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1. Optimization of heat source system
In the energy-saving design process of HVAC systems, the heat source system should be reasonably selected according to the actual conditions of the engineering building. Under normal circumstances, the common types of heat sources in China's market are: heat pumps, thermal power stations, regional boiler houses, small boilers, direct-fired lithium bromide absorption hot water units. In terms of energy utilization efficiency, general thermal power plants have the highest operating efficiency, and heat pump technology ranks second. The heat pump mainly uses a large amount of renewable and low-grade energy contained in nature as a heat source, such as surface water, solar energy, atmosphere, geothermal, etc. Through the operation of the compressor, heat energy is extracted in the heat source, and the temperature is increased and then transmitted to the high-temperature heat source. According to the energy of the heat pump, it can be divided into two major air source (air-cooled) heat pumps. Mainly for commercial unit type heat pump air conditioning unit, household heat pump air conditioner, heat pump hot and cold water unit and other types of ground source heat pump, represented by soil type, can achieve at least 30% energy saving target: direct combustion type lithium bromide absorption unit The heating efficiency is basically similar to that of a gas boiler, but for a boiler room, the storage system of a large-area boiler room is better than a small boiler.
2. Promote the use of frequency conversion technology
In modern HVAC systems, the application of frequency conversion technology has a strong inevitability. Through the frequency conversion technology, it can not only make up for the technical problems of the air conditioning system, but also reduce energy consumption and reduce operating costs. Under normal circumstances, the air conditioning system only operates according to the pre-designed rated power. In the case of low load, if the equipment is still running at full load with rated power, energy waste will inevitably occur. By applying the frequency conversion technology in the HVAC system, the output power of the air conditioner can be adjusted according to the change of the load, and the energy saving and emission reduction effect can be exerted. In combination with the actual load conditions of the air conditioner, the wind flow or water flow rate is appropriately changed to achieve the energy saving target. On the one hand, the variable air volume system uses the end device of the air conditioning system to realize the compensation mechanism of the indoor load, and optimizes the adjustment of the air supply volume to maintain a suitable indoor temperature; compared with the fixed air volume system, the variable air volume system can save energy by about 50%; On the one hand, the variable water system mainly adjusts the temperature by controlling the quantity, which is more energy-saving than the fixed flow system. With the promotion and use of industrial inverters in China, by optimizing the air volume, water volume and main engine, it can achieve matching operation with air conditioning load and exert good energy saving benefits.
3. Reduce the energy consumption of the heat medium
In HVAC systems, energy-efficient engineering design should focus on energy consumption at all stages. Taking the specific design and actual operating conditions as the starting point, a complete air conditioning energy saving system is formed. Among them, the heat medium mass transfer system is an important part of HVAC, and its heat energy transfer mode and material selection all have an impact on energy conservation. In the heat medium mass transfer system, the selection of insulation materials, such as direct buried pipes, can achieve preheating of hot water; thereby reducing the losses that may occur during the transfer of heat energy. In addition, the computer system can be used to comprehensively test the heating status of the air conditioning system, apply intelligent pipe network, balance valve, etc., optimize the configuration of pipe network traffic, strengthen management countermeasures, thereby improving operational efficiency and achieving energy saving goals. Regarding the energy-saving design of the air-conditioning system, the power transmission system can also be applied to optimize the design and construction of the power system and improve the energy-saving efficiency of the air-conditioning system. The power system should select supply pipelines with good load properties, high operating efficiency, large temperature difference, and rheological speed. Use reasonable and effective power equipment to improve transmission efficiency and build a good air-conditioning operating system.
4. Reasonable determination of air conditioning methods
With the improvement of people's living standards, new energy-saving, comfortable and healthy air-conditioning operation methods are gradually being promoted. For HVAC systems, the comfort level of their application depends mainly on a combination of wind speed, humidity, air humidity, ambient radiant temperature and people's perception of the environment. Therefore, the choice of various combinations of environmental parameters, the resulting thermal comfort is different: for example, the difference between the hot and humid environment, the energy consumption of the air conditioning system is also different. In the winter period, if the traditional air conditioning method is selected to increase the indoor temperature, the heat and moisture exchange is carried out in the human body and the environment through the air, and the required air humidity is high. In this case, the heat loss of the fresh air is heated and the heat loss of the maintenance structure is maintained. Relatively large; if you can apply the new hot and humid environment application results, optimize the choice of air conditioning operation mode, increase the radiant heat, you can significantly reduce the air humidity, generally 12 ° C ~ 24 ° C is appropriate, and the traditional air conditioning operation mode needs to be From 18 ° C to 20 ° C, it is obvious that the energy saving effect of the new air conditioning operation mode is more objective. Similarly, when using air conditioning systems in summer, the new air conditioning operation mode is more applicable. By applying this new air-conditioning operation mode of health, comfort and energy saving, it can not only meet the high level of living needs, but also achieve the goal of energy saving and emission reduction, which is consistent with the development of low carbon economy.
5. Optimization of hot and cold energy recovery
At present, the problem of heat and heat recovery in HVAC systems is being further studied to promote the efficiency of heat and cold recovery of air conditioning systems, and to achieve energy conservation goals while ensuring energy efficiency. Through the recovery of exhaust heat, the exhaust energy can be better applied, the fresh air can be pre-cooled or preheated, the load can be reduced, and the air conditioning system can be energy-saving; the exhaust heat recovery can be divided into full heat recovery and sensible heat recovery. In the two major parts, the recycling equipment is generally a plate-type heat exchanger, a rotary full heat exchanger, and a plate-type sensible heat exchanger.
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