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The safety management of gas stations depends to a large extent on the rationality and perfection of safety design and construction work. Therefore, it is of great significance to improve the safety management level of gas stations and to construct operating facilities that comply with relevant national design and construction specifications in accordance with national policies and requirements for safety work.
　　 Design and construction of buried oil tanks at gas stations
According to the newly revised GB50156 (2006 version) design and construction specifications of automobile refueling stations, combined with the construction of gas stations, when designing the buried project of gas stations in gas stations, we should proceed from the following aspects:
1. The design size of the unified tank. In order to balance the length of the suction pipe into which the submersible pump extends into the oil tank, the diameter of the oil tank needs to be unified, so that the uniform requirements of various parameter data can be achieved, and uniform construction work can be facilitated. The gas storage tank of the gas station should adopt horizontal steel oil tank. According to the regulations, the standard specifications of the steel plate used in the oil tank are: 30 cubic and 40 cubic oil tanks with a minimum thickness of 5mm and 50 cubic meters at least not less than 6mm. In the case of gas station efficiency, it is recommended that the design should be no less than 8mm, avoid frequent replacement of oil tanks, improve tank operation cycle, and reduce maintenance and transformation costs.
2. Strengthen anti-corrosion. This is too important for buried metal materials, but it is often a place that is not easy to attract attention when designing. It is recommended to make detailed material requirements and thickness requirements at the time of design, to avoid the requirements of construction and design, and to affect the service life of the tank.
3. Regarding the oil inlet pipe of the oil tank, it should be extended downward to the inside of the tank and bent at 0.2m from the bottom of the tank and as far as possible away from the liquid level gauge. When the self-priming type tanker is used, the bottom end of the oil outlet pipe of the oil tank should be provided with a bottom valve, and the bottom valve inlet port should be 0.15 m away from the bottom of the tank.
　　 Simple design of the oil discharge port in the tank area
In the setting of the unloading port, there are many forms and different understandings. More typical are: female cover + quick connector, female cover + quick connector + gate valve, female cover + quick connector + gate valve + filter. In the national standard GB50156-2002, there is no clear description of the process composition of unloading oil.
Some staff members do not know the process settings of the unloading port. It is unclear whether the quick connector and the female cover are used, or whether the connector and the female cover are used together with the valve and the filter. Some people say that it is better to add gate valves and filters? actually not. First, the addition of gate valves and filters, in theory, increased the leakage point, and second, there are filters to clean the filter every year, and the bolts on the filter are difficult to tighten with explosion-proof tools, sometimes rusted It is unmovable. Once the ordinary tools are used, it is illegal operation. Third, the oil tanks should be cleaned once by professional companies every 3-5 years. The filter does not play a key role in the quality of the oil. All the unloading process does not actually require a filter.
The design of the unloading port should be determined according to the specific conditions. The main hidden danger is on the filter. Some processes using a quick joint, a female cover and a spherical valve are also possible, but as long as the sealing ring of the female cover does not fail, the quick joint and the quick joint are used. The process of the mother cover is completely reliable.
Conditional petrol stations, in order to prevent oil dumping accidents, you can choose gasoline as the male type on the quick joint and the diesel type as the negative type. If you want to prevent the unloading of the truck more thoroughly, you can consider making the gasoline unloading port 2.5 inches, the diesel unloading port 3 inches, and the gasoline unloading port, diesel unloading port and connection of the tanker. The oil pipelines are all changed to the same diameter pipelines, which will prevent the dump truck from mixing more thoroughly.
　 Separate design of hair and power distribution rooms
In the national standard GB50156-2002, there is no clear regulation on the standby generator room. The generator room and power distribution room of the gas station do not have explosion-proof requirements, which means that it can be considered as a civil design (but it is unreasonable to design the JGJ/G16-92 "Code for Electrical Design of Civil Buildings" completely, because it is used at gas stations. The electrical load is three levels. It is ok to set the generator set and the power distribution system in the same room. In the case of a small area, the wall should not be designed. This simple wall is not soundproof and shock-absorbing. Instead, the space in the power distribution room is reduced, which is not conducive to maintenance and heat dissipation.
When the new station is under construction, it is best to set the hair and power distribution rooms separately. Now that the power distribution system has been set up in one room, there is no need to separate the wall and it has been rectified and isolated. The heat dissipation of the system maintenance shall be removed and restored as it is.
