhang Zhongfu and Pan Liang used Hong Kong capital. In 1984, they opened the first artificial diamond factory in Shenzhen Special Zone----Shenzhen Hengxing Diamond Factory. During the period, the father served as deputy chief engineer, deputy director, chief engineer, and factory manager. A group of domestic professionals were invited. Products related to diamond synthesis, diamond polycrystalline, diamond bronze grinding wheel, diamond resin grinding wheel, large and medium small diamond cutting saw blade, metallurgical coal field petroleum diamond drill bit, optical cold processing fine grinding sheet and super fine sheet, electroforming grinding wheel and cutting tool, diamond powder With various fields such as abrasive paste. At that time, it had a certain influence in the country and made due contributions to the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone.

In 1988, my mother founded Shenzhen Yongcun Diamond Tools Co., Ltd. After I graduated from university, I also actively participated in the diamond life. Since my mother's father and daughter are already high, I took over the company and continued to sail in the field of superhard materials.

Our company focuses on the preparation of diamond products for optical cold processing. Mainly used in cutting, milling, fine grinding and super-fine grinding in ceramics, gemstones, glass, stone and semiconductor industries, involving lighting products, decorative products, spectacle lenses, camera microscope lenses, watch glasses, mobile phone glass, window glass, Processing tools for automotive glass, stone processing, ceramic sanitary ware and other ceramic products.

His father was from Xiangyang, Jiangxi Province. At the beginning of the establishment of Shenzhen Hengxing Diamond Factory, he directly and indirectly recruited a group of outstanding young people from Shenzhen to work in the research and production of diamond and diamond products. A few years later, they broadened their horizons, learned a lot about the world, and learned a lot of marketing and production skills.

As Hong Kong-funded, Taiwan-funded, and foreign-funded enterprises such as Japan and South Korea flooded into China's coastal areas, the processing industry was very developed, and factories have sprung up everywhere. In the Shenzhen Hengxing Diamond Factory, the aspiring young people who have been professionally studied, edified and tempered, the entrepreneurial desire is very strong and high in the environment where the contemporary economy is particularly active. They went out one by one, raised funds or joint ventures, and used their own skills to learn and set up diamond tool processing factories in Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Shandong and other places. In addition to diamond, cubic boron nitride synthetic and composite sheet manufacturing, the diamond products industry is almost entirely stationed. The main products are diamond circular saw blade, diamond bronze, ceramic, resin combined grinding wheel, diamond plating tool, diamond drill bit and puncher, diamond fine grinding piece and super fine grinding piece. In addition to domestic sales, there are also some exports.

Their marketing characteristics and mode are to set up factories in the field (close to the use of units), and the money earned is remitted back to their place of residence for the benefit of mulberry. In addition to buying high-end cars, building luxury homes and reinvesting and redeveloping, they don’t forget their hometowns, don’t forget their folks, donate money to the village and townships, and use them to build schools and nursing homes, repair roads, repair ditches, and wires. Engage in greening and actively participate in the construction of a new socialist countryside in your hometown.

Focusing on Zhuhu Township, it radiates to neighboring towns and villages. According to incomplete statistics, there are thousands of people working in the super-hard materials industry, and more than 100 factories scattered in other provinces, plus auxiliary materials factories and brokers. There are more than 200, with an annual output value of more than 2 billion yuan.

It is particularly worth mentioning that there is a Yangyuan Village in Zhuhu Township, with 160 households and 35 diamond products factories. The surrounding villagers are called “Boss Village” and “Diamond First Village”. There are many outstanding business owners and professionals in this village. They are Li Shuidi, Li Xindi, Li Yidi, Li Chaoyang, Li Zhaohui, Li Liang, Li Ping, Li Changchun, Li Yiding, Li Xiaoyan, Li Han, Li Hao, Li Tao, Li Nan, Li Yan, Li Kaiming, Li Peng, Li Aibin, Li Kaiquan, Li Jinbao, Li Xinmin, Li Xintian, Li Haifeng, Li Guoai, Li Limao, Gong Jun, Li Zhongmin, Li Hongxing, Li Weimin, etc.

In particular, Li Shuidi, Li Xindi, and Li Zhaohui, whose annual output value is above 100 million yuan. Of course, for the entire diamond industry, it is really just the tip of the iceberg. It is not a thing, but for the individual, it shows the value of life and the beautiful dream.

The People's Government of Shuyang County has a far-sighted vision and opened an industrial park in Tianyu Street in the northeastern boundary of the county. It has introduced a number of preferential policies and invited the owners of the foreign-invested factories to go home to start business and achieve fruitful results. Now some of the owners buy land and plant, office buildings and dormitories in the park. Buying land is a hundred acres. And some owners began to move their own factories or parts of the workshop to the park. Started the Fenghui nest and contributed to the development of the hometown. In time, this place will be a super-hard material products industrial park with brightly lit, rumbling, crowded, thriving and prosperous.

