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Recently, some farmers friends and fertilizer marketers have raised many questions about fertilizer and fertilization techniques. In this regard, the peasant daily newspaper specially invited experts to provide concentrated answers. However, due to the large differences in agricultural conditions in various regions of China, it is hoped that farmers should consider the general laws of crop growth and adapt to local conditions when selecting fertilizers. The following questions and answers are for reference only.
Mr. Cui of Donggang, Liaoning Province asked: 40 kg of 13-18-15 compound fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer before the rice transplanting, and 10 kg of urea and 15 kg of 13-18-15 compound fertilizer are applied in the fertilizer season. Do you still need to apply fertilizer? How to apply?
A: Liaoning rice belongs to single-season rice. The average yield per mu can reach 500-600 kg. From the fertilizer already applied, nitrogen can basically meet the needs of crops. Potassium is enough, but phosphorus is already excessive. At the booting stage, 5 to 10 kg of urea may be applied as appropriate.
Ms. Gan of Chaohu, Anhui Province asked: How should fertilize rice?
Answer: Compared with transplanted rice, it is necessary to apply 1 more seedling fertilizer, increase the proportion of base fertilizer appropriately, and pay attention to the combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to apply decomposed organic fertilizer, superphosphate or ternary compound fertilizer. It is recommended to apply about 5 kg of urea in 2 leaves and 1 heart; 10 to 15 kg of urea per mu of fertilizer; 10 kg of urea or 10 to 15 kg of high nitrogen and potassium compound fertilizer. In addition, it is required to carry out seed treatment before sowing, improve the quality of land preparation and sowing, select varieties with strong tillering power, timely replenish seedlings, weeding and strengthen pest control.
Mr. Tian of Gongzhuling, Jilin asked: Can I use 25-10-16 compound fertilizer for one-time fertilization of corn?
A: Yes. It is recommended to apply 50-60 kg of compound fertilizer per mu, and apply the fertilizer layered into different soil layers within 10 cm and below. Note that if the fertilizer does not have sustained release and does not stratify fertilization, it may cause early deferration in the early stage. Therefore, always go to the ground to see if the symptoms of defamation should be applied in time to apply appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer. In addition, due to the low proportion of 25-10-16 compound fertilizer phosphorus, it is recommended to spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the middle and late stages; later, when the compound fertilizer is selected, the phosphorus ratio should be slightly higher.
Mr. Qi of Laiyang, Shandong Province asked: When planting summer corn, apply 15 kg of 15-15-15 fertilizer per acre, then water, but the corn is still not good, the seedlings are yellow, what is the reason?
A: There are many reasons for the yellowing of summer corn seedlings. The yellowing of the seedlings here may be caused by improper fertilization methods. It is basically reasonable to apply 30 kg of compound fertilizer per mu, but after applying the surface water, only part of the nitrogen fertilizer and a small amount of potassium fertilizer work, and the phosphate fertilizer basically stays on the surface. Due to the small amount of nitrogen remaining in the winter wheat field, and the lack of nitrogen in the post-salt, it is easy to cause yellow seedlings in summer corn. It is recommended to apply 5 to 10 kg of urea per mu for remediation; afterwards, the base fertilizer should be high-nitrogen potassium ternary compound fertilizer, and cover the soil in time after fertilization.
Ms. Ma from Tianjin asked: Can vegetables be applied with potassium nitrate? Does the application of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer increase the nitrate content of vegetables?
A: For the same vegetable, the amount of nitrate in the plant is mainly related to fertilization technology and environmental conditions, but has little to do with the nutrient form of fertilizer. Excessive or partial application of nitrogen fertilizer and poor ventilation and light transmission will increase the nitrate content in vegetables, and the nitrogen application rate is appropriate. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is reasonable, the ventilation and light transmission are good, and the nitrogen absorbed by the crop can be fully converted. Plants will not have nitrate accumulation. Therefore, as long as the application method of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is reasonable, it can be safely applied.
Mr. Tian of Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province asked: How can the Chinese herbal medicine Huangqi be fertilized to grow roots?
Answer: Astragalus membranaceus is a perennial root medicinal material. To improve root yield and quality, it must be based on organic fertilizer, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be combined. It is recommended to combine deep tillage and land preparation, apply 2000-3000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 40-50 kg of superphosphate or 25-35 kg of general-purpose compound fertilizer. After the second or third year of greening, it will be applied for 15 to 25 kilograms of decomposed farmyard manure or high-nitrogen potassium compound fertilizer 1 to 2 times before the ridge is closed in late June. In the flowering stage, 2 to 3 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed. In addition to seed retention, when flower buds appear from July to October, they should be removed in batches on sunny days to reduce nutrient loss and promote the transfer of above-ground nutrients to roots.
Ms. Huang from Chengdu, Sichuan asked: Is it good to use a sulfur-based compound fertilizer for garlic, or a chlorine-based compound fertilizer?
A: The rainwater and irrigation conditions in Sichuan are better. These two kinds of compound fertilizers can be used, and the impact on the yield is not much different. However, garlic is a sulfur-loving crop, sulfur-based compound fertilizer contains sulfur, and the application of sulfur-based compound fertilizer can improve the quality and improve the flavor of garlic.
Ms. Zhao from Hebei Province asked: What kind of fertilizer is calcium ammonium nitrate? How to choose reasonably?
Answer: Calcium ammonium nitrate is a compound fertilizer prepared by combining ammonium nitrate with calcium nitrate or by co-melting with calcium carbonate, containing nitrogen (N) 26%. Compared with ammonium nitrate, the nitrogen content is reduced, but it is calcium-containing and stable in nature, and it is not easy to absorb moisture and agglomerate. It can be applied to various crops because it contains ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and calcium nutrition, especially suitable for vegetables. The amount of topdressing is 15-20 kg per mu, generally not more than 25 kg.
