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The harmful substances such as formaldehyde released from the radioactivity of the stone and the decoration materials are seriously exceeded. The anti-freezing agent in the winter construction causes the ammonia gas emitted from the hardening of the concrete to exceed the national standard. In recent years, the mass media frequently exposed and reported the interior decoration. The environmental pollution caused by the decoration has aroused the full attention of the whole society. Improving people's living environment and improving people's quality of life have become the common themes of the entire human society in the 21st century.
The radioactivity of natural stone products has not been raised in the past. Since the early 1960s, the author has been engaged in the organization and management of stone standards and revisions for more than 30 years. From September to October 1998, he went to Italy to participate in the Verona International Stone Fair and went to Norway to inspect stone production. Foreign manufacturers and users did not mention The radioactivity problem to natural stone. The national standards of the United States, Britain, Germany, Japan, and Russia that we have collected and read have no radioactive indicators for stone. At present, there are two different opinions on the radioactive problem of natural stone products: one opinion that the radioactive problem of natural stone products in China is serious, and 1/4 is seriously exceeded; another opinion is that there is no radioactive standard in China's natural stone products, 73.1 % reaches class A, others are class B or class C, and very few are more than class C.
Natural radioactivity refers to the instability of the nucleus of some elements in the natural world, which can spontaneously undergo nuclear decay, that is, from one nuclide nucleus to another nuclide nucleus, accompanied by radiation, which is called natural radioactivity. Natural stone is radioactive and is derived from the natural radionuclide contained in the rock, that is, the rock contains uranium and lanthanide decay products, which decay under natural conditions into a "helium" harmful to the human body.
In nature, natural radioactivity is objective. Such as luminous meters, televisions, monitor screens of computer monitors, etc., have a small amount of radioactivity, so it is harmless or harmless to the human body. The presence of radioactivity in natural stone products is objective, but whether the key exceeds the standards set by the state. In JC518-93 "Control Standard for Radioactive Protection of Natural Stone Products", the specific activity of radioactive materials in stone building materials is A, B, C. The scope of use of Class A products is not limited; Class B products are not applicable. Interior finishes can be used for interior and exterior finishes in other buildings; Class C products can be used for exterior finishes of all buildings.
Natural stone that exceeds Class C control values ​​can be used for other purposes such as seawalls, piers and monuments. Stone building materials not higher than the local natural radioactive level can be used locally and are not subject to this standard.
Therefore, I believe that the radioactivity of natural stone products should be realistic, correct and serious. It is wrong to adopt "non-recognition" and "exaggeration" is also wrong. The radioactivity of natural stone products exists objectively, but it is not as "very serious" as some people think. I believe that to solve the radioactive problem of natural stone products, we should first manage from the source, cut off the source, and cure the symptoms. The newly mined stone mines are strictly inspected according to the JC518 standard for the stone products they are mining. If their radioactivity exceeds the scope specified by the standards, there is no mining value and they may not be mined. If the radioactivity is in Class B or C, it can still be mined, but its scope of use should be strictly limited. For the mined mines, a census is conducted according to the JC518 standard to determine the type of products they produce, and the mining beyond the scope of the standard is stopped. All stone production enterprises should purchase and use block materials. They must use the relevant local departments to test the report according to JC518. If they do not meet the standards, they must not use or purchase, and they must not enter the factory. All local building materials market sells natural stone products. Suppliers must have the batch of stone according to JC518's test report. If there is no report and the test result exceeds the standard, it is not allowed to enter the market. If the above measures are strictly implemented, it is impossible for the natural stone products with excessive radioactivity to flow into the market and use them for construction. Of course, it is even less likely to adversely affect the living environment of people.
After the home decoration, the main sources of harmful gases such as formaldehyde in the indoor air: First, the use of a large number of wood-based panels, such as plywood, particle board, wood chip, etc., these plates use an internal urea-containing resin adhesive, which contains formaldehyde; Decorative textiles (such as curtains, sofa fabrics, tablecloths, carpets, bedding, etc.) use dye additives containing formaldehyde, which can be slowly released during use. Third, improper use of interior wall coatings can also be used. Exudes gases that are harmful to human health.
For these adhesives and auxiliaries, some countries have established standards, and some have not established standards. In order to control the quality of adhesive products, China's building materials industry management department has developed JC/T547-1994 ceramic wall and floor tile adhesive, JC/T548-1994 wallpaper adhesive, JC/T549-1994 ceiling adhesive, JC/T550-1994 semi-hard Polyvinyl Chloride block plastic floor adhesive, JC/T636 - 1994 wood floor adhesive and other industry standards. In order to control the quality of interior wall coatings, JC/T423-1994 water-soluble interior wall coatings, GB/T9756-1988 synthetic resin emulsion interior wall coatings were developed. However, these standards only meet the requirements of use, only certain physical performance indicators are specified, and their chemical composition is not specified, especially the content of harmful components. Moreover, these standards were enacted earlier, some for more than 10 years, and some seven or eight years, the standard content has not adapted to the current development of the product, especially the requirements of environmental protection. To a certain extent, this also "indulgences" these products that are harmful to human health into the living environment of people's living environment.
To solve indoor environmental problems caused by harmful indoor air pollution from indoor decoration materials, we should also start from the source, that is, quickly set indoor air sanitation standards, stop producing adhesives and auxiliaries harmful to human health, and develop a new generation of environmentally friendly decoration materials, production and design. Construction, inspection and other aspects are checked, and the use of decorative materials that pollute the environment is prohibited. The original Qingyuan can make our indoor air as fresh and fresh as the air in nature.
The development trend of building decoration in the world is: returning to nature and returning to nature. People are harmoniously integrated with nature and architecture. "People-oriented" constantly improves people's living and working environment and improves human ecological environment and quality of life.
Therefore, I believe that to solve the environmental pollution caused by interior decoration, instead of boiling the soup, it is better to take the bottom of the pot, cut off the source, cut off the specimen, treat the environmentally-friendly decoration materials from the mine, and solve the pollution problems of stone radioactivity and formaldehyde.
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