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At present, winter wheat enters the late growth stage and is undergoing development processes such as grain filling and maturation. Going to the farmland and looking at it seems to feel that the wheat harvest year is already hopeful, but it is still not possible. Now there is still a critical period from the wheat harvest, and we can't relax the later water and fertilizer management of wheat. The grouting of winter wheat is the final critical period for determining the winter wheat harvest. As the farmer said: "The wheat harvest is quite a lot, the spikes are large and the seeds are full." Although the number of spikes in the wheat field has been fixed, the number of grains has not been completely determined. As for the number of grains or 1000-grain weight, it is from this period. Growth and development are decided. Grain filling of wheat, from the mature stage to the mature stage, should maintain a certain green leaf area to have higher photosynthetic efficiency. At this time, proper nutrition should be added to prevent the leaf from losing weight due to premature aging. As for the fertilization method, soil fertilization can be used, and the technique of top dressing can also be used.
Principles of water and fertilizer management in the later stage
The principle of water and fertilizer management in the later period depends on the situation of the wheat. It is not necessary to apply fertilizer and water, nor to control water and fertilizer. The characteristics of fertility in the late stage of wheat are centered on grain formation, including flowering insemination and grain filling. It will determine the weight of grain and the number of grains, which plays a vital role in wheat yield. Since the leaves are photosynthesis products and transpiration of wheat, if the leaves age too fast in the later stage, they will be unfavorable for grouting; if the leaves are too prosperous, they will not be good for high yield.
Specific measures for water and fertilizer management
The goal of water and fertilizer management is to maintain root activity, extend leaf function period, prevent premature aging and glutinous late ripening; in order to promote photosynthetic products to grain operation, strive for grain weight. The following management measures are taken for different conditions:
1. For the wheat field where the leaf color is obviously weakened at the heading stage and the population is not large, the nitrogen fertilizer can be applied once and the flower-filling water is poured at the same time. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be appropriate, and a small amount of nitrogen can be applied. If it is too much, it will lead to late maturity and even lodging. It is necessary to master the appropriateness to achieve the purpose of increasing the 1000-grain weight and even protecting the grain number. The nitrogen fertilizer can be selected from ammonium sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate or urea. Use urea to top dress 2 days in advance. The net amount of nitrogen does not exceed 1.5-2 kg per mu.
2. For large wheat fields, in order to prevent the lodging caused by dry hot air in the later stage, spray 2 times of humic acid solution and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.2%-0.5%) plus urea in the post-harvest-filling period. Mixture (0.5%-1%); it can also be sprayed with silicon fertilizer and humic acid fertilizer solution (concentration is about 1% each). When spraying foliar fertilizer, it is usually sprayed twice, 4-5 days apart. This is beneficial to the problem of lodging 1000-grain weight and preventing the lodging caused by dry hot wind.
3. In normal wheat fields with irrigation conditions, depending on soil moisture conditions, timely irrigation of poplar water or grouting water before the peak of filling, this water is conducive to the development of wheat endosperm, increase the sub-skin and caryopsis, thereby increasing the storage capacity.
In short, the late growth of wheat flowering-grouting is crucial for maintaining yield. Later water and fertilizer management can not be relaxed, especially for modern high-yield varieties, which are characterized by large potential for increased production in the later period and more nitrogen in the later stage. Later water and fertilizer management is the key to high yield. However, the risk and difficulty of water and fertilizer management in the later period is also large, and it is necessary to take appropriate measures to prevent causing greed or premature aging, both of which will lead to a reduction in production.
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