My mother and my family have often said that the development of superhard materials in China has its own characteristics, mainly in three aspects.

First, the development of ultra-high pressure high-temperature equipment and processes. Foreign countries such as the United States, Sweden, Ireland and Finland, their synthesis of diamond and diamond secondary polymerization polycrystals (including of course cubic boron nitride) are done on a two-sided press. China uses a hinged six-face press. Although some variables are added to the operability, it can be overcome. Practice has proved that. The biggest feature of the hinged six-face press is that it is easy to enlarge, easy to increase the tonnage, increase the diamond synthesis cavity, and provide a strong guarantee for high quality production.

Second, from the successful development of diamonds (including cubic boron nitride) to the full promotion and use of diamond products, China has implemented a group action. This kind of technology is not monopolized in the hands of a certain person or a group, but both coexist. As long as there is a chance to participate, it will create the development of today.

Zhongnan Diamond Co., Ltd., a leader in the super-hard material of Gaochun, learned from the director of the sales office Li Guozhong that the company leaders Li Yushun and Jia Pan have worked hard for many years and have more than 4,000 employees and 3100 units. Presses, in 2012 produced more than 1.7 billion carats of diamonds, 20% of which were exported. Their scale and performance are so arrogant. They have created a new chapter in the history of superhard materials development, which is unparalleled in the world.

Of course, we also think that Henan Huanghe Cyclone Co., Ltd., Sanmenxia Jinqu Group, Zhengzhou Huajing Diamond Co., Ltd., and Henan Sifangda Superhard Materials Co., Ltd., all of which are in line with each other, are among the best in today's superhard materials.

Henan Yudong, Mr. Shao Zengming, who is only in his early thirties, has the courage to speak. With the support of his father Shao Dayong, the first phase of investment is more than 200 million yuan, and the purchase of more than 100 high-pressure high-temperature presses with a cylinder diameter of Φ700mm station. Within a year, a medium-sized superhard material processing plant, Henan Power New Materials Co., Ltd., was established.

Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province is one of the national diamond tool manufacturing bases, with more than 100 large and small enterprises, with an annual output value of more than 1 billion yuan. It is the hometown of Chinese saw blades---Jiangsu Zhenjiang. The annual output of diamond saw blades is more than 60 million pieces. It is the largest diamond and drill bit production base in Asia. Quanzhou has more than 100 diamond tool manufacturers, large and small, with an output value of more than 1 billion yuan. It is understood that Hubei Ezhou diamond tool industry employs more than 10,000 people, more than 700 large and small enterprises, diamond tool products account for more than 60% of the national market share.

The development of China's superhard materials business, it is a combination of large, medium and small, and many people participate in the process. Not to mention the national movement, but it can be said that it is group participation.

The people and things recorded in the article are spoken by the mother and the family. Some of them are what I saw and heard in person, and they all happened in the surrounding area. If you have the energy, you can record all the people and things that have been explored, struggled, enterprising, and fought in the superhard materials industry during the development of superhard materials for 50 years. That would be a magnificent picture, just like the career we are doing - the diamond business - a diamond-like picture. Still, in this business, regardless of the predecessors who have fought for them, or the rookies who are still in battle, you all have a diamond-like life. We will remember you, and our descendants will remember you as well, and your achievements will always be engraved on the monument of the history of superhard materials.

The third is the diamond artificial growth mechanism. This means how graphite is converted into diamond. There are many foreign sayings, as is the case in China. According to my father, the academic community was still very active. There is an atmosphere of blossoming and arguing. I am also concerned about papers and discussions in this area and related developments. But now it seems to be talking very little. How does graphite turn into diamonds? There are two main points of view in China. First, the graphite lattice is distorted at ultra-high pressure and high temperature, and directly becomes a diamond crystal lattice and becomes diamond, that is, solid phase transformation. At that time, Professor Qi Qingquan of Jilin University held this view. Second, under the ultra-high pressure and high temperature, a hot bed of diamond nucleation and growth is constructed. The carbon atoms in the graphite crystal structure are broken by the atomic bond of the molten metal (or alloy) atom (or atomic group). And dispersing, in the form of free, single carbon atoms in the seed crystal in the hot bed under the action of diamond bond energy deposited in a diamond crystal structure, and instantaneously rapid growth in a spiral manner, that is, the solvent said. Both my father and Mr. Zhang Guangyun hold this view.

