Comprehensive control of corn silk black spikes

At present, corn smut is found in various corn producing areas in the world, and it is seriously affected in the northern spring maize area, the southwest hilly mountain corn area and the northwest corn area.
The disease is a seedling invasion, systemic invasive disease, and generally shows typical symptoms at the ear stage, mainly for the damage of the ear and the tassel. Once the disease occurs, the whole plant often has no harvest. The plants with severe damage can show symptoms at the seedling stage, and the tillers are increased in clusters, the plants are obviously dwarfed, the internodes are shortened, the leaves are dark and green, and some varieties have yellow-white streaks parallel to the veins on the leaves, and some seedlings The heart leaves are tightly rolled together and bent into a whip. There are two types of diseased ear in adult stage:

(1) Black panicle type: the affected ear is short, the base is thick and pointed, and the filament is not spit. In addition to the leaf, the whole ear becomes black powder, which is mixed with filamentous host vascular bundle tissue.

(2) Malformation: The male flower is deformed without stamens, and the glumes are multi-lobed; the female spikes can also grow excessively into tubular long thorns, which are thorn-like and the whole ear is deformed. Most of the diseased plants in the field are female tassels and suffer at the same time.
After the germination of the smut of the smut of maize smut, it directly invades the meristem of the corn bud in the soil. The optimum period of infection is from the tip of the seed to the white tip to the growth of the bud to 1~1.5 cm. The former is the key stage of infection of the bacteria. The disease occurs at a room temperature of 20 to 25 ° C, and the suitable water content is 18% to 20%. The soil is cold and dry, which is beneficial to the infection of the bacteria.
Comprehensive control measures 1. Strengthen quarantine. All localities should make their own seeds. When planting in other places, they should do a survey of the place of origin to prevent the introduction of bacteria-borne seeds from the ward.
2. Cultivation management measures. (1) Select resistant varieties. (2) Intensive cultivation, timely raking sowing or film covering, promoting early emergence and emergence of seedlings; should be consistent with seedlings, seedlings, suspicious seedlings, and early removal of diseased plants. In the field, the diseased plants were found to be removed in time before being scattered and concentrated. (3) Rotation. For the severely affected plots, it is necessary to carry out crop rotations and implement crop rotations such as soybeans, corn and sorghum to reduce the incidence of diseases.
3. Pharmaceutical treatment.

(1) Seed dressing. Seed dressing is the easiest, most convenient and labor-saving method for controlling corn smut. Pesticide seed dressing such as 2% Ricky Show and 2% Speed ​​Poly can be used. Specific usage: 10kg corn seed with 2% rickett wet dressing agent 30g or 2% fast Poly WP 20~25g seed dressing, the area can be increased appropriately in areas with serious diseases. The seed dressing can also be carried out uniformly with 12.5% ​​diniconazole powder. The specific method is as follows: before the spring sowing period, the selected corn seeds are placed in the seed dressing device, and the seed of the seed quality is added with 1% water, then the corn seeds are mixed and moistened, and then the seeds are added. The 0.1% to 0.2% by mass of 12.5% ​​diniconazole powder is poured into a stirrer, and it can be sown after drying slightly. The mixing should be uniform during seed dressing to ensure the control effect.

(2) Soil treatment. It can be covered with 50% methyl thiophanate powder or 50% carbendazim WP powder, 50 grams per 50 kilograms of fine soil mixture powder, and about 100 grams of medicine soil per hole is used to cover the seed.

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