(Senior Consultant of Sinofert, Professor of China Agricultural University Wang Xingren)
Mr. Cui of Donggang, Liaoning Province asked: 40 kg of 13-18-15 compound fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer before the rice transplanting, and 10 kg of urea and 15 kg of 13-18-15 compound fertilizer are applied in the fertilizer season. Do you still need to apply fertilizer? How to apply?
A: Liaoning rice belongs to single-season rice. The average yield per mu can reach 500-600 kg. From the fertilizer already applied, nitrogen can basically meet the needs of crops. Potassium is enough, but phosphorus is already excessive. At the booting stage, 5 to 10 kg of urea may be applied as appropriate.
Ms. Gan of Chaohu, Anhui Province asked: How should fertilize rice?
Answer: Compared with transplanted rice, it is necessary to apply 1 more seedling fertilizer, increase the proportion of base fertilizer appropriately, and pay attention to the combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to apply decomposed organic fertilizer, superphosphate or ternary compound fertilizer. It is recommended to apply about 5 kg of urea in 2 leaves and 1 heart; 10 to 15 kg of urea per mu of fertilizer; 10 kg of urea or 10 to 15 kg of high nitrogen and potassium compound fertilizer. In addition, it is required to carry out seed treatment before sowing, improve the quality of land preparation and sowing, select varieties with strong tillering power, timely replenish seedlings, weeding and strengthen pest control.
Mr. Tian of Gongzhuling, Jilin asked: Can I use 25-10-16 compound fertilizer for one-time fertilization of corn?
A: Yes. It is recommended to apply 50-60 kg of compound fertilizer per mu, and apply the fertilizer layered into different soil layers within 10 cm and below. Note that if the fertilizer does not have sustained release and does not stratify fertilization, it may cause early deferration in the early stage. Therefore, always go to the ground to see if the symptoms of defamation should be applied in time to apply appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer. In addition, due to the low proportion of 25-10-16 compound fertilizer phosphorus, it is recommended to spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the middle and late stages; later, when the compound fertilizer is selected, the phosphorus ratio should be slightly higher.
Mr. Qi of Laiyang, Shandong Province asked: When planting summer corn, apply 15 kg of 15-15-15 fertilizer per acre, then water, but the corn is still not good, the seedlings are yellow, what is the reason?
A: There are many reasons for the yellowing of summer corn seedlings. The yellowing of the seedlings here may be caused by improper fertilization methods. It is basically reasonable to apply 30 kg of compound fertilizer per mu, but after applying the surface water, only part of the nitrogen fertilizer and a small amount of potassium fertilizer work, and the phosphate fertilizer basically stays on the surface. Due to the small amount of nitrogen remaining in the winter wheat field, and the lack of nitrogen in the post-salt, it is easy to cause yellow seedlings in summer corn. It is recommended to apply 5 to 10 kg of urea per mu for remediation; afterwards, the base fertilizer should be high-nitrogen potassium ternary compound fertilizer, and cover the soil in time after fertilization.
Ms. Ma from Tianjin asked: Can vegetables be applied with potassium nitrate? Does the application of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer increase the nitrate content of vegetables?
A: For the same vegetable, the amount of nitrate in the plant is mainly related to fertilization technology and environmental conditions, but has little to do with the nutrient form of fertilizer. Excessive or partial application of nitrogen fertilizer and poor ventilation and light transmission will increase the nitrate content in vegetables, and the nitrogen application rate is appropriate. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is reasonable, the ventilation and light transmission are good, and the nitrogen absorbed by the crop can be fully converted. Plants will not have nitrate accumulation. Therefore, as long as the application method of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is reasonable, it can be safely applied.
Mr. Tian of Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province asked: How can the Chinese herbal medicine Huangqi be fertilized to grow roots?
Answer: Astragalus membranaceus is a perennial root medicinal material. To improve root yield and quality, it must be based on organic fertilizer, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be combined. It is recommended to combine deep tillage and land preparation, apply 2000-3000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 40-50 kg of superphosphate or 25-35 kg of general-purpose compound fertilizer. After the second or third year of greening, it will be applied for 15 to 25 kilograms of decomposed farmyard manure or high-nitrogen potassium compound fertilizer 1 to 2 times before the ridge is closed in late June. In the flowering stage, 2 to 3 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed. In addition to seed retention, when flower buds appear from July to October, they should be removed in batches on sunny days to reduce nutrient loss and promote the transfer of above-ground nutrients to roots.
Ms. Huang from Chengdu, Sichuan asked: Is it good to use a sulfur-based compound fertilizer for garlic, or a chlorine-based compound fertilizer?
A: The rainwater and irrigation conditions in Sichuan are better. These two kinds of compound fertilizers can be used, and the impact on the yield is not much different. However, garlic is a sulfur-loving crop, sulfur-based compound fertilizer contains sulfur, and the application of sulfur-based compound fertilizer can improve the quality and improve the flavor of garlic.
Ms. Zhao from Hebei Province asked: What kind of fertilizer is calcium ammonium nitrate? How to choose reasonably?
Answer: Calcium ammonium nitrate is a compound fertilizer prepared by combining ammonium nitrate with calcium nitrate or by co-melting with calcium carbonate, containing nitrogen (N) 26%. Compared with ammonium nitrate, the nitrogen content is reduced, but it is calcium-containing and stable in nature, and it is not easy to absorb moisture and agglomerate. It can be applied to various crops because it contains ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and calcium nutrition, especially suitable for vegetables. The amount of topdressing is 15-20 kg per mu, generally not more than 25 kg.
(Senior Consultant of Sinofert, Professor of China Agricultural University Wang Xingren)
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