　　 Environmentally friendly design of oil and drainage
In the national standard GB50156 (2006 version), there is a new clause that sewage should not be drained by dark trenches. Each gas station has oily sewage. To achieve the standard discharge, it is necessary to have corresponding treatment facilities. For gas stations, it is mainly to use grease traps, also called oil-water separation tanks. For rainwater that cannot contain oil, it can be directly discharged, and it can be used with dark ditch; for oily sewage, it must be guided through the open channel into the grease trap for treatment and then discharged.
According to the current requirements of the national policy, the gas station of the gas station must be set up. The new station must have a separation tank when designing. This can be achieved through design review; in the old oil station, there is no grease trap that must be rectified and The relevant part of the standard "Basic Design of Gas Station Construction". In the design, it should be carried out according to the national standard map 04S519, not the three-stage separation. Therefore, in the new construction and rectification of the grease trap, the capacity of the grease trap should be determined by calculation, and the third-level discharge should not be forced; it is already three-level. There is no need to change to the second level; if the secondary separation does not meet the emission requirements, it can be increased to the third level.
　　 Pipe design of electric and communication lines
The problem of pipe penetration is mentioned in the national standard GB50156-2002. The relevant provisions of GB50058 “Design Specification for Electrical Installations for Explosive and Fire Hazardous Environments†in 10.1.8 also refer to the problem of pipe penetration. In GB50057 "Building Lightning Protection Design Code", the gas pipe is also clearly defined.
Many gas stations use PVC pipes for electrical and communication lines, especially in explosion-proof areas. Telecommunications lines in the vestibule, tank area and power distribution room must be protected by steel pipes and grounded in accordance with the specifications.
Although national standards and industry norms have made a lot of regulations on the construction of gas stations, because many details are not clear and specific, the regional culture of each company and the understanding of the normative construction of safety technicians are different, so the identification of safety hazards in each unit There are discrepancies in the above, which makes the gas station have different problems in the rectification of safety hazards. To eliminate potential safety hazards, we should start from the source of safety management, standardize and refine the construction design, and improve the level of hardware facilities at gas stations.
　　 Design and construction of buried oil tanks at gas stations
According to the newly revised GB50156 (2006 version) design and construction specifications of automobile refueling stations, combined with the construction of gas stations, when designing the buried project of gas stations in gas stations, we should proceed from the following aspects:
1. The design size of the unified tank. In order to balance the length of the suction pipe into which the submersible pump extends into the oil tank, the diameter of the oil tank needs to be unified, so that the uniform requirements of various parameter data can be achieved, and uniform construction work can be facilitated. The gas storage tank of the gas station should adopt horizontal steel oil tank. According to the regulations, the standard specifications of the steel plate used in the oil tank are: 30 cubic and 40 cubic oil tanks with a minimum thickness of 5mm and 50 cubic meters at least not less than 6mm. In the case of gas station efficiency, it is recommended that the design should be no less than 8mm, avoid frequent replacement of oil tanks, improve tank operation cycle, and reduce maintenance and transformation costs.
2. Strengthen anti-corrosion. This is too important for buried metal materials, but it is often a place that is not easy to attract attention when designing. It is recommended to make detailed material requirements and thickness requirements at the time of design, to avoid the requirements of construction and design, and to affect the service life of the tank.
3. Regarding the oil inlet pipe of the oil tank, it should be extended downward to the inside of the tank and bent at 0.2m from the bottom of the tank and as far as possible away from the liquid level gauge. When the self-priming type tanker is used, the bottom end of the oil outlet pipe of the oil tank should be provided with a bottom valve, and the bottom valve inlet port should be 0.15 m away from the bottom of the tank.
　　 Simple design of the oil discharge port in the tank area
In the setting of the unloading port, there are many forms and different understandings. More typical are: female cover + quick connector, female cover + quick connector + gate valve, female cover + quick connector + gate valve + filter. In the national standard GB50156-2002, there is no clear description of the process composition of unloading oil.
