US developed DNA graphene nanostructures

Scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University have recently used DNA to construct graphene nanostructures with unique electronic properties, which is a very important step toward the large-scale production of graphene electronic chips. The research results were published in the recent issue of Nature Newsletter.

By controlling the DNA sequence, the scientist manipulates the molecules to form DNA nanostructures with different folded shapes, which can be used as a template to control the nanostructure of the inorganic material to form different nanoscale patterns on a carbon atom thick graphene sheet.

These DNA nanostructures were developed in the laboratory using a method called DNA single-strand. This synthetic DNA single-strand is a bit like a children's toy, and each single-strand can be combined with four specific structures, interlocking to form a DNA nanostructure of a specified shape. At present, researchers can construct more than 100 complex nanoscale patterns using this DNA single-strand.

DNA is not ideal because it degrades under sunlight and oxygen and reacts with other molecules. The researchers transferred the encoded DNA structure information to more stable graphene. First, the researchers used aminopyrine to immobilize DNA on the surface of graphene, then applied silver to the surface of the DNA and deposited gold on the silver. After the surface of the molecule is covered with gold, stable metallized DNA can be formed. Using plasma etching technology, the uncovered graphene can be removed to form the same graphene structure as the original shape of the DNA, and finally the sodium cyanide is used. Remove metallized DNA.

The team used this technology to create a wide variety of shapes, including rings and ribbons. They found that although most of the structural information did not change, some structural information was lost during DNA metallization, so the technique was not as accurate as electron beam lithography. However, the use of electron beam lithography to construct graphene nanostructures is costly, time consuming, and difficult to scale.

A structure of particular interest to scientists is a graphene ribbon. It is very narrow and limits the electrons of the material. Graphene typically has no band gap, which is a desirable feature of a typical transistor. However, graphene ribbons have a band gap, so they can be used as electronic circuit components. Scientists are also very interested in graphene rings because they can be used as quantum interference transistors.
In the long run, this approach to DNA nanostructures helps researchers design and build graphene electronic circuits. The construction of graphene electronic circuits has always been the scientist's dream, but how to place the tiny carbon structures of nanowires or nanotubes on graphene sheets has always been an intractable difficulty. The use of metallized DNA to treat graphene structures makes this process very easy. Robert Harden, a professor of the Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering at the University of California, believes that the concept of this new method is very novel, showing the potential of metallized DNA to prepare graphene electronic circuits, and will certainly promote the research and development of graphene nanoelectronic devices.

In recent years, many of the advantages of graphene have become more and more well known. However, the bottleneck of its large-scale production has always been difficult to make a big breakthrough, so that the good wishes of scientists have been stuck in the stage of “mirror and water”. DNA and graphene, which seem to be the "marriage" of the two, have collided with a wonderful "spark." Although the techniques mentioned in this paper are not as accurate as electron beam lithography, the prospect of scale-up is still desirable. The "smog" that is in the minds of scientists seems to be dissipating, and the era of using graphene instead of silicon to produce supercomputers will come.

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