There are three strong evidences. First, artificially grown diamonds are observed under a microscope. On the surface you can see the thread growth line. Second, people

Gem-quality diamonds (usually referred to as complete crystals weighing more than one carat and having a size of more than 5 mm) need to be kept at constant pressure for several tens of hours. This shows that there is a long process of dissolution and deposition. Third, gas phase, liquid phase epitaxial growth of diamond flakes or diamond blocks, also a carbon compound, after the molecular chain is interrupted, in a set ideal environment, in the form of a single atom of carbon on the seed crystal for a long time slow Slow deposition grows up. Despite the heated debate, the atmosphere is very good.

The development process of China's superhard materials is roughly divided into three stages.

The first stage, which was from scratch, was basically in the 1960s, the 1960 synthetic diamond column study, completed in 1963. During the period, cubic boron nitride was also successfully developed.

The second stage belongs to the primary development stage, basically in the 70s and 80s of the 20th century. The characteristics of this period are: diamond and cubic boron nitride production plants are scattered and scattered, nearly 100 in the country, there are 9 in Shenzhen alone; ultra-high pressure high-temperature equipment has low tonnage, generally 3600 (6*600) tons, At the same time, the scale of each manufacturer is small, and the installed capacity is also small. It is basically 3, 5 or 7 or 8 machines, and there are few factories with more than 10 machines; the process technology is not advanced and the production capacity is low. The diamond grade is low and the coarse-grained ratio is not high, generally RVD grade and partial MBD grade, and the diamond particles are basically below 45/50. The diamond tool manufacturing industry is just getting started, and the tentacles have begun to expand into related fields.

The third stage belongs to the leap-forward development stage, which is basically from the 1990s to the beginning of this century. During this period, it was an intensive development, and related soft and hard elements were greatly improved. The big waves washed sand, and in the 1990s, those diamond factories with small scale, few machines and low production capacity were closed. Instead, they are big companies and big groups. For example, Zhongnan Diamond Co., Ltd. is the star that has risen during this period. It has more than 3,100 sets of super-hard materials manufacturing equipment and employs more than 4,000 people. There are other company groups, such as Huajing Company, which has more than 2,000 equipments, more than 1,900 cyclones in the Yellow River, nearly 300 Sanmenxia Gold Canals, and more than 100 power new materials companies. Ultra-high pressure and high temperature equipment, the cylinder diameter (piston diameter) is Φ850mm, the single cylinder pressure is 6200KN, and the total pressure of the six cylinders is 372000 KN. The diamond growth chamber is Φ55mm. The single production is around 260 carats. This is an unprecedented and unprecedented development in the development of superhard materials. The diamond processing plants are all based and parked, and the scope of application is wider.

China's superhard materials business has made great progress and development in the past 50 years. According to incomplete statistics, in 2012, nearly 50 large and medium-sized enterprises of diamond, cubic boron nitride, polycrystalline and composite sheets were processed and produced. There are more than 7,000 sets of hinged six-faced equipment in the country, and the diamond output is 12 billion carats, accounting for more than 90% of the world's total production. According to the region, the country can be divided into two major blocks. The first block refers to the processing of diamond, cubic boron nitride, polycrystalline and composite sheets. It is basically centered on Henan Province and distributed in the north of the Yangtze River. The second block refers to the downstream products of diamond, cubic boron nitride, polycrystalline and composite sheets (diamond tool manufacturing). Except for Shijiazhuang, Hebei, it is basically distributed in the south of the Yangtze River, mainly in Ezhou, Danyang, Quanzhou and other places. . Of course, there are also processing enterprises that are mainly distributed in the coastal provinces.

China's equipment and process technology for superhard materials production can now be ranked first in the world, and its output is also the world's number one. It has a wide range of applications. Whether it is civil industry or national defense industry, both the general industry and the cutting-edge technology industry are infiltrated. . Because of this, due to its emergence, it has accelerated the process of China's modernization.

The Chinese nation is an outstanding nation. Wisdom, brave, innovative Chinese descendants, what human miracles can be created. In the future, we will continue to strengthen theoretical research, continuously improve the comprehensive performance of ultra-high pressure and high-temperature equipment and process technology, and explore the application range of our products, pushing our super-hard materials business to a more innovative peak.

Recalling the past and the past, the future of the exhibition is unlimited. Colleagues gathered under the banner of superhard materials, stretch out your arms, embrace the great diamond business, and add a brilliant page to your diamond life!

About the author: Li Han, born in 1974, graduated from the Department of Control and Mechanical Engineering of Shenzhen University in 1996. Bachelor. He is currently the general manager of Shenzhen Yongcun Diamond Tools Co., Ltd.

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