Some staff members do not know the process settings of the unloading port. It is unclear whether the quick connector and the female cover are used, or whether the connector and the female cover are used together with the valve and the filter. Some people say that it is better to add gate valves and filters? actually not. First, the addition of gate valves and filters, in theory, increased the leakage point, and second, there are filters to clean the filter every year, and the bolts on the filter are difficult to tighten with explosion-proof tools, sometimes rusted It is unmovable. Once the ordinary tools are used, it is illegal operation. Third, the oil tanks should be cleaned once by professional companies every 3-5 years. The filter does not play a key role in the quality of the oil. All the unloading process does not actually require a filter.
The design of the unloading port should be determined according to the specific conditions. The main hidden danger is on the filter. Some processes using a quick joint, a female cover and a spherical valve are also possible, but as long as the sealing ring of the female cover does not fail, the quick joint and the quick joint are used. The process of the mother cover is completely reliable.
Conditional petrol stations, in order to prevent oil dumping accidents, you can choose gasoline as the male type on the quick joint and the diesel type as the negative type. If you want to prevent the unloading of the truck more thoroughly, you can consider making the gasoline unloading port 2.5 inches, the diesel unloading port 3 inches, and the gasoline unloading port, diesel unloading port and connection of the tanker. The oil pipelines are all changed to the same diameter pipelines, which will prevent the dump truck from mixing more thoroughly.
　 Separate design of hair and power distribution rooms
In the national standard GB50156-2002, there is no clear regulation on the standby generator room. The generator room and power distribution room of the gas station do not have explosion-proof requirements, which means that it can be considered as a civil design (but it is unreasonable to design the JGJ/G16-92 "Code for Electrical Design of Civil Buildings" completely, because it is used at gas stations. The electrical load is three levels. It is ok to set the generator set and the power distribution system in the same room. In the case of a small area, the wall should not be designed. This simple wall is not soundproof and shock-absorbing. Instead, the space in the power distribution room is reduced, which is not conducive to maintenance and heat dissipation.
When the new station is under construction, it is best to set the hair and power distribution rooms separately. Now that the power distribution system has been set up in one room, there is no need to separate the wall and it has been rectified and isolated. The heat dissipation of the system maintenance shall be removed and restored as it is.
　　 Environmentally friendly design of oil and drainage
In the national standard GB50156 (2006 version), there is a new clause that sewage should not be drained by dark trenches. Each gas station has oily sewage. To achieve the standard discharge, it is necessary to have corresponding treatment facilities. For gas stations, it is mainly to use grease traps, also called oil-water separation tanks. For rainwater that cannot contain oil, it can be directly discharged, and it can be used with dark ditch; for oily sewage, it must be guided through the open channel into the grease trap for treatment and then discharged.
According to the current requirements of the national policy, the gas station of the gas station must be set up. The new station must have a separation tank when designing. This can be achieved through design review; in the old oil station, there is no grease trap that must be rectified and The relevant part of the standard "Basic Design of Gas Station Construction". In the design, it should be carried out according to the national standard map 04S519, not the three-stage separation. Therefore, in the new construction and rectification of the grease trap, the capacity of the grease trap should be determined by calculation, and the third-level discharge should not be forced; it is already three-level. There is no need to change to the second level; if the secondary separation does not meet the emission requirements, it can be increased to the third level.
　　 Pipe design of electric and communication lines
The problem of pipe penetration is mentioned in the national standard GB50156-2002. The relevant provisions of GB50058 “Design Specification for Electrical Installations for Explosive and Fire Hazardous Environments†in 10.1.8 also refer to the problem of pipe penetration. In GB50057 "Building Lightning Protection Design Code", the gas pipe is also clearly defined.
Many gas stations use PVC pipes for electrical and communication lines, especially in explosion-proof areas. Telecommunications lines in the vestibule, tank area and power distribution room must be protected by steel pipes and grounded in accordance with the specifications.
Although national standards and industry norms have made a lot of regulations on the construction of gas stations, because many details are not clear and specific, the regional culture of each company and the understanding of the normative construction of safety technicians are different, so the identification of safety hazards in each unit There are discrepancies in the above, which makes the gas station have different problems in the rectification of safety hazards. To eliminate potential safety hazards, we should start from the source of safety management, standardize and refine the construction design, and improve the level of hardware facilities at gas stations.
Heilongjiang Junhe Building Materials Technology Co., Ltd , https://www.junhejiancai.com